This is a list of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by length of tenure. This is based on the difference between dates; if counted by the number of calendar days, the figures would be one day greater for each term served.
The term prime minister appeared in the early eighteenth century as an unofficial title for the leader of the government, usually the head of the Treasury.[1] Jonathan Swift, for example, wrote that in 1713 there had been "those who are now commonly called Prime Minister among us", referring to Sidney Godolphin and Robert Harley, Queen Anne's lord treasurers and chief ministers.[2] Robert Walpole is regarded as the first prime minister; he became First Lord of the Treasury of Great Britain in 1721. This list includes all prime ministers of the Kingdom of Great Britain, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the modern-day United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Notable lengths
Most non-consecutive terms
Longest-serving prime minister in the 20th century
Of the 57 past prime ministers, nine served more than 10 years while eight served less than a year.[5] Robert Walpole is the only person to have served as prime minister for more than two decades. Liz Truss is the shortest-serving prime minister, resigning after seven weeks.[4][6][7] The previous shortest time served was George Canning, who served for less than four months before dying in office.[8] Margaret Thatcher, in office for 11 years and 288 days between 1979 and 1990, is the longest serving prime minister in modern history,[3] and the longest-serving prime minister officially referred to as such.[9][10] William Gladstone is the only person to have served four separate terms.
List of office holders by tenure
In this table, "Terms" is the number of separate periods served as prime minister.
Rank | Prime Minister | Tenure length | Terms | Party | Start | End | Reason for exit | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sir Robert Walpole | 20 years, 314 days | 1 | Whig | 1721 | 1742 | Resigned | [5] |
2 | William Pitt the Younger | 18 years, 343 days | 2 | Tory (Pittite) | 1783 | 1801 | Resigned | [5] |
1804 | 1806 | Died | ||||||
3 | The Earl of Liverpool | 14 years, 305 days | 1 | Tory (Pittite) | 1812 | 1827 | Resigned due to illness | [11] |
4 | The Marquess of Salisbury | 13 years, 252 days | 3 | Conservative | 1885 | 1886 | [11] | |
1886 | 1892 | |||||||
1895 | 1902 | Resigned due to illness | ||||||
5 | William Ewart Gladstone | 12 years, 126 days | 4 | Liberal | 1868 | 1874 | [11] | |
1880 | 1885 | |||||||
1886 | 1886 | |||||||
1892 | 1894 | Resigned | ||||||
6 | Lord North | 12 years, 58 days | 1 | Tory (Northite) | 1770 | 1782 | Resigned | [11] |
7 | Margaret Thatcher | 11 years, 208 days | 1 | Conservative | 1979 | 1990 | Resigned | [11] |
8 | Henry Pelham | 10 years, 191 days | 1 | Whig | 1743 | 1754 | Died | [11] |
9 | Sir Tony Blair | 10 years, 56 days | 1 | Labour | 1997 | 2007 | Resigned | [11] |
10 | The Viscount Palmerston | 9 years, 141 days | 2 | Whig / Liberal | 1855 | 1858 | [5] | |
1859 | 1865 | Died | ||||||
11 | H. H. Asquith | 8 years, 244 days | 1 | Liberal | 1908 | 1916 | Resigned | [11] |
12 | Sir Winston Churchill | 8 years, 239 days | 2 | Conservative | 1940 | 1945 | Defeated in election | [5] |
1951 | 1955 | Resigned due to illness | ||||||
13 | Harold Wilson | 7 years, 279 days | 2 | Labour | 1964 | 1970 | Defeated in election | [11] |
1974 | 1976 | Resigned | ||||||
14 | The Duke of Newcastle | 7 years, 205 days | 2 | Whig | 1754 | 1756 | [5] | |
1757 | 1762 | |||||||
15 | Stanley Baldwin | 7 years, 82 days | 3 | Conservative | 1923 | 1924 | Lack of majority after election | [5] |
1924 | 1929 | Defeated in election | ||||||
1935 | 1937 | Resigned | ||||||
16 | Benjamin Disraeli | 6 years, 339 days | 2 | Conservative | 1868 | 1868 | Election | [5] |
1874 | 1880 | Election | ||||||
17 | Ramsay MacDonald | 6 years, 289 days | 2 | Labour | 1924 | 1924 | Defeated in election | [5] |
Labour / National Labour | 1929 | 1935 | Resigned due to illness | |||||
18 | Harold Macmillan | 6 years, 281 days | 1 | Conservative | 1957 | 1963 | Resigned due to illness | [11] |
19 | The Viscount Melbourne | 6 years, 255 days | 2 | Whig | 1834 | 1834 | [5] | |
1835 | 1841 | Defeated in election | ||||||
20 | Sir John Major | 6 years, 155 days | 1 | Conservative | 1990 | 1997 | Defeated in election | [5] |
21 | Lord John Russell | 6 years, 110 days | 2 | Whig / Liberal | 1846 | 1852 | Defeated in election | [5] |
1865 | 1866 | Resigned | ||||||
22 | Clement Attlee | 6 years, 92 days | 1 | Labour | 1945 | 1951 | Defeated in election | [11] |
23 | David Cameron | 6 years, 63 days | 1 | Conservative | 2010 | 2016 | Resigned | [11] |
24 | David Lloyd George | 5 years, 317 days | 1 | Liberal | 1916 | 1922 | Resigned | [5] |
25 | Sir Robert Peel | 5 years, 57 days | 2 | Conservative | 1834 | 1835 | Defeated in election | [11] |
1841 | 1846 | Resigned | ||||||
26 | The Earl of Derby | 3 years, 280 days | 3 | Conservative | 1852 | 1852 | [11] | |
1858 | 1859 | |||||||
1866 | 1868 | Resigned due to illness | ||||||
27 | Edward Heath | 3 years, 259 days | 1 | Conservative | 1970 | 1974 | Defeated in election | [11] |
28 | The Earl Grey | 3 years, 229 days | 1 | Whig | 1830 | 1834 | Resigned | [5] |
29 | Arthur Balfour | 3 years, 145 days | 1 | Conservative | 1902 | 1905 | Resigned | [5] |
30 | The Duke of Portland | 3 years, 82 days | 2 | Whig / Tory (Pittite) | 1783 | 1783 | [11] | |
1807 | 1809 | Resigned due to illness | ||||||
31 | Henry Addington | 3 years, 54 days | 1 | Tory (Pittite) | 1801 | 1804 | Replaced | [11] |
32 | Boris Johnson | 3 years, 44 days | 1 | Conservative | 2019 | 2022 | Resigned | [11] |
33 | James Callaghan | 3 years, 29 days | 1 | Labour | 1976 | 1979 | Defeated in election | [5] |
34 | Theresa May | 3 years, 11 days | 1 | Conservative | 2016 | 2019 | Resigned | [11] |
35 | Neville Chamberlain | 2 years, 348 days | 1 | Conservative | 1937 | 1940 | Resigned | [5] |
36 | The Duke of Wellington | 2 years, 320 days | 2 | Tory | 1828 | 1830 | Replaced | [5] |
1834 | 1834 | Caretaker | ||||||
37 | Gordon Brown | 2 years, 318 days | 1 | Labour | 2007 | 2010 | Defeated in election | [5] |
38 | Spencer Perceval | 2 years, 221 days | 1 | Tory (Pittite) | 1809 | 1812 | Assassinated | [5] |
39 | Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman | 2 years, 122 days | 1 | Liberal | 1905 | 1908 | Resigned due to illness | [5] |
40 | George Grenville | 2 years, 85 days | 1 | Whig (Grenvillite) | 1763 | 1765 | Replaced | [11] |
41 | The Earl of Chatham | 2 years, 76 days | 1 | Whig (Chathamite) | 1766 | 1768 | Resigned due to illness | [11] |
42 | The Earl of Aberdeen | 2 years, 42 days | 1 | Peelite | 1852 | 1855 | Resigned | [5] |
43 | Sir Anthony Eden | 1 year, 279 days | 1 | Conservative | 1955 | 1957 | Resigned due to illness | [11] |
44 | Rishi Sunak | 1 year, 300 days | 1 | Conservative | 2022 | 2024 | Defeated in election | [11] |
45 | The Earl of Wilmington | 1 year, 119 days | 1 | Whig | 1742 | 1743 | Died | [11] |
46 | The Marquess of Rockingham | 1 year, 113 days | 2 | Whig (Rockinghamite) | 1765 | 1766 | Resigned | [5] |
1782 | 1782 | Died | ||||||
47 | The Earl of Rosebery | 1 year, 109 days | 1 | Liberal | 1894 | 1895 | Election | [11] |
48 | The Duke of Grafton | 1 year, 106 days | 1 | Whig (Chathamite) | 1768 | 1770 | Resigned | [5] |
49 | The Lord Grenville | 1 year, 42 days | 1 | Whig | 1806 | 1807 | Replaced | [11] |
50 | Sir Alec Douglas-Home | 363 days | 1 | Conservative (Scot. Unionist) | 1963 | 1964 | Defeated in election | [11] |
51 | The Earl of Bute | 317 days | 1 | Tory | 1762 | 1763 | Resigned | [5] |
52 | The Earl of Shelburne | 266 days | 1 | Whig (Chathamite) | 1782 | 1783 | Replaced | [11] |
53 | The Duke of Devonshire | 225 days | 1 | Whig | 1756 | 1757 | Replaced | [5] |
54 | Andrew Bonar Law | 211 days | 1 | Conservative (Scot. Unionist) | 1922 | 1923 | Resigned due to illness | [5] |
55 | The Viscount Goderich | 144 days | 1 | Tory (Canningite) | 1827 | 1828 | Replaced | [5] |
56 | George Canning | 119 days | 1 | Tory (Canningite) | 1827 | 1827 | Died | [11] |
57 | Liz Truss | 49 days | 1 | Conservative | 2022 | 2022 | Resigned | [12][11] |
58 | Sir Keir Starmer | 46 days | 1 | Labour | 2024 | Incumbent | [11] |
Disputed
Prime Minister | Length served | Terms in office | Party | Start and end | Reason for exit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Earl Waldegrave | 4 days | 0 | Whig | 1757 | Unsupported |
The Earl of Bath | 2 days | 0 | Whig | 1746 | Unsupported |
See also
- History of the prime minister of the United Kingdom
- List of leaders of the opposition of the United Kingdom by length of tenure
- List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom
- List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom by age
- List of prime ministers of Australia by time in office
- List of prime ministers of Canada by time in office
- List of prime ministers of New Zealand by time in office
References
- ^ Dodd, A. H. (1956). The Growth of Responsible Government from James the First to Victoria. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 50.
- ^ Marriott, J. A. R. (1925). English Political Institutions. Oxford University Press, Oxford. p. 87.
- ^ a b "Baroness Margaret Thatcher: Conservative 1979 to 1990". GOV.UK. Crown. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
- ^ a b "Liz Truss doubles down on disastrous 'growth' plan in farewell speech". The Independent. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "Past Prime Ministers". gov.uk. Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 25 August 2008.
- ^ Marx, Willem (20 October 2022). "British Prime Minister Liz Truss resigns after weeks of criticism and turmoil". NPR. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ Landler, Mark; Castle, Stephen (20 October 2022). "Here is the latest on the political turmoil in Britain". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ Fortescue, Ali (20 October 2022). "The divided Tories won't find it easy choosing a new PM". Sky News. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ Mackay, Robert (28 December 1987). "Thatcher longest serving British prime minister". United Press International. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
- ^ Marriott, John (1923). English Political Institutions: An Introductory Study (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 83. OL 17361473W.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae "British Prime Ministers | University of Oxford". www.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
KeirStarmer
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).