JL-2: Difference between revisions

| image= JulangJL-21 SLBMand JL-2.jpgPNG

|caption= A JL-2 launch.

|service= Active as of 2015<ref name="Fisher">{{Cite journal|last=Fisher|first=Richard D., Jr.|title=China advances sea- and land-based nuclear deterrent capabilities|journal=Jane's Defence Weekly|volume=53|issue=6|date=16 December 2015|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Surrey, UK|issn=0265-3818}}</ref>

|weight={{convert|42000|kg|lb}}<ref name="mt">httphttps://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ju-lang-2-jl-2/ CSIS Missile Threat - JL-2</ref>

|filling=1 nuclear warheadsingle<ref name="us_nasic_2017-33">[[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]] (2017: 33)</ref> or 1-3 [[MIRV]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2020/may-2020/8344-chinese-navy-has-now-six-type-094a-jin-class-nuclear-powered-ballistic-missile-submarines.html|title = Chinese Navy has now six Type 094A Jin-class nuclear powered ballistic missile submarines}}</ref> or 3-8 MIRV [[nuclear warhead]]<ref name="mt" />

|yield={{convert|1|MtonTNT|lk=in}} Mtsingle,<ref name="jane">{{cite web |last=Rahmat |first=Ridzwan |url=http://www.janes.com/article/35965/pacom-chief-says-china-will-deploy-long-range-nuclear-missiles-on-subs-this-year |title=PACOM chief says China will deploy long-range nuclear missiles on subs this year |website=janes.com |date=25 March 2014 |accessdateaccess-date=26 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330062057/https://www.janes.com/article/35965/pacom-chief-says-china-will-deploy-long-range-nuclear-missiles-on-subs-this-year |archive-date=30 March 2014}}</ref> or 1-3 MIRV <ref name="auto"/> 20/90/150kt <ref name="mt"/>

The JL-2 is the first Chinese SLBM that and provideprovides China with aits first viable sea-based nuclear deterrent.<ref name="us_dod_2018-29"/>

The JL-2 is a naval variant of the land-based [[DF-31]].<ref name="globalsecurity">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/china/jl-2.htm |title=JL-2 (CSS-NX-14) |website=Globalsecurity.org |date=20 April 2014 |accessdateaccess-date=26 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="wonk">{{cite web |last=Lewis |first=Jeffrey |url=http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/651/jl-2-slbm-flight-test |title=JL-2 SLBM Flight Test |website=armscontrolwonk.com |date=25 June 2005 |accessdateaccess-date=26 January 2015 |archive-date=15 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215112552/http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/651/jl-2-slbm-flight-test |url-status=dead }}</ref> Their common 2-metre diameter solid fuel rocket motor was successfully tested in late 1983,<ref name="globalsecurity"/> and research and development efforts were reorganized starting in 1985 to produce both missiles.<ref name="wonk"/>

The first JL-2 at-sea launch occurred in 2001 from a [[Golf-class submarine|Type 031 submarine]].<ref name="globalsecurity"/><ref name="wonk"/> The program was delayed after a failed test in 2004.<ref name="globalsecurity"/> Successful launches occurred in 2005 and 2008. The missile was successfully fired from a [[Type 094 submarine]], the intended operational platform, for the first time in 2009.<ref name="globalsecurity"/> A series of test launches occurred in 2012.<ref name="cmpr2013">{{Cite report|author=United States Department of Defense |authorlinkauthor-link=United States Department of Defense |date=May 2013 |title=Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’sPeople's Republic of China 2013 |url=http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2013_China_Report_FINAL.pdf |page=31 |accessdateaccess-date=24 January 2015 |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113120816/http://www.defense.gov/pubs/2013_china_report_final.pdf |archivedatearchive-date=13 January 2015 |df= }}</ref><ref name="gertz2012">{{cite web|last=Gertz |first=Bill |url=http://freebeacon.com/ready-to-launch/ |title=Ready To Launch: China conducts rare flight test of new submarine-launched missile |publisher=The Washington Free Beacon |date=21 August 2012|accessdate=15 January 2013}}</ref> Another test launch occurred in January 2015.<ref name="gertz2015">{{cite web|last=Gertz |first=Bill |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/18/inside-the-ring-china-tests-nuclear-missile-for-su/ |title=China conducts JL-2 sub missile test |publisher=The Washington Times |date=18 February 2015 |accessdate=10 March 2015}}</ref>

During the development of the missile, it was reported that China was considering modifying the missile to accommodate an [[Anti-satellite weapon|anti-satellite warhead]] to give it a sea-based anti-satellite capability.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gertz|first=Bill|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-173569417|title=Submarine ASAT|date=18 January 2008|newspaper=Washington Post|accessdateaccess-date=18 May 2015|url-access=subscription |via=[[Questia Online}}{{dl|date=July Library]]2021}}</ref>

Type 094 deterrence patrols with JL-2 missiles began in December 2015.<ref name="Fisher">{{Cite journal|last=Fisher|first=Richard D., Jr.|title=China advances sea- and land-based nuclear deterrent capabilities|journal=Jane's Defence Weekly|volume=53|issue=6|date=16 December 2015|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Surrey, UK|issn=0265-3818}}</ref>

The JL-2 is a three-stage, solid-fuelledfueled missile,<ref name="us_nasic_2017-33"/> with a maximum range of {{convert|7200|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="us_dod_2018-38"/> PayloadIts payload is a single<ref name="us_nasic_2017-33"/> 1 Mt[[TNT equivalent|Megaton]] warhead.<ref name="jane"/> or 3-8 MIRVs with yields of 20, 90, or 150kt.<ref name="mt"/>

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* {{cite report |author=United States Department of Defense |authorlinkauthor-link=United States Department of Defense |date=May 2018 |title=Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’sPeople's Republic of China 2018 |url=https://media.defense.gov/2018/Aug/16/2001955282/-1/-1/1/2018-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT.PDF |accessdateaccess-date=29 December 2018}}

* {{cite report |author=United States National Air and Space Intelligence Center |authorlinkauthor-link=National Air and Space Intelligence Center |date=June 2017 |title=Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat |id=NASIC-1031-0985-17 |url=https://www.nasic.af.mil/Portals/19/images/Fact%20Sheet%20Images/2017%20Ballistic%20and%20Cruise%20Missile%20Threat_Final_small.pdf?ver=2017-07-21-083234-343 |accessdateaccess-date=20 July 2017}}

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* [http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ju-lang-2-jl-2/ CSIS Missile Threat - Ju Lang-2]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030904115559/http://astronautix.com/lvs/jl2.htm JL-2] from Mark Wade's Encyclopedia Astronautica