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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox road
* Macdonald–Cartier Freeway
* Highway Of Heroes
* Rt.Hon.Herb Gray Pkwy }}
* [[E. C. Row Expressway]] –
* {{jcon|Hwy|402|city=London}}
* {{jcon|Hwy|403|city=Woodstock}}
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* {{jcon|Hwy|35|con=115|town=Clarington}}
* {{jcon|Hwy|416|town=Johnstown}}
* Proposed 1938
* Opened December 1947 – October 11, 1968<ref name="openDates" />
* Extended June 28 and November 21, 2015
}}
}}
'''King's Highway 401''', commonly referred to as '''Highway 401''' and also known by its official name as the '''Macdonald–Cartier Freeway''' or colloquially referred to as '''the four-oh-one''',<ref name="fouroh">{{cite book |title = Ontario/ Rhône-Alpes Student Exchange Program Handbook 2020-2021 for Rhône-Alpes students studying in Ontario |url = https://www.yorku.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/252/2021/02/Handbook-for-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes-students-2020-2021_0.pdf |publisher = Ontario Program Office, Ontario/Rhône-Alpes Exchange Program, [[York University]] |page = 31 |section = Appendix 2: Common Abbreviations |date = March 2020 |quote = 401 The Four-Oh-One: highway between Windsor and the Ontario / Québec border }}</ref> is a [[Controlled-access highway|controlled-access]] [[400-series highways|400-series highway]] in the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian province]] of [[Ontario]]. It stretches {{convert|828|km}} from [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]] in the west to the Ontario–[[Quebec]] border in the east. The part of Highway 401 that passes through [[Toronto]] is North America's busiest highway,<ref name="tgcar">{{cite web |title = Carmageddon: The World's Busiest Roads |first = Paddy |last = Allen |url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2011/jul/11/cars-busiest-roads-i405-interactive |website = The Guardian |publisher = Guardian News & Media Ltd. |date = July 11, 2011 |access-date = July 11, 2014 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140715003135/http://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2011/jul/11/cars-busiest-roads-i405-interactive |archive-date = July 15, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="fhwa">{{cite book |type = Report |title = Long-Life Concrete Pavements in Europe and Canada |first = Hanna |last = Maier |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |date = October 9, 2007 |section = Chapter 2 |url = http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm |access-date = May 1, 2010 |quote = The key high-volume highways in Ontario are the 400-series highways in the southern part of the province. The most important of these is the 401, the busiest highway in North America, with average annual daily traffic (AADT) of more than 425,000 vehicles in 2004 and daily traffic sometimes exceeding 500,000 vehicles. |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100527124628/http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm |archive-date = May 27, 2010 }}</ref> and one of the widest.<ref name="mto">{{cite book |type = Report |title = Ontario Government Investing $401 Million to Upgrade Highway 401 |author = Canadian NewsWire |publisher = Ministry of Transportation of Ontario |date = August 6, 2002 |quote = Highway 401 is one of the busiest highways in the world and represents a vital link in Ontario's transportation infrastructure, carrying more than 400,000 vehicles per day through Toronto. }}</ref><ref name="alphabet">{{cite web |title = The Post-Carbon Highway |first1 = Geoffrey |last1 = Thün |first2 = Kathy |last2 = Velikov |publisher = Alphabet City |url = http://alphabet-city.org/issues/fuel/articles/the-post-carbon-highway |access-date = January 2, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100705130628/http://alphabet-city.org/issues/fuel/articles/the-post-carbon-highway |archive-date = July 5, 2010 |quote = It is North America's busiest highway, and one of the busiest in the world. The section of Highway 401 that cuts across the northern part of Toronto has been expanded to eighteen lanes, and typically carries 420,000 vehicles a day, rising to 500,000 at peak times, as compared to 380,000 on the I-405 in Los Angeles or 350,000 on the I-75 in Atlanta (Gray). }}</ref> Together with [[Quebec Autoroute 20]], it forms the road transportation backbone of the [[Quebec City–Windsor Corridor]], along which over half of Canada's population resides. It is also a ''Core Route'' in the [[National Highway System (Canada)|National Highway System]] of Canada.▼
▲is a [[Controlled-access highway|controlled-access]] [[400-series highways|400-series highway]] in the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian province]] of [[Ontario]]. It stretches {{convert|828|km}} from [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]] in the west to the Ontario–[[Quebec]] border in the east. The part of Highway 401 that passes through [[Toronto]] is North America's busiest highway,<ref name="tgcar">{{cite web |title = Carmageddon: The World's Busiest Roads |first = Paddy |last = Allen |url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2011/jul/11/cars-busiest-roads-i405-interactive |website = The Guardian |publisher = Guardian News & Media Ltd. |date = July 11, 2011 |access-date = July 11, 2014 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140715003135/http://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2011/jul/11/cars-busiest-roads-i405-interactive |archive-date = July 15, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="fhwa">{{cite book |type = Report |title = Long-Life Concrete Pavements in Europe and Canada |first = Hanna |last = Maier |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |date = October 9, 2007 |section = Chapter 2 |url = http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm |access-date = May 1, 2010 |quote = The key high-volume highways in Ontario are the 400-series highways in the southern part of the province. The most important of these is the 401, the busiest highway in North America, with average annual daily traffic (AADT) of more than 425,000 vehicles in 2004 and daily traffic sometimes exceeding 500,000 vehicles. |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100527124628/http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm |archive-date = May 27, 2010 }}</ref> and one of the widest.<ref name="mto">{{cite book |type = Report |title = Ontario Government Investing $401 Million to Upgrade Highway 401 |author = Canadian NewsWire |publisher = Ministry of Transportation of Ontario |date = August 6, 2002 |quote = Highway 401 is one of the busiest highways in the world and represents a vital link in Ontario's transportation infrastructure, carrying more than 400,000 vehicles per day through Toronto. }}</ref><ref name="alphabet">{{cite web |title = The Post-Carbon Highway |first1 = Geoffrey |last1 = Thün |first2 = Kathy |last2 = Velikov |publisher = Alphabet City |url = http://alphabet-city.org/issues/fuel/articles/the-post-carbon-highway |access-date = January 2, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100705130628/http://alphabet-city.org/issues/fuel/articles/the-post-carbon-highway |archive-date = July 5, 2010 |quote = It is North America's busiest highway, and one of the busiest in the world. The section of Highway 401 that cuts across the northern part of Toronto has been expanded to eighteen lanes, and typically carries 420,000 vehicles a day, rising to 500,000 at peak times, as compared to 380,000 on the I-405 in Los Angeles or 350,000 on the I-75 in Atlanta (Gray). }}</ref>
The route is maintained by the [[Ministry of Transportation of Ontario]] (MTO) and patrolled by the [[Ontario Provincial Police]]. The [[Speed limits in Canada|speed limit]] is {{convert|100|km/h|abbr=on}} throughout the majority of its length, with the remaining exceptions being the posted {{convert|80|km/h|abbr=on}} limit westbound in Windsor, in most construction zones, and the {{convert|110|km/h|abbr=on}} speed limit on the {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} stretch between Windsor and [[Tilbury, Ontario|Tilbury]] that was raised on April 22, 2022,<ref name="Speed limit 110">{{cite press release |last=Brasier |first=Dakota |last2=Ikotun |first2=Simisola |date=March 29, 2022 |title=Ontario Raising Highway Speed Limits |url=https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/1001886/ontario-raising-highway-speed-limits |access-date=March 29, 2022 |publisher=Ministry of Transportation of Ontario }}</ref> the {{convert|7|km|abbr=on}} extension east of the aforementioned, the {{convert|35|km|abbr=on}} stretch between [[Ontario Highway 115|Highway 35 / 115]] and [[Cobourg]], the {{convert|44|km|abbr=on}} stretch between [[Cramahe, Ontario|Colborne]] and [[Belleville, Ontario|Belleville]], the {{convert|66|km|abbr=on}} stretch between Belleville and [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]], and the {{convert|107|km|abbr=on}} stretch between [[Ontario Highway 16|Highway 16]] and the east end of the highway that were raised on July 12, 2024.<ref>{{cite press release |last=Brasier |first=Dakota |last2=Blazina |first2=Tanya |date=April 24, 2024 |title=Ontario Raising Highway Speed Limits |url=https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/1004476/ontario-raising-highway-speed-limits |access-date=July 13, 2024 |publisher=Ministry of Transportation of Ontario }}</ref>
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