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{{Short description|Form of sexual reproduction}}
[[File:Sperm-egg.jpg|thumb|Oogamy in animals: small, motile sperm on the surface of an ovum]]
'''Oogamy''' is
In oogamy the large [[female]] [[gamete]] (also known as [[Egg cell|ovum]]) is
Oogamy is found in most sexually reproducing species, including all vertebrates, land plants, and some algae. The ancestral state of sexual reproduction is believed to be isogamy, with oogamy evolving through anisogamy. Once oogamy evolves, males and females typically differ in various aspects. Internal fertilization may have originated from oogamy, although some studies suggest <ref name=Nozaki-2014>{{cite journal |last1=Nozaki |first1=H |last2=Yamada |first2=TK |last3=Takahashi |first3=F |last4=Matsuzaki |first4=R |last5=Nakada |first5=T |date=2014 |title=New "missing link" genus of the colonial volvocine green algae gives insights into the evolution of oogamy |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=37 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-14-37 |doi-access=free |pmid=24589311 |pmc=4015742 |bibcode=2014BMCEE..14...37N }}</ref>{{rp|37}} that oogamy in certain species may have evolved before the transition from external to internal fertilization. In streptophytes, oogamy occurred before the split from green algae.
== Occurrence ==
Oogamy is found in
Oogamy is found in all [[Embryophyte|land plants]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Simpson|first=Michael G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dj8KRImgyf4C&dq=oogamy+common+in+land+animals.&pg=PA58|title=Plant Systematics|date=2010-07-19|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-08-092208-9|pages=58|language=en}}</ref> and in some [[red algae]], [[brown algae]] and [[green algae]].<ref name=Raven>{{Cite book|last1=Raven|first1=Peter H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8tz2aB1-jb4C&q=Oogamy|title=Biology of Plants|last2=Evert|first2=University Ray F.|last3=Evert|first3=Ray F.|last4=Eichhorn|first4=Susan E.|last5=Eichhorn|first5=University Susan E.|date=2005|publisher=W. H. Freeman|isbn=978-0-7167-1007-3
== Etymology ==
The term oogamy was first used in the year 1888.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of OOGAMY|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/oogamy|access-date=2021-09-14|website=
== Evolution ==
{{Main|Evolution of sexual reproduction}}
It is generally accepted that [[isogamy]] is the ancestral state<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Pitnick|first1=Scott S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kctYNbO1fE0C&q=evolution+of+anisogamy|title=Sperm Biology: An Evolutionary Perspective|last2=Hosken|first2=Dave J.|last3=Birkhead|first3=Tim R.|date=2008-11-21|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-08-091987-4|pages=43–44|language=en}}</ref> and that oogamy evolves from isogamy through anisogamy.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kumar|first=Awasthi & Ashok|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r0h1DwAAQBAJ&dq=isogamy+generally+accepted&pg=PA363|title=Textbook of Algae|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|isbn=978-93-259-9022-7|pages=363|language=en}}</ref><ref
In [[Streptophyta|streptophyte]]s, oogamy
== See also ==
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