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{{short description|Overview of finance and finance-related topics}}
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{{Finance sidebar}}
The following [[Outline (list)|outline]] is provided as an overview of and topical guide to finance:
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*** [[Debt of developing countries]]
**Asset types
*** [[Real
*** [[Securities]]
*** [[Commodities]]
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**[[Discounts and allowances]]
**[[Factoring (trade)]] & [[Supply chain finance]]
**[[Corporate budget]]
===Investment management===<!-- This section is linked from [[Finance]] -->
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===Risk management===
{{also|Finance#Risk management|Risk management #Finance}}
* [[Asset and liability management]]
* [[Asset liability mismatch]]
* [[Capital Requirements Regulation 2013]] & [[Credit Institutions Directive 2013]] ([[Capital Requirements Directives]])
* [[Cash flow hedge]]
* [[Cash management]]
* [[Corporate governance]]
* [[Stranded asset#Climate-related asset stranding|Climate-related asset stranding]]
* [[Credit risk]]
* [[Default (finance)]]
* [[Downside risk]] & [[Upside risk]]
* [[Duration gap]]
* [[Enterprise risk management]]
* [[Financial engineering]]
* [[Financial risk]]
* [[Financial risk management]]
* [[Foreign exchange hedge]]
* [[Fuel price risk management]]
* [[Gordon–Loeb model]] for [[cyber security]] investments
* [[Interest rate risk]]
* [[Insurance]]
* [[Investment risk]]
* [[Irrational exuberance]]
* [[Kelly criterion]]
* [[Liquidity risk]]
* [[Market risk]]
* [[Operational risk]]
* [[Risk accounting]]
* [[Risk adjusted return on capital]]
* [[Risk aversion]]
* [[Risk-based internal audit]]
* [[Risk measure]]
**[[Coherent risk measure]]
**[[Deviation risk measure]]
**[[Distortion risk measure]]
**[[Spectral risk measure]]
* [[Risk modeling]]
* [[Risk of ruin]]
* [[Risk pool]]
* [[Risk register]]
* [[Risk return ratio]]
* [[Risk–return spectrum]]
* [[Security management]]
* [[Settlement risk]]
* [[Shadow banking system]]
* [[Specific risk]]
* [[St. Petersburg paradox]]
* [[Systematic risk]]
* [[Three lines of defence]]
* [[Treasury management]]
* [[Uncompensated risk]]
* [[Valuation risk]]
* [[Value at risk]]
**Computation
***[[Historical simulation (finance)|Historical]]
***[[Monte Carlo methods in finance|Monte Carlo]]
***[[Value at risk#Computation methods|variance-covariance]]
*** [[Greeks (finance)#Delta|delta]]-[[Greeks (finance)#Gamma|gamma]]
**Alternate measures
*** [[Entropic value at risk]]
*** [[Conditional value-at-risk]] / [[Expected shortfall]]
*** [[Tail value at risk]]
**Extensions
*** [[Profit at risk]]
*** [[Margin at risk]]
*** [[Liquidity at risk]]
*** [[Earnings at risk]]
*** [[Cash flow at risk]]
*** [[Liquidity_risk#Liquidity-adjusted_value_at_risk|Liquidity-adjusted VaR]]
* [[Volatility risk]]
* [[Volume risk]]
* [[Wrong way risk]]
=== Constraint finance===
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===Corporate finance theory===
{{
{{see also|Outline of corporate finance#Theory}}
*[[Fisher separation theorem]]
*[[Modigliani–Miller theorem]]
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*[[The Theory of Investment Value]]
*[[Agency theory]]
*[[Managerial finance]]
*[[Capital structure]]
**{{slink|Corporate finance|Capitalization structure}}
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**[[John Lintner#Lintner's dividend policy model|Lintner model]]
**[[Dividend policy#Residuals theory of dividends|Residuals theory]]
**[[Dividend_policy#Dividend_signaling_hypothesis|Signaling hypothesis]]
**[[Clientele effect]]
**[[Dividend puzzle]]
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**[[T-model]]
**[[Adjusted present value]]
**Uncertainty
***[[Penalized present value]]
***[[Expected commercial value]]
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===Asset pricing theory===
{{main|Asset pricing}}
{{
*[[Value (economics)]]
**[[Fair value]]
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****{{slink|Agent-based model|In economics and social sciences}}
****[[Artificial financial market]]
*[[General equilibrium theory]]
**[[Supply and demand]]
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**[[Economic equilibrium]]
**[[Partial equilibrium]]
*[[Equilibrium price]]
**[[Market efficiency]]
**[[Economic equilibrium]]
**[[Rational expectations]]
**[[Risk factor (finance)]]
*[[Arbitrage-free]] price
**[[Rational pricing]]
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**[[Pareto efficiency]]
**[[Productive efficiency]]
**[[Dumb agent theory]]
*[[State prices]]
**[[Arrow–Debreu model]]
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*[[Quantum finance]]
====Asset pricing models====
*Equilibrium pricing
**Equities; foreign exchange and commodities
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*[[Swap (finance)|Swaps]]
**[[Swap (finance)#Valuation and Pricing|Swap valuation]]
***{{
***{{
***{{
***{{
****[[Multi-curve framework]]
***{{
*[[Interest rate derivative]]s ([[bond option]]s, [[swaption]]s, [[interest rate cap and floor|caps and floors]], and [[Interest rate derivative#Types|others]])
**[[Black model]]
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**[[Treynor–Black model]]
==[[Financial markets]]==
[[Financial markets]]
=== Market and instruments ===
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* Snowball
* Inverse floater
* [[Zero-coupon_bond#Strip_bonds|Strips]] of [[Collateralized mortgage obligation]]
**[[Interest only]] (IO)
**[[Principal only]] (PO)
* Ratchet caps and floors
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=== Designations and accreditation ===
{{
* [[Certified Financial Planner]]
* [[Chartered Financial Analyst]]
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*[[Valuation (finance)]] and specifically [[Valuation (finance)#Valuation overview|§ Valuation overview]]
*"[[The Theory of Investment Value]]"
*{{
*[[Valuation risk]]
*[[Real versus nominal value (economics)]]
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***[[rational expectations]]
**[[Arbitrage-free]] price
***{{
***{{
===Context===
* ([[Corporate bond|Corporate]]) [[Bond (finance)|Bonds]]
** [[Bond valuation]]
**{{
**{{
* [[Stock|Equity]] valuation
** [[#Equity valuation]] above
** [[Fundamental analysis]]
** [[Stock valuation]]
**[[Capital Markets]]
** [[Business valuation]]
** {{
** {{
** [[Capital budgeting]] and {{
** ''[[The Theory of Investment Value]]''
*[[Real estate]] valuation
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* Bond valuation
**Modeling
***{{
***{{
***{{
***embedded options:
****[[Pull to par]]
****{{
**Results
***[[Clean price]]
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***[[sinking fund]] provisions
*Real estate valuation
**{{
**[[Income approach]]
***[[Net Operating Income]]
***{{
***[[German income approach]]
* Equity valuation
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*** [[rNPV]]
*** [[Fed model]]
*** [[Sum of perpetuities method]]
*** [[Benjamin Graham formula]]
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*Bonds
** {{
** [[Yield spread]]
*** [[I-spread]]
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** [[Gross rent multiplier]]
** [[Sales comparison approach]]
*** {{
** [[Cash on cash return]]
*Equity
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**general
***[[Valuation of options]]
***{{
***[[#Derivatives pricing]] above
**as typically employed
***[[Real options valuation#Valuation|Real options valuation]]
***{{
***{{
***{{
***[[Monte Carlo methods in finance]]
*Applications
**Corporate investments and [[Corporate finance#Investment and project valuation|projects]]
***[[Real options]]
***{{
***[[Contingent value rights]]
***{{
***[[structured finance]] investments (funding dependent)
***[[special purpose entities]] (funding dependent)
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=== Financial modeling ===
{{
{{distinguish|Financial modeling#Quantitative finance}}
* [[Cash flow]]
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** [[Operating cash flow]]
** [[EBIDTA]]
*** {{
** [[NOPAT]]
** [[Free cash flow]]
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**[[Cost of debt]]
**[[Capital asset pricing model]]
***{{
***[[Hamada's equation]]
***[[Pure play#Pure play method|Pure play method]]
**[[Arbitrage pricing theory]]
**{{
***[[Total Beta]]
**[[T-model]]
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**[[Forecast period (finance)]]
**long term growth rate
***{{
***{{
*Forecasted [[financial statements]]
**[[Financial forecast]]
**{{
**{{
**Revenue
***[[Revenue model]]
***{{
***{{
***[[Net sales]]
**Costs
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****[[Cost of goods sold]]
****[[Debtor days|Debtor & Creditor days]]
****[[Days sales outstanding]]
****[[Days payable outstanding]] ==Portfolio theory==
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*[[Portfolio insurance]]
**[[Constant proportion portfolio insurance]]
*{{
*[[Quantitative investment]] / [[Quantitative fund]] (see [[#Quantitative investing|below]])
*[[Uncompensated risk]]
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***[[Fama–MacBeth regression]]
***[[Hamada's equation]]
***{{
**[[Capital allocation line]]
**[[Capital market line]]
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*[[Principal component analysis]] ([[Principal component analysis#Quantitative finance|§ Quantitative finance]])
*[[Deterministic global optimization]]
*[[Extended Mathematical Programming]] ([[Extended Mathematical Programming (EMP)#EMP for stochastic programming|§ EMP for stochastic programming]])
*[[Genetic algorithm]] ({{section link|List of genetic algorithm applications|Finance and Economics}})
*[[Artificial
**{{slink|Applications of artificial intelligence#Trading and investment}}
**[[Machine learning]] ([[Machine learning#Applications|§ Applications]])
**[[Artificial neural network]] ([[Artificial_neural_network#Finance|§ Finance]])
==Quantitative investing==
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*[[Quantitative investing]]
*[[Quantitative fund]]
*{{
*{{slink|Quantitative analysis (finance)|Algorithmic trading quantitative analyst}}
*{{slink|Applications of artificial intelligence#Trading and investment}}
*Trading:
**[[Automated trading]]
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**[[Statistical arbitrage]]
*Portfolio optimization:
** {{
** {{
**[[Black–Litterman model]]
**[[Universal portfolio algorithm]]
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**[[2010 flash crash]]
**{{section link|Black_Monday_(1987)|Causes}}
**{{
*Leading companies (see {{slink|Quantitative fund#List of notable quantitative funds}}):
**[[Prediction Company]]
**[[Renaissance Technologies]]
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== Financial modeling applications==
{{main article|Financial modeling}}
=== Corporate Finance ===
*[[Business valuation]] / [[stock valuation]] - especially via [[Valuation using discounted cash flows|discounted cash flow]], but including [[Valuation (finance)#Valuation overview|other valuation approaches]]
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** [[Microcredit]]
** [[Mutual savings bank]]
** [[Offshore bank]]
** [[Private bank]]
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*For the typical finance [[career path]] and corresponding education requirements see:
**[[Financial analyst]] generally, and esp. [[Financial analyst#Qualification|§ Qualification]], discussing various investment, banking, and corporate roles (i.e. financial management, corporate finance, investment banking, securities analysis & valuation, portfolio & investment management, credit analysis, working capital & treasury management; see {{section link|Financial modeling |Accounting}})
**[[Quantitative analyst]], {{
*[[Business education]] lists [[undergraduate degree]]s in business, commerce, accounting and economics; "finance" may be taken as a [[academic major|major]] in most of these, whereas "quantitative finance" is almost invariably postgraduate, following a [[Mathematics education#Content and age levels|math-focused Bachelors]]; the most common degrees for (entry level) investment, banking, and corporate roles are:
**[[Bachelor of Business Administration]] (BBA)
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*At [[Business education#Postgraduate education|the postgraduate level]], the [[MBA]], [[master of commerce|MCom]] and [[Master of Science in Management|MSM]] (and recently the [[Master of Applied Economics]]) similarly offer training in finance generally; at this level there are also the following specifically focused [[master's degree]]s, with MSF the broadest - see {{section link|Master of Finance|Comparison with other qualifications}} for their focus and inter-relation:
**[[Master of Applied Finance]] (M.App.Fin)
**[[Master of Commerce]] in Finance (MCom)
**[[Master of Computational Finance]]
**Master's in Corporate Finance
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**[[Master of Quantitative Finance]] (MQF)
**[[Master of Science in Finance]] (MSF, MSc Finance)
**MS in [[Fintech]]
*[[Business education#Doctoral|Doctoral-training]] in finance is usually a requirement for [[academia]], but not relevant to industry
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**[[Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst]] (CAIA)
**[[Chartered Financial Analyst]] (CFA)
**[[
**[[CISI Diploma|CISI Diploma in Capital Markets]] (MCSI)
**[[Financial Risk Manager]] (FRM)
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**[[Chartered Institute for Securities & Investment]]
**[[Global Association of Risk Professionals|GARP]]
**[[Global Risk Institute]]
**[[ICMA Centre]]
**[[The London Institute of Banking & Finance]]
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**[[Swiss Finance Institute]]
*See also qualifications in related fields:
**{{
**[[Actuarial credentialing and exams]]
**[[Business education]]
**{{slink|Credit analyst|Education}}
**[[Economics education]]
**{{
**{{slink|Chief financial officer|Qualifications}}
== See also ==
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* [[Outline of economics]]
* [[Outline of production]]
* [[
* [[
* [[List of business theorists]]
* [[Outline of actuarial science]]
==References==
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== External links ==
{{
* [http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/ Prof. Aswath Damodaran] - financial theory, with a focus in Corporate Finance, Valuation and Investments. Updated Data, Excel Spreadsheets.
*[http://web.utk.edu/~jwachowi/wacho_world.html Web Sites for Discerning Finance Students] (Prof. John M. Wachowicz) -Links to finance web sites, grouped by topic
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[[Category:Outlines of economics|Finance]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Finance lists| ]]
[[Category:Business terms]]
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