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Added a regional variation section along with more info in the opening. |
"Citation needed" seems out of place for a sentence linking to another, existing Wikipedia article. Do we need a citation documenting that another wikipedia article exists? Or can we just link to that article? Does wiki require both self-linking and self-citation? |
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Hawaiian Pidgin originated on [[sugarcane]] [[Sugar plantations in Hawaii|plantation]]s in 1835 as a form of communication used between Hawaiian speaking [[Native Hawaiian]] residents, English speaking residents, and foreign immigrants.<ref name="nō ka ʻoi">{{cite web |url=http://www.mauinokaoimag.com/Maui-Magazine/January-February-2008/Da-Muddah-Tongue/ |title=Da Muddah Tongue |first=Kathy |last=Collins |work=www.mauinokaoimag.com – Maui nō ka ʻoi Magazine |date=January–February 2008 |oclc=226379163 |location=Wailuku, HI, USA |access-date=October 18, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605130329/http://www.mauinokaoimag.com/Maui-Magazine/January-February-2008/Da-Muddah-Tongue/ |archive-date=June 5, 2013 }}</ref><ref name=":14"/> It supplanted, and was influenced by, the existing [[pidgin]] that Native Hawaiians already used on plantations and elsewhere in Hawaiʻi. Since such sugarcane plantations often hired workers from many different countries, a [[trade language|common language]] was needed in order for the plantation workers to communicate effectively with each other and their supervisors.<ref name="langnet">{{cite web|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/satocenter/langnet/definitions/hce.html#bkgd-hce|title=Hawai'i Creole English|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref> Hawaiian Pidgin has been influenced by many different languages, including [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]], [[American English]], and [[Cantonese language|Cantonese]] {{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}. As people of other backgrounds were brought in to work on the plantations, Hawaiian Pidgin acquired even more words from languages such as [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]], [[Okinawan language|Okinawan]] and [[Korean language|Korean]].
The article [[Japanese loanwords in Hawaii]] lists some of those words originally from Japanese
Hawaiian Pidgin was created mainly to provide communication and facilitate cooperation between the foreign laborers and the English-speaking Americans in order to do business on the plantations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eyeofhawaii.com/Pidgin/pidgin.htm|title=Eye of Hawaii – Pidgin, The Unofficial Language of Hawaii|access-date=20 November 2014}}</ref> Even today, Hawaiian Pidgin retains some influences from these languages. For example, the word "stay" in Hawaiian Pidgin has a form and use similar to the Hawaiian verb "noho", Portuguese verb "ficar" or Spanish "estar", which mean "to be" but are used only when referring to a temporary state or location.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
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