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{{short description|Controlled-access highway in Ontario}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox road
|province = ON
Line 42 ⟶ 43:
Motorists crossing into [[Michigan]] at the western end have direct access to [[Interstate 69 in Michigan|Interstate 69]] (I-69) and [[Interstate 94 in Michigan|Interstate 94]] (I-94) into [[Port Huron, Michigan|Port Huron]]; motorists crossing onto the Canadian side from the east end of I-69 and I-94 have access to [[Toronto]] via Highway 401, and onwards to [[Montreal]] via [[Quebec Autoroute 20|A-20]] in [[Quebec]]. The only town along Highway 402 between Sarnia and London is [[Strathroy, Ontario|Strathroy]].
The speed limit is {{convert|110|kph|abbr=on}} on most of its length,<ref>{{cite
== Route description ==
Line 59 ⟶ 60:
| url = http://www.visitpointedward.com/map.html
| access-date = February 21, 2011
This provides a quicker route than the busier [[Ambassador Bridge]] crossing in [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]], which features over ten traffic lights leading to the four-lane bridge, although that situation is expected to be rectified after the planned [[Gordie Howe International Bridge]] is constructed.<ref>{{cite report
Line 80 ⟶ 71:
| url = http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/stdprodconsume/groups/lr/%40ene/%40resources/documents/resource/std01_079135.pdf
| access-date = February 28, 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140305103106/http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/stdprodconsume/groups/lr/%40ene/%40resources/documents/resource/std01_079135.pdf
| archive-date = March 5, 2014}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|However, construction of a new route known as the Rt Hon. Herb Gray Parkway began in August 2011;<ref>{{cite news
Line 89 ⟶ 80:
| work = The Windsor Star
| date = May 7, 2011
| access-date = January 2, 2012}}</ref>
it will provide a direct freeway connection into [[Detroit]] via the [[Gordie Howe International Bridge]] by 2024.<ref>{{cite press release |title = The DRIC Announces Preferred Access Road |author = Detroit River International Crossing Study team |publisher = URS Corporation |date = May 1, 2008 |url = http://www.weparkway.ca/NewsRelease.html |access-date = February 26, 2010 |archive-date = December 2, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101202064919/http://weparkway.ca/NewsRelease.html |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title = Canada to Start Buying Property in Delray for DRIC Bridge |first = Dave |last = Battagello |work = Windsor Star |date = May 22, 2013 |url = http://blogs.windsorstar.com/2013/05/22/canadian-funds-allocated-to-start-buying-property-in-delray-for-dric-bridge/ |access-date = August 4, 2013 }}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}}
Although Highway 402 passes through Sarnia, it is not intended to operate as a commuter highway; at Highway 40 and westward all ramps leading to the westbound lanes of the freeway were originally signed as "Bridge To U.S.A." without reference to Highway 402, though these have been replaced in the early 2000s with signs saying "402 West Bridge To U.S.A.".
After descending over the village of [[Point Edward, Ontario|Point Edward]] and passing through a [[Canada Border Services Agency|customs]] plaza, the freeway curves as it crosses Front Street (former Highway 40B) and a former railway line. Running north of the former Holmes Foundry (closed in 1988 by owner [[Chrysler]]),<ref>{{cite web |url = https://thesarniajournal.ca/company-with-local-ties-seeking-to-buy-develop-holmes-foundry-lands/ |title = Investor with local ties seeking to buy, develop Holmes Foundry lands - The Sarnia Journal |website = Thesarniajournal.ca |date = February 1, 2022
East of the Murphy Road underpass, the freeway curves to the northeast to bypass its original alignment.<ref name="2010 mapart" /> It crosses the [[Howard Watson Nature Trail]], a mixed-use [[rail trail|recreational trail]] that was converted from a [[Canadian National Railway]] (CNR) line in 1988.<ref>{{cite web
Line 120 ⟶ 94:
| url = http://www.lambtonwildlife.com/Projects-LWI.htm#HowardWatsonNatureTrail
| access-date = February 11, 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713182703/http://www.lambtonwildlife.com/Projects-LWI.htm#HowardWatsonNatureTrail
| archive-date = July 13, 2011
The highway curves back to its east–west orientation at an interchange with Highway 40 (Modeland Road).<ref name="2010 mapart" /> It passes south of [[Sarnia Chris Hadfield Airport]] before exiting the city limits at Mandaumin Road (Lambton Road 26).<ref>{{cite web
Line 130 ⟶ 104:
| url = http://www.sarniaairport.com/directions.php
| access-date = February 21, 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110430090441/http://www.sarniaairport.com/directions.php
| archive-date = April 30, 2011}}</ref>
Line 140 ⟶ 114:
| publisher = Ministry of Transportation of Ontario
| date = January 1, 1990
| scale = 1:700,000 }}</ref>
the freeway jogs north to travel along the back lot line of farmland fronting London Line and the [[concession road]] north of Highway 402.<ref>{{Google maps
Line 146 ⟶ 120:
| title = Satellite view of Highway 402 east of Sarnia; note its position midway between London Line and Michigan Line
| url = http://maps.google.ca/?ie=UTF8&ll=42.991967,-82.25481&spn=0.057633,0.154324&t=h&z=13
| access-date = February 21, 2011}}</ref> The highway split at least one farm in half during its construction, with the family’s barn being burned down to make way for the construction. The freeway passes by a [[weigh station|truck inspection station]] (eastbound traffic only) and truck rest area (westbound traffic only, formerly a truck inspection station) before being crossed by Camlachie Road.<ref>{{cite web |
| title = Road to Destiny: A History of Highway 21
Line 162 ⟶ 136:
| url = http://www.investinmiddlesex.ca/about-middlesex/municipality-of-strathroy-caradoc
| access-date = February 21, 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110209114844/http://www.investinmiddlesex.ca/about-middlesex/municipality-of-strathroy-caradoc
| archive-date = February 9, 2011
Shortly thereafter it curves to the southeast and zig-zags towards London, bisecting farms and dividing woodlands. The freeway passes to the west of the town of [[Delaware, Ontario|Delaware]] and curves east. It enters London and meets interchanges with [[Ontario Highway 4|Highway 4]] south of [[Lambeth, London, Ontario|Lambeth]], as well as with [[Wonderland Road]] before merging into Highway 401. Access to westbound and from eastbound Highway 401 is provided via Highway 4 or Wonderland Road.<ref name="2010 mapart" />
Line 203 ⟶ 177:
| publisher = Blue Water Bridge Canada
| date = February 22, 2008
| access-date = February 28, 2014
As such, the highway was named the Blue Water Bridge Approach. Construction began in 1939. However, like many other road projects, World War II halted construction. In 1947 a new survey was undertaken; construction resumed by 1952. The approach road was opened in 1953, at which point the route was designated Highway 402. It featured an interchange with Christina Street and [[At-grade intersection|at-grade]] intersections with Front Street, Indian Road and Modeland Road (the [[Ontario Highway 40|Highway 40]] Sarnia bypass); after Modeland Road the route continued to London as Highway 7.<ref name="Christina heritage" />
Line 213 ⟶ 187:
| work = The Windsor Daily Star
| date = September 12, 1957
| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pCU_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=FFAMAAAAIBAJ&dq=superhighway%20ontario&pg=1689%2C2153993
| access-date = December 15, 2011}}</ref>
Line 221 ⟶ 195:
| url = http://goo.gl/maps/sZzoP
| access-date = September 7, 2014
| link = no}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title = Annual Report |publisher = Ontario Department of Highways |date = March 31, 1965 |page = 47 |edition = Construction Division: South-Western Area }}</ref>
On February 28, 1968, a {{convert|98|km|adj=on}} extension towards London was officially announced by Minister of Highways [[George Gomme]].<ref name="official">{{cite press release
Line 237 ⟶ 206:
| url = http://maps.google.ca/?ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Toronto,+Toronto+Division,+Ontario&ll=42.986473,-82.353773&spn=0.014001,0.027251&t=h&z=15
| access-date = June 24, 2010
For the new Highway 402, an overpass crossing was required with the then-[[Canadian National Railway|CNR]] line (now the Howard Watson Nature Trail) and a Parclo B4 interchange with the newly [[twinning (roads)|twinned]] Highway 40 just north of the 1964 interchange. Construction east of Highway 40 began in 1972.<ref name="begin">{{cite book
Line 270 ⟶ 239:
| cartography = Cartography Section
| publisher = Ministry of Transportation and Communications
| year =
| section = L18–M20
| scale = 1:800,000 }}</ref>
Line 284 ⟶ 253:
| work = The Toronto Star
| date = November 18, 1981
The opening of the section between Highways 2 and 81 completed Highway 402 from London to the Blue Water Bridge. In addition, the removal of the Front Street intersection in Sarnia made the entire route a controlled-access highway. Both were completed in time for the official opening in Sarnia on November 10, 1982.<ref name="ceremony">{{cite book
Line 297 ⟶ 266:
=== Since completion ===
In 1997, noise barriers were erected upon both sides of the highway between Colborne Road to just east of the Howard Watson Trail.<ref name="sarniahistoricalsociety.com">{{cite web |
In 2007, the southern part of the Front Street interchange was realigned. It was originally a parclo AB2 (folded diamond) configuration when it opened in 1982, since Highway 402 needed to cross a railway as well as Front Street; however the railway has since been removed by the 1990s allowing a new on-ramp to Highway 402 eastbound to be built in the SE quadrant. For the overpass carrying eastbound highway traffic, the acceleration lane which previously served the now-removed loop ramp in the SW quadrant was instead allocated to a new on-ramp from the [[Canada Border Services Agency]] secondary inspection; previously transport trucks exiting the customs plaza had to make a right-turn from Marina Road to the highway which caused considerable congestion.<ref>{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|348244926}} |last1=Morden |first1=Paul |title=402 improvements beginning |journal=Observer |location=Sarnia, Ont |date=
On Monday, December 13, 2010, a [[whiteout (weather)|whiteout]] caused by lake-effect snow squalls left an {{convert|80|km|adj=on}} stretch of Highway 402 closed for several days.<ref name="sciences 360">{{cite web
Line 306 ⟶ 275:
| first = Cameron | last = Scott
| date = December 15, 2010
| work = Sciences 360
| access-date = January 2, 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140704224731/http://www.sciences360.com/index.php/what-is-lake-effect-snow-7241/
| archive-date = July 4, 2014
[[Lambton County, Ontario|Lambton County]] officials declared a state of emergency. Although the entire distance between Sarnia and London is subject to occasional snow squalls and whiteout conditions, they usually dissipate or move in less than a day. The exceptional conditions at that time were caused by a snow squall which remained stationary over several days, dropping up to two metres (6 ft) of snow in some parts of the area.<ref name="sciences 360" /> Defence Minister [[Peter MacKay]] sent two Canadian Forces Griffon helicopters and a [[C-130 Hercules]] to Sarnia to aid in the search-and-rescue efforts.<ref>{{cite news
Line 329 ⟶ 298:
| location = Winnipeg
| date = December 14, 2010
| access-date = December 1, 2011
| archive-date = July 6, 2011}}</ref>
The highway was reopened to traffic on the morning of December 16.<ref>{{cite news
Line 347 ⟶ 316:
| location = Toronto
| date = December 16, 2010
| access-date = December 1, 2011}}</ref>
Line 357 ⟶ 326:
| work = BlackburnNews
| date = January 21, 2013
| access-date = April 28, 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140429080354/http://blackburnnews.com/sarnia/sarnia-news/2013/01/21/signs-help-stream-traffic/
| archive-date = April 29, 2014
The new lanes begin just before the Murphy Road overpass with a local lane breaking away for interchange access; all travellers wishing to exit the highway from this point must be travelling in this lane.<ref name="dcn">{{cite news
Line 369 ⟶ 338:
| work = Daily Commercial News
| date = February 23, 2012
| access-date = February 28, 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140305132647/http://dcnonl.com/article/id48924/--highway-402-expansion-in-sarnia-ontario-results-in-unique-reconfiguration
| archive-date = March 5, 2014
Construction began August 4, 2009,<ref name="widening">{{cite news |title = Highway 402 on Track |first = Dale |last = Carruthers |work = The Observer |location = Sarnia |date = June 10, 2010 |url = http://www.theobserver.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=2624161 |access-date = February 28, 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
between the Blue Water Bridge and Lambton County Road 26 (Mandaumin Road) and included the widening of the Colborne Road and Front Street underpasses, plus a new Christina Street bridge with a signalized intersection allowing full exit/entry to the westbound lanes. Work was completed by the end of 2012.<ref name="signs" /><ref name="dcn" /> Between 2004 and 2013, the speed limit along the westbound lanes from Airport Road westward was reduced from the standard {{convert|100|km/h|-1}}. However, following the reconstruction, the speed limit was raised between Indian Road and Airport Road on June 20, 2013.<ref>{{cite news
Line 392 ⟶ 352:
| work = BlackburnNews
| date = June 21, 2013
| access-date = April 28, 2014
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140429075947/http://blackburnnews.com/sarnia/sarnia-news/2013/06/21/speed-limit-changes/
|archive-date = April 29, 2014
On January 5, 2013, a temporary vehicular [[roadblock]] was created at the [[Blue Water Bridge]] as part of the "Idle No More" protests by [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] groups. The blockade was known in advance and was planned to occur during the noon hour. Lambton [[Ontario Provincial Police|OPP]] monitored the protest by walking alongside the protesters. Traffic resumed flowing normally by 1:30 p.m. While Highway 402 itself was not closed, the protest did back up traffic onto the highway causing congestion in the areas of Front Street and Christina Street.<ref>{{cite news
Line 406 ⟶ 366:
| location = Sarnia/Point Edward
| date = January 5, 2013
| access-date = March 5, 2013}}</ref>
Later that year, another protest was held west of Strathroy on October 19, advocating against wind turbine construction. The rolling protest of about 150 vehicles, including farm equipment, was monitored by the OPP and required intermittent ramp closures to the westbound lanes.<ref>{{cite news
Line 415 ⟶ 375:
| location = Sarnia/Point Edward
| date = October 19, 2013
| access-date = April 28, 2014}}</ref>
On November 23, 2015, the Indian Road overpass was damaged by a flatbed trailer carrying an over-height load. The eastbound lanes of the highway were closed for 60 hours, while the girders damaged in the impact had to be removed, while the overpass reopened for Indian Road traffic which was reduced to two lanes for the next few months.<ref>{{cite web |
| title = Damage Settlement In Overpass Crash Not Public
Line 424 ⟶ 384:
| publisher = Blackburn News
| date = July 19, 2017
| access-date = February 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
Line 430 ⟶ 390:
| author = Editorial Staff
| date = March 13, 2016
| website = The Lambton Shield
| access-date = February 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
Line 438 ⟶ 398:
| work = Sarnia Observer
| date = April 28, 2017
| access-date = February 22, 2021}}</ref>
Line 525 ⟶ 485:
| publisher = Government of Ontario
| date = April 1, 1989
| page = 47}}</ref>
}}
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