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Liquid hydrogen can be used as the fuel for an [[internal combustion engine]] or [[fuel cell]]. Various submarines, including the ([[Type 212 submarine]], [[Type 214 submarine]]), and others, and concept [[hydrogen vehicle]]s have been built using this form of hydrogen (see [[DeepC]], [[BMW H2R]]). Due to its similarity, builders can sometimes modify and share equipment with systems designed for [[liquefied natural gas]] (LNG). Liquid hydrogen is being investigated as a [[Zero-carbon|zero carbon fuel]] for [[Hydrogen-powered aircraft|aircraft]]. However, because of the lower [[Energy density#Energy density in energy storage and in fuel|volumetric energy]], the hydrogen volumes needed for combustion are large. Unless [[fuel injection#Direct injection systems|direct injection]] is used, a severe gas-displacement effect also hampers maximum breathing and increases pumping losses.
Liquid hydrogen is also used to cool neutrons to be used in [[neutron scattering]]. Since neutrons and hydrogen nuclei have similar masses, kinetic energy exchange per interaction is maximum ([[elastic collision]]). Finally, superheated liquid hydrogen was used in many [[bubble chamber]] experiments.
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