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== Etymology ==
The English word
According to a Norwegian dictionary, the root meaning of ''krake'' is "malformed or overgrown, crooked tree".<ref name="UIB"/> It originates from [[Old Norse]] {{lang|non|kraki}}, which is etymologically related to Old Norse {{lang|non|krókr}}, {{literally|hook}}, [[cognate]] with "crook". This is backed up by the [[Swedish language|Swedish]] dictionary [[SAOB]], published by the [[Swedish Academy]], which gives essentially the exact same description for the word in Swedish and confirming the lead ''krak'' as a [[diminutive form]] of ''krok'', Norwegian and Swedish for 'hook/crook' (''krake'' thus roughly translate to "crookie").<ref name="krake sbst.4"/> With time, "krake" have come to mean any severed tree stem or trunk with crooked outgrowths, in turn giving name to objects and tools based on such, notably for the subject matter, primitive [[anchor]]s and ''drags'' ([[grapnel anchor]]s) made from severed spruce tops or branchy bush trunks outfitted with a stone sinker,<ref name="UIB"/><ref name="krake sbst.4"/> known as ''krake'', but also ''krabbe'' in Norwegian or ''krabba'' in Swedish ({{literally|crab}}).{{efn|{{lang-no|Krabbe}}, {{lang-sv|krabba}} ({{literally|crab}}) as a word for ''drag'' ([[grapnel anchor]]) is assumed to be figuratively derived from the animal of the same name, as both shares the nature of crawling on the sea bed. The word stems from {{lang-non|krabbi}}, etymologically root cognate with {{lang-gml|krabbe}}, {{lang-ang|crabba}}, 'to crawl'.<ref name="krabba sbst.1"/><ref name="krabba sbst.2"/><ref name="credibility"/>}} Old Norse {{lang|non|kraki}} mostly corresponds to these uses in modern [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], meaning, among other things, "twig" and "drag", but also "pole
[[File:Trädragg.jpg|thumb|Old style Scandinavian drag ([[grapnel anchor]]) made from the top of a tree, historically known as ''krake'' or ''krabbe'' in the [[Scandinavian languages]], probably the root for the naming of the mythological monster.]]
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== Literary influences ==
[[File:20000 squid holding sailor.jpg|thumb|upright|An illustration from the original 1870 edition of ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the
The French novelist [[Victor Hugo]]'s ''Les Travailleurs de la mer'' (1866, "[[Toilers of the Sea]]") discusses the man-eating octopus, the kraken of legend, called ''pieuvre'' by the locals of the [[Channel Islands]] (in the [[Guernésiais|Guernsey dialect]], etc.).<ref name="cahill"/><ref name="hugo1866"/>{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Hugo also produced an ink and wash sketch of the octopus.<ref name="weiss"/>}} Hugo's octopus later influenced [[Jules Verne]]'s depiction of the kraken in ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the
In the English-speaking world, examples in fine literature are [[Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson|Alfred Tennyson]]'s 1830 irregular [[sonnet]] ''[[The Kraken (poem)|The Kraken]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/tennyson/kraken.html |title=The Kraken (1830) |website=Victorianweb.org |date=2005-01-11 |access-date=2011-11-21}}</ref> references in [[Herman Melville]]'s 1851 novel ''[[Moby-Dick]]'' (Chapter 59 "Squid"),<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2701 |title=Moby Dick; Or, The Whale |last=Melville |first=Herman |author-link=Herman Melville |date=2001 |orig-year=1851 |publisher=[[Project Gutenberg]]}}</ref>
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<ref name="beck">{{citation|last=Beck |first=Thor Jensen |author-link=<!--Thor Jensen Beck (1882–1967), modern language professor--> |title=Northern Antiquities in French Learning and Literature (1755-1855): A Study in Preromantic Ideas |volume=2 |location= |publisher=Columbia university |date=1934|url={{GBurl|id=xywvAAAAIAAJ|q=Negri}} |page=199 |isbn=5-02-002481-3 |quote=Before Pontoppidan, the same " Krake ” had been taken very seriously by the Italian traveler, Francesco Negri }}</ref>
<ref name="bell">{{citation|last=Bell |first=F. Jeffrey |author-link=Francis Jeffrey Bell |title=XLIV. Some Notes on British Ophiurids |journal=Annals
<ref name="bhattacharjee">{{cite book|last=Bhattacharjee |first=Shuhita |author-link=<!--Shuhita Bhattacharjee--> |chapter=The Colonial Idol, the Animalistic, and the New Woman in the Imperial Gothic of Richard Marsh |editor1-last=Heholt |editor1-first=Ruth |editor1-link=<!--Ruth Heholt--> |editor2-last=Edmundson|editor2-first=Melissa |editor2-link=<!--Melissa Edmundson--> |title=Gothic Animals: Uncanny Otherness and the Animal With-Out |location= |publisher=Springer Nature |year=1657 |chapter-url={{GBurl|id=XWvDDwAAQBAJ|p=259}} |page=259 |isbn=978-3-030-34540-2}}</ref>
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