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Falangism: Difference between revisions

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The original Falangist party, FE de las JONS, merged with the [[Carlism|Carlists]] in 1937 following the [[Unification Decree (Spain, 1937)|Unification Decree]] of [[Francisco Franco]], to form FET y de las JONS. This new Falange was meant to incorporate all Nationalist political factions and became the sole political party of [[Francoist Spain]].<ref name="Stanley G. Payne 1999. p. 273">Stanley G. Payne. ''Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977''. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: Wisconsin University Press, 1999. p. 273.</ref> The merger was opposed by some of the original Falangists, such as [[Manuel Hedilla]].
 
Falangism places a strong emphasis on the [[National Catholicism|Roman Catholic religious identity of Spain]].<ref name="García-Fernández 2022">{{cite journal |author-last=García-Fernández |author-first=Mónica |date=February 2022 |title=From National Catholicism to Romantic Love: The Politics of Love and Divorce in Franco's Spain |journal=[[Contemporary European History]] |location=[[Cambridge]] and [[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=31 |issue=1, Special Issue: ''The Contemporary European History Prize'' |pages=2–14 |doi=10.1017/S0960777321000515 |doi-access=free |issn=1469-2171}}</ref> However, it has held some secular views on the [[Catholic Church]]'s direct influence on Spanish society,<ref name="García-Fernández 2022"/> since one of the tenets of the Falangist ideology holds that [[Sovereignty|the state should have the supreme authority over the nation]].<ref name="StanleyPayne">Stanley Payne. ''A History of Fascism, 1914–1945''. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. p. 261.</ref> Falangism emphasizes the need for [[Totalitarianism|total authority]], [[Social stratification|hierarchy]], andalong with [[Social order|order]] in society.<ref name="StanleyPayne"/> Like fascism, Falangism is [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]], [[Anti-democratic thought|anti-democratic]], as well as [[Liberalism#Criticism and support|anti-liberal]].<ref>Ellwood, pp. 99–101.</ref><ref name="Wayne">Bowen, p. 152.</ref>
 
The Falange's original [[manifesto]], the "[[Twenty-Six Point Program of the Falange|Twenty-Seven Point Program of the Falange]]", declared Falangism to support the unity of Spain and the elimination of regional separatism, the establishment of a [[dictatorship]] led by the Falange, using [[political violence]] as a means to regenerate Spain, and promoting the revival and development of the [[Spanish Empire]], all attributes that it had in common with fascism. The manifesto also called for a [[National syndicalism|national syndicalist]] economy and advocated [[agrarian reform]]s, [[Industrialization|industrial expansion]], and respect for [[private property]] with the exception of nationalizing [[Credit (finance)|credit]] facilities to prevent [[usury]].<ref name="HansRogger">Hans Rogger, Eugen Weber.'' The European Right''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; London: University of Cambridge Press, 1965. p. 195.</ref>