Inland Northern American English: Difference between revisions

'''Inland Northern''' ('''American''') '''English''',<ref>{{cite book sfnp|editor-last1=Kortmann Gordon|editor-first1=Bernd |editor-first2=Kate |editor-last2=Burridge |editor-first3=Rajend |editor-last3=Mesthrie |editor-first4=Edgar W. |editor-last4=Schneider |editor-first5=Clive |editor-last5=Upton |year=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mtd3a-56ysUC |title=A Handbook of Varieties of English |volume=1: Phonology, Vol 2: Morphology and Syntax |location=Berlin / New York |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |pagep=xvi|isbn=978-3-11-017532-5 }}</ref> also known in [[American linguistics]] as the '''Inland North''' or '''Great Lakes dialect''',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Garn-Nunn |first1=Pamela G. |last2=Lynn |first2=James M. |year=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gjp3MWFuGSoC |title=Calvert's Descriptive Phonetics |publisher=Thieme |page=136|isbn=978-1-60406-617-3 }}</ref> is an [[American English]] dialect spoken primarily by [[White Americans]] in a geographic band reaching from the major urban areas of [[Upstate New York]] westward along the [[Erie Canal]] and through much of the U.S. [[Great Lakes region]]. The most distinctive Inland Northern accents are spoken in [[Chicago]], [[Milwaukee]], [[Detroit]], [[Cleveland]], [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], and [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]].{{sfnp|Gordon|2004|p=297}} The dialect can be heard as far west as eastern [[Iowa]] and even among certain demographics in the [[Twin Cities, Minnesota]].<ref name="Chapman">{{cite thesis | last=Chapman | first=Kaila | title=The Northern Cities Shift: Minnesota's Ever-Changing Vowel Space | publisher=Macalester College | date=2017-10-25 | url=https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/ling_honors/12/ |quote=The satisfaction of the three NCS measures was found only in the 35-55 year old male speakers. The three male speakers fully participating in the NCS had high levels of education and strong ties to the city |page=41}}</ref> Some of its features have also infiltrated a [[St. Louis dialect|geographic corridor]] from Chicago southwest along [[U.S. Route 66 in Illinois|historic Route 66]] into [[St. Louis, Missouri]]; today, the corridor shows a mixture of both Inland North and [[Midland American English|Midland American accents]].{{sfnp|Labov|Ash|Boberg|2006|loc=Chapter 19|p=276}} Linguists often characterize the western Great Lakes region's dialect separately as [[North-Central American English]].