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{{Infobox Vienna Districtsettlement
| name = Hernals
| native_name = {{native name|bar-AT|Hernois}}
|number = 17th
| settlement_type = 17th District of Vienna
|image_coat = Wien Wappen Hernals.png
| image_shield = Wien - Bezirk Hernals, Wappen.svg
|image_district image_map = Kartewien17.png
|area = 11.35
| map_caption = Location of the district within Vienna
|population = 47,610
| subdivision_type = Country
|population_year = 2007-01-01
| subdivision_name = [[Austria]]
|population_footnotes = <ref name=SA/>▼
| subdivision_type1 = City
|zip_code = A-1170
| subdivision_name1 = [[Vienna]]
|district_office_address = Elterleinplatz 14<br/>A-1170 Wien▼
| leader_title = {{nowrap|District Director}}
|website = www.wien.gv.at/bezirke/hernals/▼
|district_director leader_name = [[Ilse Pfeffer]] ([[SPÖ]])
| leader_title1 = First Deputy
|first_deputy = [[Peter-Erick Sas]] ([[SPÖ]])
|second_deputy leader_name1 = [[DietmarPeter-Erick HebenstreitSas]] ([[FPÖSPÖ]])
| leader_title2 = {{nowrap|Second Deputy}}
|representation_count = 40
| leader_name2 = [[Dietmar Hebenstreit]] ([[FPÖ]])
|representation = [[SPÖ]] 16, [[FPÖ]] 9,<br /> [[Austrian Green Party|Green]] 8, [[ÖVP]] 7▼
| leader_title3 = Representation<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-weight:normal">(40 Members)</span>
▲|representation leader_name3 = [[SPÖ]] 16, [[FPÖ]] 9,<br /> [[Austrian Green Party|Green]] 8, [[ÖVP]] 7
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 11.35
▲| population_footnotes = <ref name=SA/>
| population_total = 56342
| population_as_of = 2016-01-01
| population_density_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Austria|Postal code]]
| postal_code = A-1170
| blank_name_sec1 = Address of <br />District Office
▲|district_office_address blank_info_sec1 = Elterleinplatz 14<br/>A-1170 Wien
▲| website = {{website|www.wien.gv.at/bezirke/hernals/}}
}}
'''Hernals''' ({{IPA|de|hɛʁˈnals|-|De-at Hernals.ogg}}; {{lang-bar|label=[[Viennese German|Viennese]]: |Hernois}}) is the 17th [[Districts of Vienna|district]] of [[Vienna]], Austria]] ([[German language{{lang-de|German]]: ''17. Bezirk, Hernals''}}).
Hernals is in northwest Vienna.<ref name="SA">Statistik Austria, 2007, webpage: [http://www.<!--
Statistik Austria, 2007, webpage: [http://www.<!--
-->statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/bevoelkerung/<!--
-->bevoelkerungsstand_jahres-_und_quartalswerte/<!--
-->bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023450.html<!--
--> statistik.at-23450] {{Cite web |url=http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_jahres-_und_quartalswerte/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023450.html |title=STATISTIK AUSTRIA - Bevölkerung zu Jahres-/Quartalsanfang |access-date=2017-11-03 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080530015219/http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_jahres-_und_quartalswerte/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023450.html |archive-date=2008-05-30 |url-status=dead }}.</ref><ref name="GVH">
--> statistik.at-23450].
</ref><ref name="GVH">
Wien.gv.at webpage (see below: References).
</ref>
It was annexed in 1892 out of the townships of [[Hernals (township)|Hernals]], [[Dornbach (Vienna)|Dornbach]], and [[Neuwaldegg]].
 
== Geography ==
[[Image:Wien-Hernals Michaelerberg und Schafberg 31032005.JPG|thumb|250px|Michaelerberg and Schafberg.]]
The district of Hernals stretches out along the canals of the [[Als River]] west of [[Vienna]] between the [[Vienna Woods|Wienerwald]] (Vienna Forest) and the [[Gürtel, Vienna|Gürtel]] (a main street around inner Vienna). The Als is the second-longest stream (the longest is the [[Wien River]]) to flow from the Wienerwald into the [[Danube]]. The highest point, at 464 meters, is [[Heuberg (Vienna)|Heuberg]]. The original ''[[Vorort]]e'' of [[Hernals (Township)|Hernals]], [[Dornbach]], and [[Neuwaldegg]] were annexed in 1892 and form the heart of the 17th district. The houses in the central areas were built around the turn of the 19th&ndash;20th centuries during the [[Gründerzeit]]. Further out, the original farmer houses remain, often with gardens and villas added on. Farmland composes about 29.7% of the land area of the district, and transportation support buildings compose about 10.3% of the area. With about 59.6% of the area populated with greenery, Hernals is one of the greenest districts in Vienna, with 39.6% forest and 14% smaller gardens and meadows. Agriculture composes only 1.4% and plays little role today. The wineries have mostly retreated into the hills of [[Schafberg (Salzkammergut)|Schafberg]] and belong to the Roman Catholic parish of Dornbach.
 
=== Land use ===
The developed area of Hernals covers 29.7% (Vienna city-widecitywide: 33.3%) of the district area. The proportion of residential area in the built-space is 90.9%, the 2nd highest in Vienna.
Accordingly, the proportion of farm land (2.8%) and land for the cultural, religious, sporting or public sector (5.4%), in the developed area, is limited.
 
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The proportion of trafficked area in the district is 10.3%, very low. Waters cover 0.4% of the district area.
<ref name="MA5F">"Magistratsabteilung 5 (MA5): Nutzungsarten nach Bezirken"
"Magistratsabteilung 5 (MA5): Nutzungsarten nach Bezirken"
("Usage by District"), www.wien.gv.at, PDF file:
<!--//www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/nutzungsarten.pdf-->
[http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/<!--
-->wien-oe-flaeche.pdf wien.gv.at-flaeche-PDF] {{Cite web |url=http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/wien-oe-flaeche.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305231851/http://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/daten/pdf/wien-oe-flaeche.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-05 |url-status=dead }}.</ref>
-->wien-oe-flaeche.pdf wien.gv.at-flaeche-PDF].
</ref>
<!--GERMAN version 31Dec08:
Die Baufläche von Hernals umfasst 29,7 % (Wienweit 33,3 %) der Bezirksfläche. Der Anteil von Wohnbaufläche am gesamten Bauland beträgt 90,9 %, der zweithöchste Anteil in Wien. Dementsprechend ist der Anteil der Betriebsbaugebiete (2,8 %) sowie Flächen die dem kulturellen, religiösen, sportlichen oder öffentlichen Bereich (5,4 %) an der Baufläche gering. Grünflächen nehmen in Hernals 59,6 % ein, womit Hernals der drittgrünste Bezirk ist. 66,5 % der Grünfläche entfallen auf Wälder, 12,1 % auf Wiesen und 11,4 % auf Kleingärten. Auf Sport- und Freizeitflächen (3,7 %) und landwirtschaftliche Nutzfläche (2,4 %) nehmen nur einen geringen Umfang der Hernalser Grünfläche ein. Das einst bedeutende Weinbaugebiet ist bis auf einen letzten Rest am Kleinen Schafberg verschwunden. Der Anteil der Verkehrsflächen am Bezirksgebiet ist mit 10,3 % sehr gering, Gewässer nehmen 0,4 % des Bezirksgebietes ein.-->
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|---- style="background:#FFFFFF" align=center
|Residences
|Operations
|Oper-<br>ations
|Public Facilities
|Farms
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== History ==
 
=== Hernals to 1918 ===
[[Image:Wien-Neuwaldegg Artariastrasse 31032005.JPG|thumb|250px|Artariastrasse in [[Neuwaldegg]].]]
Archaeological digs place the first settlements in the Hernals district in the [[Neolithic]] Era, near the Als Stream, whose waters were teaming with fish. Digs from the [[Roman Empire|Roman times]] reveal brickyards near today's Elterleinplatz. During the [[Middle Ages]], the villages (''[[Vororte]]'') of [[Hernals (Township)]] and [[Dornbach]] were built along the Als, while [[Neuwaldegg]] was founded at the start of the [[Modern Age|Modern Era]].
 
The founding of Hernals as the 17th district of Vienna came during the end of the 19th century. After the suburb cities (''[[Vorstädte]]'') of Vienna were annexed in 1850, discussions began in the 1870s to annex more of the surrounding areas. Although the areas were against such an annexation, [[Emperor]] [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph I]] declared in 1888 that it would be so. The decree took effect on January 1, 1892 and united [[Hernals (Township)|Hernals]], [[Dornbach]], and [[Neuwaldegg]] together as the 17th district. At that time, the Hernals township was the most significant of the three and was the most populous township of [[Lower Austria]] beside [[Vienna]].
 
In 1890, 74,657 people and 1,803 houses composed the newly established district. District director Kretschek and the advisor of the Hernals township Sebastian Grünbeck re-established the St. Anna Chapel, the building of the Jörgerbad spa, the building of various schools, administration of the streets, and expansions of the Hernals cemetery. In 1894, the city wall was torn down and the rail lines were built. The Hernalser Market was moved to Zimmermannplatz.
 
=== Hernals 1919-1945 ===
[[Image:Wien-Dornbach St. Annakapelle 31032005.JPG|thumb|250px|St. Anna Chapel in [[Dornbach (Vienna)|Dornbach]].]]
After [[World War I]], the [[social democracy|social democrats]] initiated the municipal construction of housing estates (''[[Gemeindebau]]ten'') in Hernals. In 1922, [[Karl Ehn]] built 164 new apartments in Balderichgasse. The largest ''Gemeindebau'' erected between the world wars in Hernals was completed in 1929 in Wattgasse, where 294 apartments were built. The expansion was halted due to financial pressures in the [[Austrian government]], and the number of community apartments remained below the Vienna average at 1,467.
 
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** 14.7% come from [[Turkey]]
** 9.7% come from [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]]
** 4.8% come from [[Somalia]]
 
=== Religious denominations ===
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== Politics ==
 
=== District Government ===
{|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em;"
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=== Coat of arms ===
[[Image:Wien Wappen- Bezirk Hernals, Wappen.pngsvg|left|130px]]
The [[coat of arms]] of Hernals is divided into three parts, which represent the former three constituent parts: Hernals, Dornbach, and Neuwaldegg.
 
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== Culture and sights ==
[[ImageFile:Hernals (Wien) - Kalvarienbergkirche.jpgJPG|thumb|200px|rightupright|Kalvarienbergkirche.]]
 
=== Sightseeing ===
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== Economy and Infrastructure ==
 
=== Public Facilities ===
The only hospital in Hernals is the ''Krankenhaus Göttlicher Heiland'' (Hospital of the Divine Saviour), built by the congregation of the ''Schwestern vom göttlichen Erlöser'' (an order of Catholics called the [[Salvatorian]]s) in 1935. The area also has two spas/bathhouses: the Schafbergbad and the more traditional Jörgerbad, which was built in 1914 after the style of the Vienna workshops.
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== Sister district ==
The sister district of Hernals is [[Fuchu, Tokyo|Fuchū]]. The cherry trees in Lidlpark are a gift from the sister district. Classes from the [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] (school) Geblergasse visit the district.
[https://web.archive.org/web/20050507061118/http://www.grg17geblergasse.at/archiv/archiv6/japanprojekt/japan_seite1.htm]
[http://derstandard.at/?url=/?id=1661462]
 
==Sports==
[[Wiener Sport-Club]]'s traditional home is in the Dornbach quarter; it is one of the country's oldest athletics clubs. They play at the [[Sportklub Stadium]].
 
== Famous people ==
The most notable artists of Hernals are the composers [[Johann Schrammel|Johann]] and [[Josef Schrammel]], the actors [[Josef Meinrad]] and [[Ewald Balser]], the poet [[Ferdinand Sauter]], the writer [[Frederic Morton]], the church musician [[Josef V. von Wöss|Josef Venantius von Wöss]], the [[operetta]] composer [[Edmund Eysler]], and actress [[Marianne Schönauer]]. Furthermore, the architect [[Friedrich von Schmidt]], figure skater [[Ferdinand Sauter]], and the entrepreneur Josef [[:de:Manner|Manner]] (chocolate) also lived in Hernals. Also the [[poet]] and [[translation|translator]] [[Hans Werner Sokop]] lives in Hernals.
 
=== Other dwellers ===
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== References ==
<div style="font-size:91%">
:''[Parts of this article were translated from German Wikipedia.]''
* "Wien - 17. Bezirk/Hernals", Wien.gv.at, 2008, webpage (15 subpages): [http://www.wien.gv.at/bezirke/Hernals/ Wien.gv.at-hernals] (in German).
 
* [[Felix Czeike]], [[Walter Lugsch]]: ''Studien zur Sozialgeschichte von Ottakring und Hernals'' ("Social History of Ottakring und Hernals"). [[Jugend and Volk]], Vienna 1955.
* [[Peter Diem]], [[Michael Göbl]], [[Eva Saibel]]: ''Die Wiener Bezirke. Ihre Geschichte – Ihre Persönlichkeiten – Ihre Wappen'' ("The Vienna Districts: Their History - Their Personalities - Their Crests"). Vienna 2002, {{ISBN |978-3-85223-463-2}}.
* [[Helmut Kretschmer]]: ''Wiener Bezirkskulturführer: XVII. Hernals'' ("Vienna's District Cultural Leader: XVII. Hernals"). Jugend and Volk, Vienna 1983, {{ISBN |3-224-16241-4}}.
* [[Carola Leitner]]: ''Hernals: Wiens 17. Bezirk in alten Fotografien'' ("Hernals: Vienna's 17th District in Old Photographs"). [[Ueberreuter]], Vienna 2007, {{ISBN |978-3-8000-7304-7}}.
* [[Rudolf Spitzer]]: ''Hernals: zwischen Gürtel und Hameau''. [[Mohl]], Vienna 1991, {{ISBN |3-900272-39-5}}.
</div>
 
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050711004607/http://www.wien.gv.at/hernals/ Official Site of Hernals District] (''German'')
* [http://www.bezirksmuseum.at/hernals/page.asp/index.htm Hernals District Museum] (''German'')
* [http://www.rank.at Living in Hernals]
 
{{coord|48|13|57|N|16|16|46|E|region:AT-9_type:adm2nd|display=title}}
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{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Hernals| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Vienna]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernals"