Falangism: Difference between revisions

Falangism places a strong emphasis on the [[National Catholicism|Roman Catholic religious identity of Spain]].<ref name="García-Fernández 2022">{{cite journal |author-last=García-Fernández |author-first=Mónica |date=February 2022 |title=From National Catholicism to Romantic Love: The Politics of Love and Divorce in Franco's Spain |journal=[[Contemporary European History]] |location=[[Cambridge]] and [[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=31 |issue=1, Special Issue: ''The Contemporary European History Prize'' |pages=2–14 |doi=10.1017/S0960777321000515 |doi-access=free |issn=1469-2171}}</ref> FalangismHowever, promotesit cooperationhas betweenheld bothsome Churchsecular andviews Stateon to combatthe [[HeresyCatholic in Christianity|HeresyChurch]]'s anddirect antiinfluence on Spanish society,<ref name="García-ChristianFernández beliefs.2022"/> Falangismsince emphasizesone of the needtenets forof the Falangist ideology holds that [[TotalitarianismSovereignty|totalthe authority]],state [[Socialshould stratification|hierarchy]],have andthe [[Socialsupreme order|orderauthority over the nation]] in society.<ref name="StanleyPayne">Stanley Payne. ''A History of Fascism, 1914–1945''. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. p. 261.</ref> Falangism emphasizes the need for [[Totalitarianism|total authority]], [[Social stratification|hierarchy]], and [[Social order|order]] in society.<ref name="StanleyPayne"/> Like fascism, Falangism is [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]], [[Anti-democratic thought|anti-democratic]], and [[Liberalism#Criticism and support|anti-liberal]].<ref>Ellwood, pp. 99–101.</ref><ref name="Wayne">Bowen, p. 152.</ref>

The Falange's original [[manifesto]], the "[[Twenty-Six Point Program of the Falange|Twenty-Seven Point Program of the Falange]]", declared Falangism to support the unity of Spain and the elimination of regional separatism, the establishment of a [[dictatorship]] led by the Falange, using [[political violence]] as a means to regenerate Spain, and promoting the revival and development of the [[Spanish Empire]], all attributes that it had in common with fascism. The manifesto also called for a [[National syndicalism|national syndicalist]] economy and advocated [[agrarian reform]]s, [[Industrialization|industrial expansion]], and respect for [[private property]] with the exception of nationalizing [[Credit (finance)|credit]] facilities to prevent [[usury]].<ref name="HansRogger">Hans Rogger, Eugen Weber.'' The European Right''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press; London: University of Cambridge Press, 1965. p. 195.</ref>s

Falangism considershas itself enemies ofattacked both the political [[Left-wing politics|left]] and the [[Right-wing politics|right]], however,as [[communism]]its is"enemies", thedeclaring greatestitself enemyto ofbe Falangism.neither Unlikeleft manynor otherright, fascistbut movements, includinga [[NazismSyncretic politics|syncretic]], Falangism declares itself a [[Third Position|third position]],. inSome whichalso [[Ethnicstate nationalism|ethno-nationalism]]they islean non-existent,more instead,towards nationalismauthoritarian isconservativism.<ref achievedname="RogerGriffin">Roger throughGriffin [[Christian(ed). nationalism|Christian''Fascism''. nationalismOxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.]] p. 189.</ref> Scholarly sources reviewing Falangism place it on the [[Far-right politics|far right]] of the [[political spectrum]].<ref>Rodney P. Carlisle (general editor). ''The Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right, Volume 2: The Right''. Thousand Oaks, California; London; New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2005. p. 633.</ref>

Initially, Falangism in Spain, as promoted by Primo de Rivera, advocated a "national syndicalist" economy that rejected both capitalism and communism.<ref name="RogerGriffin">Roger Griffin (ed). ''Fascism''. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. p. 189.</ref> Primo de Rivera denounced capitalism for being an individualist economy at the hands of the bourgeoisie that turned workers "into a dehumanized cog in the machinery of bourgeois production," and denounced [[State socialism|state socialist]] economies for "enslaving the individual by handing control of production to the state."<ref name="RogerGriffin" />