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As main differences with the standard cars they are based on, the three Fiat ESVs have in common: a reinforced inner skeleton, big polyurethane bumpers (in two versions: one developed by [[Pirelli]] with air chambers, the other filled with foam)<ref name = alk>{{cite book | last = Kuipers | first = Hans | title = Veiligheidsauto's | trans-title = Safety cars | publisher = Uitgeverij De Alk bv | series = Grote Alken | volume = 650 | date = 1973 | page = 70 | language = nl | isbn = 90-6013-650-0}}</ref> at both ends with matching side protection strips, and a padded interior. The weight increase varies between 43% for the largest model and 50% for the smallest model. Also the production cost goes up, between 37% and 43%.<ref name = "4th" >{{cite conference | last = Montanari | first = Vittorio | title = Report on the Fourth International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles | publisher = Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration | date = March 13–16, 1973 | location = Kyoto, Japan | pages = 2/443-2/475}}</ref> Due to the higher weight, the cars all need a larger engine than standard, and the fuel consumption increases. Also the suspension is enforced and the wheels and tires are a size bigger than standard.
In all, Fiat produced 47 ESV vehicles between 1972 and 1974, at a total cost of 4.5 billion Lire (40-50 million euros).<ref>{{cite web | last = Simoni | first = Mario | title = Fiat, I prototipi ESV e la scommessa dell'auto sicura | trans-title = Fiat, the ESV prototypes and the safe car challenge | website = ruoteclassiche.quattroruote.it | publisher = EditorialeDomus | date = March 13, 2019 | url = https://ruoteclassiche.quattroruote.it/fiat-prototipi-esv-auto-sicura/ | access-date = May 8, 2024}}</ref> None of the experimental models designed by Fiat (or the other companies participating in this automotive safety experiment)
Most of the Fiat ESVs
==Fiat ESV 1500==
[[File:Fiat ESV 1500.jpg|thumb|Fiat ESV 1500]]
The ESV 1500 project
The extra reinforcements mean that the eventual prototype
==Fiat ESV 2000==
[[File:Fiat ESV 2000.jpg|thumb|Fiat ESV 2000]]
The ESV 2000
Also, the windshield is deeply curved so it sits further from the front occupants' heads than in the 128, without any change in the position and rake of the original A-pillars. The roof is slightly raised from the B-pillar aft, to allow for an extra strong roll-over bar.<ref>{{cite web | title = 1972 Fiat ESV 2000 | url = http://www.archivioprototipi.it/italia/fiat/esv2000.html | website = www.archivioprototipi.it | access-date = 8 May 2024 }}</ref> Finally, the spare wheel is moved from the engine bay to the trunk and the fuel tank is moved forward from below the trunk to right behind the passenger compartment. In testing, the concessions to the styling of the car that the Centro Stile wanted,
==Fiat ESV 2500==
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