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Fiat ESVs: Difference between revisions

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m Undid revision 1222902209 by Mr.choppers (talk) The whole article is written in the present. History doesn't have to be written in the past time :)
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As main differences with the standard cars they are based on, the three Fiat ESVs have in common: a reinforced inner skeleton, big polyurethane bumpers (in two versions: one developed by [[Pirelli]] with air chambers, the other filled with foam)<ref name = alk>{{cite book | last = Kuipers | first = Hans | title = Veiligheidsauto's | trans-title = Safety cars | publisher = Uitgeverij De Alk bv | series = Grote Alken | volume = 650 | date = 1973 | page = 70 | language = nl | isbn = 90-6013-650-0}}</ref> at both ends with matching side protection strips, and a padded interior. The weight increase varies between 43% for the largest model and 50% for the smallest model. Also the production cost goes up, between 37% and 43%.<ref name = "4th" >{{cite conference | last = Montanari | first = Vittorio | title = Report on the Fourth International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles | publisher = Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration | date = March 13–16, 1973 | location = Kyoto, Japan | pages = 2/443-2/475}}</ref> Due to the higher weight, the cars all need a larger engine than standard, and the fuel consumption increases. Also the suspension is enforced and the wheels and tires are a size bigger than standard.
 
In all, Fiat produced 47 ESV vehicles between 1972 and 1974, at a total cost of 4.5 billion Lire (40-50 million euros).<ref>{{cite web | last = Simoni | first = Mario | title = Fiat, I prototipi ESV e la scommessa dell'auto sicura | trans-title = Fiat, the ESV prototypes and the safe car challenge | website = ruoteclassiche.quattroruote.it | publisher = EditorialeDomus | date = March 13, 2019 | url = https://ruoteclassiche.quattroruote.it/fiat-prototipi-esv-auto-sicura/ | access-date = May 8, 2024}}</ref> None of the experimental models designed by Fiat (or the other companies participating in this automotive safety experiment) mademakes it to mass production, but many elements can be seen on production models in the years to follow. Examples of the Fiat ESVs are the shock absorbing bumpers, fuel tank behind the rear seat and reinforced passenger cell with side impact protection bars in the doors of the [[Fiat 131]], introduced in 1974 for Europe and in 1975 for the USA.<ref name = sannia>{{cite book | last = Sannia | first = Alessandro | title = Fiat 131| publisher = Società Editrice Il Cammello | series = Collana Historica | volume = 12 | date = 2013 | page = 14 | language = it | isbn = 978-88-96796-21-4}}</ref>
 
Most of the Fiat ESVs wereare scrapped, but three wereare kept and are on display at the Heritage HUB in [[Turin]], Italy.
 
==Fiat ESV 1500==
[[File:Fiat ESV 1500.jpg|thumb|Fiat ESV 1500]]
The ESV 1500 project commencedcommences before the NHSB invitation to join the program. It is derived from the [[Fiat 500]], with rear engine and rear-wheel drive, and wasis presented at the 1972 convention in Washington DC. Originally, it weighedweighs no more than the targeted {{cvt|680|kg|lb}}, with styling done by the engineers, who borrowedborrow certain elements from the yet-to-be-released [[Fiat 126]]. After the presentation, Fiat updatedupdates the experimental model for the 1973 presentation in Kyoto as the first versions would not pass the frontal pole collision test.
 
The extra reinforcements mean that the eventual prototype weighedweighs {{cvt|780|kg|lb}}. This means it is above the target of {{cvt|1500|lbs}}. Because of its weight, it is fitted with an enlarged engine: 600 cc instead of 500 cc. One of the safety features that Fiat also tests in the ESV 1500, is the use of airbags, among other restraint systems. The conclusion is that at that time, there is no satisfactory restraint system for speeds of {{cvt|50|mph}} for a car of this size, including airbags.<ref name="4th" /> In total, thirteen ESV 1500 prototypes are built.<ref name = "ed8">{{cite book |title=All the Fiats |date=1996 |publisher=EditorialeDomus |page=528}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://smallcarsclub.com/catalog/fiat/fiat-esv-1500/ | title = Fiat ESV 1500 | website = www.smallcarsclub.com | access-date = 8 May 2024}}</ref>
 
==Fiat ESV 2000==
[[File:Fiat ESV 2000.jpg|thumb|Fiat ESV 2000]]
The ESV 2000 wasis first presented in 1973, in Kyoto. It has five doors and front wheel drive; it is derived from the [[Fiat 128|128]]. The engine displacement is 1300 cc instead of 1100 cc, because the car weighs {{cvt|360|kg|lb|0}} more than the standard model. For the styling of this car, Fiat Centro Stile wasis asked to make the proposals. While the original Fiat 128 wasis not marketed with five doors Fiat decideddecides to add a tailgate for the ESV 2000 to provide an additional emergency exit.
 
Also, the windshield is deeply curved so it sits further from the front occupants' heads than in the 128, without any change in the position and rake of the original A-pillars. The roof is slightly raised from the B-pillar aft, to allow for an extra strong roll-over bar.<ref>{{cite web | title = 1972 Fiat ESV 2000 | url = http://www.archivioprototipi.it/italia/fiat/esv2000.html | website = www.archivioprototipi.it | access-date = 8 May 2024 }}</ref> Finally, the spare wheel is moved from the engine bay to the trunk and the fuel tank is moved forward from below the trunk to right behind the passenger compartment. In testing, the concessions to the styling of the car that the Centro Stile wanted, turnedturn out to have negative consequences for the crash test results. Twenty examples of the ESV 2000 wereare built.
 
==Fiat ESV 2500==
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