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Line 219: In 2005, Pentagon Iran expert [[United States v. Franklin\|Lawrence Franklin and AIPAC lobbyists Steve Rosen and Keith Weissman]] were indicted under the Act. Franklin pleaded guilty to conspiracy to disclose national defense information to the lobbyists and an Israeli government official.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lichtblau \|first=Eric \|date=October 6, 2005 \|title=Pentagon Analyst Admits Sharing Secret Data \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/06/politics/06spy.html \|work=The New York Times \|access-date=March 13, 2001}}</ref> Franklin was sentenced to more than 12 years in prison, but the sentence was later reduced to 10 months of home confinement.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Sentence Reduced in PentagonCase \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/11/AR2009061104280.html \|newspaper=The Washington Post \|date=June 12, 2009 \|access-date=March 13, 2011}}</ref> Under the [[Presidency of Barack Obama\|Obama]] and [[Presidency of Donald Trump\|Trump administration]]s, at least eight [[2013 Department of Justice investigations of reporters#Prosecutions during the Obama Administration.27s tenure\|Espionage Act prosecutions]] were related not to traditional [[espionage]] but either withholding information or communicating with members of the ~~media~~press. Out of a total of eleven prosecutions under the Espionage Act against government officials accused of providing classified information to the ~~media~~press, seven have occurred since Obama took office.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Greenberg \|first1=Jon \|date=January 10, 2014 \|title=CNN's Tapper: Obama has used Espionage Act more than all previous administrations \|url=http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2014/jan/10/jake-tapper/cnns-tapper-obama-has-used-espionage-act-more-all-/ \|website=PolitiFact \|access-date=13 July 2014}}</ref> "Leaks related to national security can put people at risk," the President said at a news conference in 2013. "They can put men and women in uniform that I've sent into the battlefield at risk. I don't think the American people would expect me, as commander in chief, not to be concerned about information that might compromise their missions or might get them killed."<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Wilson \|first1=Scott \|date=May 16, 2013 \|title=Obama: 'No apologies' for leaks investigation \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/05/16/obama-no-apologies-for-leaks-investigation/ \|newspaper=The Washington Post \|access-date=July 13, 2014}}</ref> * '''[[Jeffrey Alexander Sterling]]''', a former [[Central Intelligence Agency\|CIA]] officer was indicted under the Act in January 2011 for alleged unauthorized disclosure of national defense information to [[James Risen]], a reporter for ''[[The New York Times]]'', in 2003. Risen published the leaked material in his 2006 book ''[[James Risen#State of War\|State of War]]'', which revealed details about the CIA's covert spy war with Iran. Risen refused to reveal the source of his information when subpoenaed twice by the Justice Department. The indictment stated that Sterling's motive was revenge for the CIA's refusal to allow him to publish his memoirs and its refusal to settle his racial discrimination lawsuit against the Agency.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Thomas \|first=Pierre \|date=June 1, 2011 \|title=Former CIA Agent Jeffrey Sterling Arrested, Accused of Leaking to Reporter as Revenge \|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/Blotter/cia-agent-jeffrey-sterling-arrested-accused-leaking-reporter/story?id=12557291&page=1 \|work=ABC News \|access-date=March 12, 2011}}</ref>

Espionage Act of 1917: Difference between revisions