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With the main shipping channels through The Narrows into the harbor silting up with sand due to [[Longshore drift|littoral drift]], thus providing ships with less depth, and a new generation of larger ships coming online – epitomized by [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]]'s [[SS Great Eastern|SS ''Great Eastern'']], popularly known as "Leviathan" – New York began to be concerned that it would start to lose its status as a great port if a "back door" entrance into the harbor was not created.<ref>Steinberg, pp.105–106</ref> In the 1850s the depth continued to lessen – the harbor commission said in 1850 that the mean water low was {{convert|24|ft}} and the extreme water low was {{convert|23|ft}} – while the draft required by the new ships continued to increase, meaning it was only safe for them to enter the harbor at high tide.<ref name=concrete9495>Eldredge & Horenstein (2014), pp.94–95</ref>
The U.S. Congress, realizing that the problem needed to be addressed, appropriated $20,000 for the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|Army Corps of Engineers]] to continue Maillefert's work.<ref name=concrete95>Eldredge & Horenstein (2014), p.95</ref> In 1851, the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]],
====After the Civil War====
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==References==
Barthel, Thomas. ''Opening the East River: John Newton and the Blasting of Hell Gate''. McFarland, 2021.
https://www.nan.usace.army.mil/Portals/37/docs/history/hellgate.pdf.
'''Informational notes'''
{{reflist|group=notes}}
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