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A '''hydrogen-powered aircraft''' is an [[aeroplane]] that uses [[hydrogen fuel]] as a power source. [[Hydrogen]] can either be burned in a [[jet engine]] or another kind of [[internal combustion engine]], or can be used to power a [[fuel cell]] to generate electricity to power an electric propulsor. It cannot be stored in a traditional [[wet wing]], and [[hydrogen tank]]s have to be housed in the fuselage or be supported by the wing.
Hydrogen, which can be produced from [[low-carbon power]] and can produce [[
==Hydrogen properties==
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== Emissions and environmental impact ==
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Hydrogen aircraft using a [[fuel cell]] design are [[zero emission]] in operation, whereas aircraft using hydrogen as a fuel for a [[jet engine]] or an [[internal combustion engine]] are zero emission for [[CO2|{{CO2}}]] (a [[greenhouse gas]] which contributes to global [[climate change]]) but not for [[NOx|{{NOx}}]] (a local [[
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Between April 2000 and May 2002, the [[European Commission]] funded half of the [[Airbus]]-led ''Cryoplane'' Study, assessing the configurations, systems, engines, infrastructure, safety, environmental compatibility and transition scenarios.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/G4RD-CT-2000-00192 |title= Liquid hydrogen fuelled aircraft - system analysis (CRYOPLANE) |publisher= European Commission}}</ref>
Multiple configurations were envisioned: a 12 passenger [[business jet]] with a {{cvt|3500|nmi|km}} range, [[regional airliner]] for 44 passengers over {{cvt|1500|nmi|km}} and 70 passengers over {{cvt|2000|nmi|km}}, a
In September 2020, Airbus presented three ''ZEROe'' hydrogen-fuelled concepts aiming for commercial service by 2035:<ref>{{cite press release |title= Airbus reveals new zero-emission concept aircraft |url= https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2020/09/airbus-reveals-new-zeroemission-concept-aircraft.html |publisher= Airbus |date=21 September 2020}}</ref> a 100-passenger turboprop, a 200-passenger turbofan, and a futuristic design based around a [[blended wing body]].<ref name=Hend2021>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210401-the-worlds-first-commercial-hydrogen-plane |access-date=5 August 2021 |title=The hydrogen revolution in the skies |last1=Henderson |first1=Caspar |author-link=Caspar Henderson |date=7 April 2021 |website=bbc.com |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref>
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In March 2021, [[Cranfield Aerospace]] Solutions announced the [[Project Fresson]] switched from batteries to hydrogen for the nine-passenger [[Britten-Norman Islander]] retrofit for a September 2022 demonstration.<ref>{{cite press release |title= Project Fresson to deliver world's first truly green passenger carrying airline services using hydrogen fuel cell technology |url= https://www.cranfieldaerospace.com/2021/project-fresson-hydrogen/ |publisher= Cranfield Aerospace Solutions|date=30 March 2021}}</ref> Project Fresson is supported by the [[Aerospace Technology Institute]] in partnership with the UK [[Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy]] and [[Innovate UK]].
[[Pratt & Whitney]] wants to associate its [[geared turbofan]] architecture with its Hydrogen Steam Injected, [[Intercooler|Inter‐Cooled]] Turbine Engine (HySIITE) project, to avoid carbon dioxide emissions, reduce [[nitrous oxide|NO<sub>x</sub>]] emissions by 80%, and
On 21 February 2022, the [[US Department of Energy]] through the OPEN21 scheme run by its [[Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy]] (ARPA-E) awarded P&W $3.8 million for a two-year early stage research initiative, to develop the [[combustor]] and the [[heat exchanger]] used to recover water vapour in the exhaust stream, injected into the combustor to increase its power, and into the [[compressor]] as an intercooler, and into the [[turbine]] as a coolant.<ref name=Flight1mar2022>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/engines/pandw-sees-2035-service-entry-potential-for-revolutionary-hydrogen-powerplant/147743.article |title= P&W sees 2035 service entry potential for revolutionary hydrogen powerplant |author= Dominic Perry |date= 1 March 2022 |work= Flightglobal}}</ref>
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*[[Reaction Engines Skylon]], orbital hydrogen fuelled [[spaceplane]]
*[[Reaction Engines A2]], antipodal hypersonic jet airliner
*[[
*[[ZeroAvia]] ([[Dornier 228#Hybrid-electric demonstrators|
*[[Universal Hydrogen]] (fuel cell powered Dash 8-300) the largest aircraft ever to cruise mainly on hydrogen power<ref>[https://www.popsci.com/technology/hydrogen-fuel-cell-aircraft-explained/ This plane powered by hydrogen has made an electrifying first flight], March 7, 2023</ref>
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==See also==
*[[Electric aircraft]]
*[[Aviation fuel#
==References==
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