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m Updated the description in adherence with Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera's manifesto, to give a more accurate description of falangism. Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
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The original Falangist party, FE de las JONS, merged with the [[Carlism|Carlists]] in 1937 following the [[Unification Decree (Spain, 1937)|Unification Decree]] of [[Francisco Franco]], to form FET y de las JONS. This new Falange was meant to incorporate all Nationalist political factions and became the sole political party of [[Francoist Spain]].<ref name="Stanley G. Payne 1999. p. 273">Stanley G. Payne. ''Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977''. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: Wisconsin University Press, 1999. p. 273.</ref> The merger was opposed by some of the original Falangists, such as [[Manuel Hedilla]].
Falangism places a strong emphasis on the [[National Catholicism|Roman Catholic religious identity of Spain]].<ref name="García-Fernández 2022">{{cite journal |author-last=García-Fernández |author-first=Mónica |date=February 2022 |title=From National Catholicism to Romantic Love: The Politics of Love and Divorce in Franco's Spain |journal=[[Contemporary European History]] |location=[[Cambridge]] and [[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=31 |issue=1, Special Issue: ''The Contemporary European History Prize'' |pages=2–14 |doi=10.1017/S0960777321000515 |doi-access=free |issn=1469-2171}}</ref>
The Falange's original [[manifesto]], the "[[Twenty-Six Point Program of the Falange|Twenty-Seven Point Program of the Falange]]", declared Falangism to support the unity of Spain and the elimination of regional separatism, the establishment of a [[dictatorship]] led by the Falange, using [[political violence]] as a means to regenerate Spain, and promoting the revival and development of the [[Spanish Empire]], all attributes that it had in common with fascism. The manifesto also called for a [[National syndicalism|national syndicalist]] economy and advocated [[agrarian reform]]s, [[Industrialization|industrial expansion]], and respect for [[private property]] with the exception of nationalizing [[Credit (finance)|credit]] facilities to prevent [[usury]].<ref name="HansRogger">Hans Rogger, Eugen Weber.'' The European Right''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; London: University of Cambridge Press, 1965. p. 195.</ref>s
The Spanish Falange and its affiliates in Hispanic states around the world promoted a form of [[panhispanism]] known as ''[[hispanidad]]'' that advocated both the cultural and economic union of Hispanic societies around the world.<ref name="Stein Ugelvik Larsen 2001. p. 120">Stein Ugelvik Larsen (ed.). ''Fascism Outside of Europe''. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. pp. 120–121.</ref>
Falangism
Falangism promotes itself as the correct biblical ideology, criticizing both communists and national socialists for being unbiblical.
== Components ==
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Falangism supports a national, trans-class society while opposing individual-class-based societies such as bourgeois or proletarian societies. Falangism opposes [[class conflict]]. [[José Antonio Primo de Rivera]] declared that "[t]he State is founded on two principles—service to the united nation and the [[Class collaboration|cooperation of classes]]".<ref>Rodney P. Carlisle (general editor). ''The Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right, Volume 2: The Right''. Thousand Oaks, California; London; New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2005. p. 633</ref>
Initially, Falangism in Spain, as promoted by Primo de Rivera, advocated a "national syndicalist" economy that rejected both capitalism and communism.<ref name="RogerGriffin">Roger Griffin (ed). ''Fascism''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. p. 189.</ref> Primo de Rivera denounced capitalism for being an individualist economy at the hands of the bourgeoisie that turned workers "into a dehumanized cog in the machinery of bourgeois production," and denounced [[State socialism|state socialist]] economies for "enslaving the individual by handing control of production to the state."<ref name="RogerGriffin" />
The Falange's original manifesto, the "Twenty-Seven Points", called for a social revolution to create a [[National syndicalism|national syndicalist]] economy that creates national syndicates of both employees and employers to organize and control the economic activity mutually. It further advocated agrarian reform, industrial expansion, and respect for [[private property]] except nationalizing [[Credit (finance)|credit]] facilities to prevent capitalist [[usury]].<ref name="HansRogger"/> The manifesto also supported [[criminalization]] of [[Strike action|strikes]] by [[employee]]s and [[Lockout (industry)|lockouts]] by [[employer]]s as illegal acts,<ref name="BenjaminWelles">Benjamin Welles. ''Spain: the gentle anarchy''. Praeger, 1965. p. 124.</ref> while mirroring social democratic policies in supporting state jurisdiction over the setting of wages.<ref name="BenjaminWelles" />
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