Inland Northern American English: Difference between revisions

[[File:Inland North Map.jpg|thumb|upright=2|This map shows, with red circles, the exact cities identified within the Inland North dialect region, according to Labov et al.'s (2006) ''[[Atlas of North American English|ANAE]]''.]]

{{listen|filename=NPLighthouse.ogg|title=Speech example|description=An example of a female speaker from the [[Milwaukee]] area.}}

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'''Inland Northern''' ('''American''') '''English''',<ref>Kortmann, Bernd, Kate Burridge, Rajend Mesthrie, Edgar W. Schneider and Clive Upton (eds) (2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mtd3a-56ysUC& A Handbook of Varieties of English].'' Volume 1: Phonology, Volume 2: Morphology and Syntax. Berlin / New York: Mouton de Gruyter. p. xvi.</ref> also known in [[American linguistics]] as the '''Inland North''' or '''Great Lakes dialect''',<ref>Garn-Nunn, Pamela G.; Lynn, James M. (2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gjp3MWFuGSoC Calvert's Descriptive Phonetics]''. Thieme, p. 136.</ref> is an [[American English]] dialect spoken primarily by [[White Americans]] in a geographic band reaching from the major urban areas of [[Upstate New York]] westward along the [[Erie Canal]] and through much of the U.S. [[Great Lakes region]]. The most distinctive Inland Northern accents are spoken in [[Chicago]], [[Milwaukee]], [[Detroit]], [[Cleveland]], [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], and [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]].{{sfnp|Gordon|2004|p=297}} The dialect can be heard as far west as eastern [[Iowa]] and even among certain demographics in the [[Twin Cities, Minnesota]].<ref name="Chapman">Chapman, Kaila (2017). "The Northern Cities Shift: Minnesota's Ever-Changing Vowel Space". Macalester College: "The satisfaction of the three NCS measures was found only in the 35-55 year old male speakers. The three male speakers fully participating in the NCS had high levels of education and strong ties to the city" (41).</ref> Some of its features have also infiltrated a [[St. Louis dialect|geographic corridor]] from Chicago southwest along [[U.S. Route 66 in Illinois|historic Route 66]] into [[St. Louis, Missouri]]; today, the corridor shows a mixture of both Inland North and [[Midland American English|Midland American accents]].{{sfnp|Labov|Ash|Boberg|2006|loc=Chapter 19|p=276}} Linguists often characterize the western Great Lakes region's dialect separately as [[North-Central American English]].