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{{Short description|GoverningPolitical party ofin the United Kingdom}}
{{pp|reason=Returning indefinite semi-protect after end of EC|small=yes}}
{{use British English|date=January 2020}}
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}}
| youth_wing = [[Young Labour (UK)|Young Labour]]
| womens_wing = Labour Women's Network
| wing2_title = LGBT wing
| wing2 = [[LGBT+ Labour]]
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|[[Social democracy]]
}}
| position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]{{refn|<nowiki></nowiki><ref name="auto1">{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/04/europe/uk-election-europe-populist-surge-intl/index.html |title=As Europe turns right, why has a center-left party won by a landslide in the UK? |publisher=[[CNN]] |first=Luke |last=McGee |date=5 July 2024 |access-date=8 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web |title=Europe's Center-Left Can Learn a Lot From Scholz, Sanchez and Starmer |date=20 September 2023 |url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/spain-sanchez-scholz-germany/ |publisher=[[World Politics Review]]}}</ref>}}
| european = [[Party of European Socialists]]
| international = [[Progressive Alliance]]<br />[[Socialist International]] (observer)
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| affiliation1 = [[Co-operative Party]]<br />([[Labour and Co-operative]]) <br />{{collapsible list|title = Former affiliates:|[[Independent Labour Party]]<br>(1906–1932)||[[British Socialist Party]]<br>(1916–1920)|[[National Socialist Party (UK)|National Socialist Party]]<br>(1918–1939/1942)}}
| affiliation2_title = Other affiliations
| affiliation2 = [[Social Democratic and Labour Party]] (Northern Ireland) <br> [[Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party]] (Gibraltar)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.today/20140523051814/http://www.gbc.gi/news/news-details.php?id=3695 |title=GBC &#124; Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation }}</ref>
| colours = {{colour box|{{party colour|Labour Party (UK)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Red]]
| governing_body = [[National Executive Committee of the Labour Party|National Executive Committee]]
| slogan = "Change" (2024)
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{{labour|sp=uk|expanded=parties}}
{{Socialism in the UK}}
The '''Labour Party''' is a [[Social democracy|social-democratic]] [[List of political parties in the United Kingdom|political party in the United Kingdom]]. Itthat hassits beenon described as an alliance ofthe [[socialCentre-left democratpolitics|centre-left]]s, [[democraticof socialist]]s,the andpolitical [[trade union]]istsspectrum.<ref>{{citeCite booknews |last=Abou-Chadi |first=MatthewTarik |lastlast2=WorleyGingrich |first2=Jane |date=2021-05-09 |title=TheIt’s Foundationsnot ofjust thein BritishBritain Labour– Party:across IdentitiesEurope, Culturessocial anddemocracy Perspectives,is 1900–39losing its way |url=https://bookswww.googletheguardian.com/books?idcommentisfree/2021/may/09/not-just-britain-across-europe-social-democracy-losing-way |access-date=Fki0YScKbA8C&pg2024-07-17 |work=PA1The Observer |yearlanguage=2009en-GB |publisherissn=[[Ashgate0029-7712}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Publishing]]news |viatitle=[[GoogleBritain’s Books]]Labour Party embraces supply-side social democracy |isbnurl=978https://www.economist.com/britain/2023/10/11/britains-0labour-7546party-6731embraces-5supply-side-social-democracy |pagesaccess-date=1–22024-07-17 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{UpdateCite web inline|datelast=JulyClarkson 2024|?first=yesAlexander |reasondate=Does2023-09-20 this|title=Europe’s stillCenter-Left holdCan today,Learn particularlya regardingLot socialists?}}From TheScholz, LabourSanchez Partyand sitsStarmer on the [[Centre|url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/spain-leftsanchez-scholz-germany/ politics|centreaccess-left]]date=2024-07-17 of|website=World thePolitics politicalReview spectrum.|language=en-US}}</ref> It is the [[Government of the United Kingdom|governing party of the United Kingdom]], having won the [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024 general election]], and is currently the largest political party by number of votes cast and number of seats in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]]. There have been seven Labour [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|prime ministers]] and fourteen Labour [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|ministries]]. The party traditionally holds the annual [[Labour Party Conference]] during [[party conference season]], at which senior Labour figures promote party policy.
 
The Labour Party was founded in 1900, having grown out of the [[Labour movement#Trade unions|trade union movement]] and [[History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom|socialist parties of the 19th century]], and formed an alliance with the [[Co-operative Party]] in 1927. It overtook the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] to become the main opposition to the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] in the early 1920s, forming two minority governments under [[Ramsay MacDonald]] in the 1920s and early 1930s. Labour served in the [[Churchill war ministry|wartime coalition]] of 1940–1945, after which [[Attlee ministry|Clement Attlee's government]] established the [[National Health Service]] and expanded the [[welfare state]] from 1945 to 1951. Under [[Harold Wilson]] and [[James Callaghan]], Labour again governed [[Labour government, 1964–1970|from 1964 to 1970]] and [[Labour government, 1974–1979|from 1974 to 1979]]. In the 1990s, [[Tony Blair]] took Labour to the [[Centrism|political centre]] as part of his [[New Labour]] project, which governed under Blair and then [[Gordon Brown]] from 1997 to 2010. In the 2020s, [[Keir Starmer]] again took Labour to the centre and has governed since 2024.
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The new [[National Government (1931)|National Government, 1931–1935]] kept Macdonald and Snowden and two others, replacing the rest of the Laborites with Conservatives. The [[1931 United Kingdom general election|1931 election took place on 27 October.]] Labour had 6.3 million votes (31 percent), down from 8.0 million and 37 percent in 1929. Nevertheless it was reduced to a helpless minority of only 52 members, chiefly from coal mining districts. The old leadership was gone. One bright note came in 1934 when [[Herbert Morrison]] led Labour to take control of the [[London County Council]] for the first time ever.<ref>Pelling, ''A Short History of the Labour Party,'' pp.63–79.</ref><ref> R. Bassett, ''Nineteen thirty-one political crisis'' (1958) pp. 127–182. [https://archive.org/details/nineteenthirtyon0000bass/page/n5/mode/2up online]</ref>
 
In the [[1935 United Kingdom general election|1935 election]], Labour recovered to 8.0 million votes (38 percent), and [[Clement Attlee]] became Minority Leader. The Party now had 154 seats but had minimal influence in Parliament. At the local level union leaders, led by [[Ernest BevanBevin]], successfully defeated Communist infiltration.<ref> Andrew Thorpe, ''Britain in the 1930s'' (1992) pp. 41–49.</ref> In foreign policy a strong pacifist element made it slow to support the government's rearmament program. As the threat from [[Nazi Germany]] escalated, the Party gradually abandoned its pacifist stance and came to support re-armament, largely due to the efforts of Bevin and [[Hugh Dalton]]. By 1937 they had persuaded the Party to oppose [[Neville Chamberlain]]'s policy of [[European foreign policy of the Chamberlain ministry|appeasement of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy]].<ref>Pelling, ''A Short History of the Labour Party,'' pp.79–87.</ref><ref>L. C. B. Seaman, ''Post-Victorian Britain: 1902-1951'' (1966) pp. 205–246.</ref> However as late as April 1939 the Party strongly opposed conscription for the Army.<ref>Kenneth Harris, ''Attlee'' (1982) pp.161–162.</ref>
 
=== Wartime coalition (1940–1945) ===
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Labour improved its performance in [[1987 United Kingdom general election|1987]], gaining 20 seats and so reducing the Conservative majority from 143 to 102. They were now firmly re-established as the second political party in Britain as the Alliance had once again failed to make a breakthrough with seats. A merger of the SDP and Liberals formed the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]]. Following the 1987 election, the National Executive Committee resumed disciplinary action against members of Militant, who remained in the party, leading to further expulsions of their activists and the two MPs who supported the group. During the 1980s radically socialist members of the party were often described as the "[[loony left]]", particularly in the [[print media]].<ref name="Julian Petley 2005 85–107">{{cite book |title=Culture wars: the media and the British left |editor1-first=James |editor1-last=Curran |editor2-first=Julian |editor2-last=Petley |editor3-first=Ivor |editor3-last=Gaber |publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] |year=2005|isbn=978-0-7486-1917-7 |chapter=Hit and Myth |pages=85–107 |first=Julian |last=Petley}}</ref> The print media in the 1980s also began using the pejorative "hard left" to sometimes describe [[Trotskyist]] groups such as the [[Militant tendency]], [[Socialist Organiser]] and [[Socialist Action (UK)|Socialist Action]].{{sfn|Shaw|1988|p=267}} In 1988, [[1988 Labour Party leadership election (UK)|Kinnock was challenged]] by [[Tony Benn]] for the party leadership. Based on the percentages, 183 members of parliament supported Kinnock, while Benn was backed by 37. With a clear majority, Kinnock remained leader of the Labour Party.<ref name="kinnockchallenge">{{cite news |last1=Webster |first1=Philip |title=Kinnock stunned by size of his election victory |url=http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=wes_ttda&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=IF500534823&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 |access-date=5 April 2015 |work=[[The Times]] |issue=63202 |date=3 October 1988 |page=4 |url-access=subscription |via=The Times Digital Archive}}</ref>
 
[[File:Old Logo Labour Party.svg|thumb|Logo under Kinnock, Smith and Blair's leaderships|left|177x177px201x201px]]In November 1990 following a contested leadership election, [[Margaret Thatcher]] resigned as leader of the Conservative Party and was succeeded as leader and Prime Minister by [[John Major]]. Most opinion polls had shown Labour comfortably ahead of the Conservatives for more than a year before Thatcher's resignation, with the fall in Tory support blamed largely on her introduction of the unpopular [[poll tax]], combined with the fact that the economy was [[Early 1990s recession|sliding into recession]] at the time. The change of leader in the Tory government saw a turnaround in support for the Conservatives, who regularly topped the opinion polls throughout 1991 although Labour regained the lead more than once.
The "yo-yo" in the opinion polls continued into 1992, though after November 1990 any Labour lead in the polls was rarely sufficient for a majority. Major resisted Kinnock's calls for a general election throughout 1991. Kinnock campaigned on the theme "It's Time for a Change", urging voters to elect a new government after more than a decade of unbroken Conservative rule. However, the Conservatives themselves had undergone a change of leader from Thatcher to Major and replaced the Community Charge.
[[File:Official portrait of Neil Kinnock, Member of the EC (cropped).jpg|thumb|235x235px|[[Neil Kinnock]], Leader of the Opposition (1983-1992)]]
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{{see also|Premiership of Tony Blair|Premiership of Gordon Brown}}
{{further|Shadow Cabinet of Tony Blair|First Blair ministry|Second Blair ministry|Third Blair ministry|Brown ministry}}[[File:New Labour new Britain logo.svg|thumb|New Labour logo]]Blair continued to move the party further to the centre, abandoning the largely symbolic [[Clause Four]] at the 1995 mini-conference in a strategy to increase the party's appeal to "[[middle England]]". The political philosophy of New Labour was influenced by the party's development of [[Anthony Giddens]]' [[Third Way]] which attempted to provide a synthesis between [[capitalism]] and [[socialism]].
[[File:Tony Blair 1997TonyBlairBasra.jpgJPG|left|thumb|280x280px306x306px|[[Tony Blair]], Prime Minister (1997–2007)]]
[[New Labour]] was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called ''[[New Labour, New Life For Britain]]''. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun under the leadership of [[Neil Kinnock]]. New Labour as a name has no official status, but remains in common use to distinguish modernisers from those holding to more traditional positions, normally referred to as "Old Labour".
 
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On 4 April 2020, [[Keir Starmer]] was elected as Leader of the Labour Party amidst the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2020 |title=Keir Starmer elected as new Labour leader |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-52164589 |url-status=live |access-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425080229/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-52164589 |archive-date=25 April 2020}}</ref> During [[Keir Starmer's tenure as Leader of the Opposition|his tenure as opposition leader]], Starmer repositioned the party from the [[Labour left|left]] toward the [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] and [[political centre]], and emphasised the importance of eliminating [[Antisemitism in the British Labour Party|antisemitism within the party]]. Starmer led Labour to victory in the local elections in [[2023 United Kingdom local elections|2023]] and [[2024 United Kingdom local elections|2024]]. In 2023, Starmer set out five missions for [[Starmer ministry|his government]], targeting issues such as economic growth, health, clean energy, crime and education.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Chris |last2=Whannel |first2=Kate |date=23 February 2023 |title=Keir Starmer unveils Labour's five missions for the country |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-64739371 |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
 
During the [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024 general election]], Labour maintained a strong poll lead, with [[Change (manifesto)|its manifesto]] focusing on on economic growth, planning system reform, infrastructure, clean energy, healthcare, education, childcare, constitutional reform, and strengthening workers' rights.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2024 |title=Labour manifesto 2024: Find out how Labour will get Britain's future back |url=https://labour.org.uk/updates/stories/labour-manifesto-2024-sign-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613141625/https://labour.org.uk/updates/stories/labour-manifesto-2024-sign-up/ |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=12 June 2024 |website=The Labour Party}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Labour Party Manifesto 2024 |url=https://labour.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Labour-Party-manifesto-2024.pdf |journal=Labour Party Manifesto 2024}}</ref> Starmer led Labour to a landslide victory with a majority of 174, ending fourteen years of [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] government with Labour becoming the largest party in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4nglegege1o |title=General election 2024 in maps and charts |website=BBC News |date=6 July 2024 |access-date=8 July 2024}}</ref><ref name=":112">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Faye |date=5 July 2024 |title='Change begins now', Starmer says - as Labour win historic landslide |url=https://news.sky.com/story/the-labour-party-has-won-this-general-election-sunak-concedes-defeat-13162921 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705091108/https://news.sky.com/story/the-labour-party-has-won-this-general-election-sunak-concedes-defeat-13162921 |archive-date=5 July 2024 |access-date=5 July 2024 |website=[[Sky News]]}}</ref> He succeeded [[Rishi Sunak]] as prime minister on 5 July 2024, becoming the first Labour prime minister since Gordon Brown in 2010 and the first one to win a general election since Tony Blair in [[2005 United Kingdom general election|2005]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Mason |first=Rowena |date=5 July 2024 |title=Keir Starmer promises 'stability and moderation' in first speech as PM |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/article/2024/jul/05/keir-starmer-first-speech-prime-minister-pm-labour-downing-street |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> One of Starmer's first cabinet appointments was [[Rachel Reeves]] as [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]], which made her the first woman to hold the office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-05 |title=Rachel Reeves Goes for Growth as UK’sUK's First Female Chancellor |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-05/rachel-reeves-goes-for-growth-as-uk-s-first-female-chancellor |access-date=2024-07-05 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-08 |title=Rachel Reeves: First female chancellor a 'game-changer' says MP |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cnl05pyw8yjo |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>{{clear}}<!--This section is meant to be just a summary. Please do not add too much detail&nbsp;– the "History of the Labour Party (UK)" article is intended for detailed additions-->
 
== Ideology ==
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|<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://ig.ft.com/uk-general-election/2024/results/ |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.phtoday/20240708064248/https://ig.ft.com/uk-general-election/2024/results/UdZo3 |url-status=live |title=Live results: The winners in every seat}}</ref>
|}
[[File:Popular vote.jpg|thumb|A graph showing the percentage of the popular vote received by major parties in general elections (1832–2005).|400x400px]]
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* Kavanagh, Dennis. ''The Politics of the Labour Party'' (Routledge, 2013).
* Morgan, Kenneth O. ''Labour People: Leaders and Lieutenants, Hardie to Kinnock'' (Oxford UP, 1992), scholarly biographies of 30 key leaders.
* Morgan, Kenneth O. "United Kingdom: A Comparative Case Study of Labour Prime Ministers Attlee, Wilson, Callaghan and Blair" ''The Journal of Legislative Studies'' 10.2-3 (2004): 38-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/135723304200032220
 
* Pelling, Henry; and Alastair J. Reid. '' A Short History of the Labour Party'' (12th ed. 2005) [https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofla0000reid/page/n4/mode/1up online]
* Pimlott, Ben, and Chris Cook, eds. ''Trade unions in British politics: the first 250 years'' (2nd ed. Longman, 1991)
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