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{{Short description|none}}
<!-- <span style="color:red">Note for editors: Please add a reference with your entry. Reference inclusion with original entry is much easier than post-hoc addition.</span> -->
This is a list of [[mnemonic]]s used in [[medicine]] and medical science, categorized and alphabetized. A mnemonic is any technique that assists the human memory with information retention or retrieval by making abstract or impersonal information more accessible and meaningful, and therefore easier to remember; many of them are acronyms or initialisms which reduce a lengthy set of terms to a single, easy-to-remember word or phrase.
==Mnemonics with wikipages==
{{dynamic list}}
# [[ABC (medicine)|ABC]] — airway, breathing, and circulation<ref>{{citation |title=An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine |isbn=978-0521747769 |last1=Mahadevan |last2=Garmel |year=2012 |page=831|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref>
# [[AEIOU-TIPS]] — causes of [[altered mental status]]
# [[APGAR]] — a [[backronym]] for appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration (used to assess newborn babies)<ref>{{cite journal|last1=APGAR|first1=V|title=A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant.|journal=Current Researches in Anesthesia & Analgesia|date=1953|volume=32|issue=4|pages=260–7|pmid=13083014|doi=10.1213/00000539-195301000-00041}}</ref>
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* '''M'''onitors (EKG, SpO2, EtCO2, etc.)
* '''S'''uction
* '''M'''achine check (according to ASA guidelines)
* '''A'''irway equipment (ETT, laryngoscope, oral/nasal airway)
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'''DOPE''':
* '''D'''isplaced (usually right mainstem,
* '''O'''bstruction (kinked or bitten tube, mucous plug, etc.)
* '''P'''neumothorax (collapsed lung)
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* '''C'''oncentration loss
* '''E'''nergy loss
* '''D'''epressed mood
* '''I'''nterest wanes
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* '''I'''nterest decreased (anhedonia)
* '''G'''uilt and/or feelings of worthlessness
* '''E'''nergy decreased
* '''C'''oncentration problems
* '''A'''ppetite/weight changes
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* '''A'''ttacks of sleep
* '''P'''aralysis on waking
*Usual presentation is a young male, hence "chap"
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* '''A'''ge (adolescent or elderly)
* '''D'''epression
* '''P'''revious attempt
* '''E'''thanol abuse
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* [[thiamine|'''T'''hiamine]] (vitamin B1, also spelled thiamin)
* [[riboflavin|'''R'''iboflavin]] (vitamin B2)
* [[
* [[pyridoxine|'''P'''yridoxine]] (vitamin B6)
* [[cobalamin|'''C'''obalamin]] (vitamin B12)
===Essential amino acids===
"'''
* '''P'''he – [[phenylalanine]]
* '''V'''al – [[valine]]
* '''T'''hr – [[threonine]]
* '''T'''rp – [[tryptophan]]
* '''I'''le – [[isoleucine]]
* '''M'''et – [[methionine]]
* '''H'''is – [[histidine]]
* '''A'''rg – [[arginine]]
* '''L'''eu – [[leucine]]
* '''L'''ys – [[lysine]]
*Always argue: A is for Arg (Arginine) not Asp (Aspartic acid).
*'Never tire': T is not Tyr (Tyrosine), but is both Thr (Theronine) and Trp (Tryptophan).
†Note that this initialism uses single letters for each amino acid that are ''not'' the same as the standard single-letter codes commonly used in molecular biology to uniquely specify each amino acid; for example, though [[phenylalanine]] is represented here by the letter "P", it is formally represented by the letter "F" in most other contexts, and "P" is instead used to formally represent [[proline]].
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===Fat-soluble vitamins===
===Folate deficiency: causes===
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* '''A'''lcoholism
* '''F'''olic acid antagonists
* '''O'''ral contraceptives
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* '''I'''nfection with ''[[Giardia]]''
* [[celiac sprue|'''C'''eliac sprue]]
* [[Dilantin|'''D'''ilantin]]
* '''R'''elative folate deficiency
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* '''A'''nderson's = '''B'''ranching enzyme
* '''C'''ori's = '''D'''ebranching enzyme
*Otherwise, cannot really distinguish clinically.
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* 6 - '''L'''igases
* 7 - '''T'''ranslocases
==Cardiology==
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* '''H'''ypothermia
* '''E'''mbolism (P.E.)
* '''A'''lcohol
* '''T'''rauma (cardiac contusion)
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* '''A'''trial enlargement
* '''L'''one or idiopathic
* '''F'''ever, anemia, high-output states
* '''I'''nfarct
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'''T'''achycardia >100bpm '''(1.5)'''
'''I'''
'''P'''revious DVT/PE
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===Causes of life-threatening chest pain===
'''PET-MAC'''<ref>
* '''P''' = [[Pulmonary embolism]]
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===GCS intubation===
Under 8, intubate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural-health/providers/upload/2009-12-08-EMS-Webinar-Slides.pdf |title=Pediatric Brain Care |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |archive-date=
===Ipecac: contraindications===
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'''X'''-ray shows collapse
===TWEED SASH===
Non-pharmacological analgesia.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1284288277 |title=Fundamentals of pharmacology for paramedics |date=2022 |others=Ian Peate, Suzanne Evans, Lisa Clegg |isbn=978-1-119-72428-5 |location=Chichester, West Sussex |chapter=Chapter 8: Analgesics. |oclc=1284288277}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|+
! colspan="2" |Non-Pharmacological Analgesic Strategies
|-
! colspan="2" |'''Psychological Interventions'''
|-
|'''T'''
|Therapeutic Touch (e.g. hand-holding)
|-
|'''W'''
|Warn about painful interventions
|-
|'''E'''
|Explain what is, or is about to, happen
|-
|'''E'''
|Eye contact
|-
|'''D'''
|Defend (patient) dignity
|-
! colspan="2" |'''Physical Interventions'''
|-
|'''S'''
|Stabilise fractures
|-
|'''A'''
|Apply dressings to cover burns
|-
|'''S'''
|Soft surface (avoid rigid spinal boards or stretchers)
|-
|'''H'''
|Hypothermia avoidance
|}
===Ventricular fibrillation: treatment===
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'''Momma'''= MgSO<sub>4</sub>
'''Poppa'''=
=== Causes of [[Nonunion|fracture non-union]] ===
SPLINT <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Education |first=Oxford Medical |date=2015-02-17 |title=Trauma & Orthopaedics Mnemonics |url=https://oxfordmedicaleducation.com/medical-mnemonics/trauma-orthopaedics-mnemonics/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Oxford Medical Education |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* '''S'''oft tissue interposition
* '''P'''osition of reduction
* '''L'''ocation of fracture
* '''I'''nfection
* '''N'''utritional (damaged vessel/ diseased bone)
* '''T'''umour (pathological fracture)
=== Classical signs of acute [[compartment syndrome]] ===
The 6 '''P'''<nowiki/>'s of com'''P'''artment syndrome:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cone |first=Jennifer |last2=Inaba |first2=Kenji |date=2017-10-01 |title=Lower extremity compartment syndrome |url=https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000094 |journal=Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=e000094 |doi=10.1136/tsaco-2017-000094 |issn=2397-5776|pmc=5877908 }}</ref>
# '''P'''ain.
# '''P'''aresthesia.
# '''P'''oikilothermia.
# '''P'''allor.
# '''P'''aralysis.
# '''P'''ulselessness.
==Endocrine==
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'''G'''uarding: muscular tension when touched
'''E'''
'''R'''ebound tenderness: infection
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|-
|'''Meaning:'''||'''C'''ord compression ||'''H'''ead compression || '''O'''2 || '''P'''lacental insufficiency
|}<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0rvL70idQUC&q=VEAL+CHOP+mnemonics&pg=PA5 | title=NCLEX-RN EXCEL: Test Success through Unfolding Case Study Review| isbn=9780826106018| date=2010-02-23| publisher=Springer}}</ref>
===Neurovascular assessment===
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===Trauma assessment===
'''
[[Deformity|'''D'''eformities]] & discolorations
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[[Swelling (medical)|'''S'''welling]] & symmetry
'''BP-DOC'''
'''B'''leeding
'''P'''ain
'''D'''eformities
'''O'''pen wounds
[[Crepitus|'''C'''repitus]]
===Toxicological seizures: causes===
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'''E'''vents leading up to the injury and/or illness
'''[[OPQRST|OPQRST history]]'''
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'''R'''adiation:
'''I'''ntensity: how severe (scale
'''D'''uration: acute vs. chronic
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'''"A VITAMIN C"'''
'''A'''cquired
'''V'''ascular
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'''T'''rauma
'''H'''
'''I'''mmunizations
'''S'''urgeries
'''SMASH FM''':
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'''H'''ospitalizations
'''F'''amily history
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'''D'''rugs
'''T'''obacco
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'''A'''cidosis (refractory to treatment)
'''E'''lectrolyte abnormalities (refractory to treatment,
'''I'''ngestions (
'''O'''verload (volume overload refractory to IV diuresis)
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===Friedreich ataxia trinucleotide repeat===
Guanine
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'''A'''lcohol
'''K'''etoconazole<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HjtuM-Fof9MC&q=Some+Drugs+Create+Awesome+Knockers+Spironolactone%2C+Digoxin%2C+Cimetidine%2C+Alcohol%2C+Ketoconazole&pg=PA491 | title=Pharmacology Recall | access-date=13 May 2015| isbn=9780781755627 | last1=Ramachandran | first1=Anand | year=2007 | publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins }}</ref>
==Psychiatry==
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'''P'''ain
'''I'''
'''N'''ihilistic
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'''I'''nfection (PUS = Pneumonia, UTI, Skin)
'''M'''etabolic (
'''E'''nvironmental
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'''P'''oo
'''I WATCH DEATH'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://geri-em.com/cognitive-impairment/causes-of-delirium/|title=Causes of Delirium | Geri-EM}}</ref><br />
'''I'''nfections – PUS, CNS
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'''H'''ypoxia – CHF, anemia
'''D'''
'''E'''ndocrinopathies – hypo-/hyper-cortisol, hypoglycemia
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'''B'''ronchospasm
'''B'''ronchorrhea<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7_NBQAAQBAJ&q=Killer+Bs+in+cholinergic%2C+bradycardia%2C+bronchorrhea%2C+bronchospasm&pg=PA129 | title=Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Car | author=Burchum, Jacqueline| isbn=9780323340267 | date=2014-12-02 | publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences }}</ref>
also known as '''DUMBBELLS'''
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'''P'''ostintubation management<ref>{{cite web|last=Cooper|first=Angus|title=Rapid Sequence Intubation - A guide for assistants|url=http://www.scottishintensivecare.org.uk/education/RSI%20brochure.pdf|work=Scottish Intensive Care Society Education|publisher=NHS - Education for Scotland|access-date=31 March 2013}}</ref>
===Medications that may be administrated by the endotracheal tube===
'''LEAN/NEAL'''
'''L'''idocaine hydrochloride
'''E'''pinephrine
'''A'''tropine Sulfate
'''N'''aloxone hydrochloride<ref>{{cite web|last=Raehl|first=CL|title=Endotracheal drug therapy in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3527527/|work=NIH|publisher= NIH - National Library of Medicine |access-date=12 March 2024}}</ref>
===Pentad of TTP===
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'''D'''iscoid rash however, not in order of diagnostic importance.
=== Causes of [[carpal tunnel syndrome]] ===
'''MEDIAN TRAP'''<ref name=":1" />
* '''M'''yxoedema
* '''E'''dema (heart failure, OCP, pre-menstrual)
* '''D'''iabetes mellitus
* '''I'''diopathic
* '''A'''cromegaly
* '''N'''eoplasia
* '''T'''rauma
* '''R'''heumatoid arthritis
* '''A'''myloidosis
* '''P'''regnancy
=== [[Carpal tunnel syndrome#Treatment|Carpal tunnel syndrome management]] ===
'''WRIST'''<ref name=":1" />
* '''W'''ear splint at night
* '''R'''est
* '''I'''nject steroids
* '''S'''urgical decompression
* '''T'''ake diuretics
==References==
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==Further reading==
* {{citation |title=Mnemonics for Medical Undergraduates |isbn=1904627889 |author1=Shahed Yousaf |author2=Mubeen Chaudhry |year=2006|publisher=PasTest }}.
* {{citation |title=Mnemonics and Study Tips for Medical Students |isbn=978-0340957479 |first=Khalid |last=Khan |year=2008|publisher=CRC Press }}.
* {{citation |title=Science & Math Rhymes 2 Help U |isbn=978-0-615-89569-7 |first=Alan |last=Beech |year=2013|publisher=Alan Beech }}.
* [http://epomedicine.com/medical-mnemonics/ Epomedicine Medical Mnemonics]
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