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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Russia]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Moscow Oblast|Podmoskovye]]
| length = {{convert|473|km|abbr=on}}
| source1 = [[Moskva (river)| Moskva]]
| source1_location = Sychiki, Podmoskovye
| source1_elevation = ▼
| source1_coordinates = {{Coord|55.514|35.364|format=dms|display=i}}
▲| source1_elevation = {{Convert|246|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| mouth = [[Oka (river)|Oka]]
| mouth_location = [[Kolomna]], Podmoskovye
| mouth_elevation = ▼
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|55.0753|38.8453|format=dms|region:RU|display=it}}
▲| mouth_elevation = {{Convert|98|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg =
| progression = {{ROka}}
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| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| extra = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=6 |height=250 | stroke-width=1.5 |coord {{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}
 
The '''Moskva'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Здановский И. А. Бассейн реки Москвы // Каталог рек и озёр Московской губернии |url=http://elib.shpl.ru/pages/650530/zooms/7}}</ref> ({{lang-ru|река Москва, Москва-река}}, ''Moskva-reka'') is a river runningthat flows through [[European Russia|western Russia]]. It [[River source|rises]] about {{convert|140|km|abbr=on|-1}} west of [[Moscow]] and flows roughly east through the [[Smolensk Oblast|Smolensk]] and [[Moscow Oblast]]s, passing through central Moscow. About {{convert|110|km|abbr=on|-1}} southeast of Moscow, at the city of [[Kolomna]], it flows into the [[Oka (river)|Oka]], itself a tributary of the [[Volga]], which ultimately flows into the [[Caspian Sea]].
 
==History==
According to recent studies, the current riverbed of the Moscow River was occupied about 12 thousand years ago<ref>{{Cite web |last=жизнь |first=Редакция журнала Наука и |date=2018-11-23 |title=Историю Москвы-реки восстановили по донным отложениям |url=https://www.nkj.ru/news/34928/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=www.nkj.ru |language=ru}}</ref>
 
In addition to Finnic tribes, the Moskva River is also the origin of Slavic tribes such as the [[Vyatichi]] tribe.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ot Rusi do Rossii|last=Chubarʹi︠a︡n, A. O. (Aleksandr Oganovich) Danilevskiĭ, I. N. (Igorʹ Nikolaevich)|date=2009|publisher=OLMA Media Grupp|pages=121|oclc=891462599}}</ref>
[[File:Moskva river 2020-07 Beloozersky.jpg|thumb|River pusher with barge on the Moskva riverRiver (2020)]]
 
==Etymology==
{{Main|Moscow#Etymology}}
''Moskva'' and ''Moscow'' are two different renderings of the same Russian word ''Москва''. The city is named after the river. Finnic [[Volga Finns|Merya]] and [[Muroma]] people, who originally inhabited the area, called the river ''Mustajoki'', in English: ''Black river''. It has been suggested that the name of the city derives from this term,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ruotsin itämaa|last=Tarkiainen|first=Kari|publisher=Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland|year=2010|isbn=978-951-583-212-2|location=Helsinki|pages=19}}</ref> although [[Moscow#Etymology|several theories exist]]. To distinguish the river and the city, Russians usually call the river ''Moskva-reka'' (Moskva river) instead of just ''Moskva''.
The name of the city is thought to be derived from the name of the river.<ref name="Vasmer">{{Vasmer|Москва}}</ref><ref name="Smol">{{cite book |last1=Smolitskaya |first1=G.P. |title=Toponimicheskyi slovar' Tsentral'noy Rossii |script-title=ru:Топонимический словарь Центральной России |date=2002 |pages=211–2017 |language=ru}}</ref> Several theories of the origin of the name have been proposed.
 
The most linguistically well-grounded and widely accepted is from the Proto-Balto-Slavic root *''mŭzg''-/''muzg''- from the [[Proto-Indo-European]] *''{{PIE|meu}}''- "wet",<ref name="Smol" /><ref name="Trubach">{{cite book |editor-last=Trubachyov |editor-first=O.N. |editor-link=Oleg Trubachyov |title=Etimologicheskyi slovar' slavyanskikh yazykov |script-title=ru:Этимологический словарь славянских языков |date=1994 |at=V. 20: pp. 19–20, 197, 202–203; V. 21: pp. 12, 19–20, 76–79 |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pokorny |first1=Julius |author-link=Julius Pokorny |title=Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch |chapter=meu |chapter-url=http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/ielex/U/P1312.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310064838/http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/ielex/U/P1312.html |archive-date=March 10, 2016 }}</ref> so the name ''Moskva'' might signify a river at a wetland or a marsh.<ref name="Vasmer" /> Its [[cognate]]s include {{lang-ru|музга}}, {{lang|ru-Latn|muzga}} "pool, puddle", {{lang-lt|mazgoti}} and {{lang-lv|mazgāt}} "to wash", {{lang-sa|májjati}} "to drown", {{lang-la|mergō}} "to dip, immerse".<ref name="Vasmer" /><ref name="Trubach" /> In many Slavic countries Moskov is a surname, most common in Russia, [[Bulgaria]], [[Ukraine]] and [[North Macedonia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forebears.io/surnames/moskov|title=Moskov Surname Meaning, Origins & Distribution|website=forebears.io|access-date=December 10, 2018|archive-date=December 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010136/https://forebears.io/surnames/moskov|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, there are similarly named places in [[Poland]] like [[Mozgawa]].<ref name="Vasmer" /><ref name="Smol" /><ref name="Trubach" />
 
According to one of the [[Finno-Ugric languages|Finno-Ugric]] hypotheses, the [[Volga Finns|Merya]] and [[Muromians|Muroma]] people, who were among the several pre-Slavic tribes which originally inhabited the area, called the river ''Mustajoki'' "Black river", and the name of the river derives from this term.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tarkiainen |first=Kari |title=Ruotsin itämaa |publisher=Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland |year=2010 |isbn=978-951-583-212-2 |location=Helsinki |page=19}}</ref> Various other theories (of [[Celtic languages|Celtic]], [[Iranian languages|Iranian]], [[Languages of the Caucasus|Caucasic]] origins), having little or no scientific ground, are now largely rejected by contemporary linguists.<ref name="Vasmer" /><ref name="Smol" />
 
To distinguish the river and the city, Russians usually call the river ''Moskva-reka'' (Moskva river) instead of just ''Moskva''.
 
==Hydrology==
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[[File:Moscow river 1.jpg|thumb|right|Moskva River in central Moscow, view towards the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]]]]
 
The river is {{convert|473|km|mi|abbr=on}} long (or {{convert|502|km|mi|abbr=on}}),<ref>[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article078402.html Москва (река)], [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]</ref> and the area of its [[drainage basin]] is {{convert|17,600|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=gvr>[http://textual.ru/gvr/index.php?card=178461 «Река МОСКВА»], Russian State Water Registry</ref> It has a vertical drop of {{convert|155|m|ft|abbr=on}} (long-term average). The maximum depth is {{convert|3|m|ft}} above Moscow city limits, and up to {{convert|6|m|ft}} below it.<ref>All numerical data: Russian: Энциклопедия "Москва", M, 1997 (''Encyclopedia of Moscow'', Moscow, 1997)</ref> Normally, it freezes in November–December and begins to thaw around late March. In Moscow, the river freezes occasionally;{{contradict-inline|date=October 2013}} duringDuring an unusually warm winter in 2006–2007, ice began melting on January 25. The portion of the river running through Moscow only freezes occasionally on account of contamination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moscow River |url=https://izi.travel/en/476b-moscow-river/en |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=IZI Travel |language=en}}</ref>

The absolute water level in downtown Moscow is {{convert|120|m|ft}} above sea level (long-term average of summer lows after [[World War II]]); a historical maximum of {{convert|127.25|m|ft}} above sea level was set by the 1908 flood.<ref name="BM">Russian: Носарев В.А., Скрябина, Т.А., "Мосты Москвы", М, "Вече", 2004, стр.194 (''Bridges of Moscow'', 2004, p.194) {{ISBN|5-9533-0183-9}}</ref>
 
==Sources of water==
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==Islands==
Canals, built within [[Moscow]] city limits, have created a number of islands. Some of them have names in Russian, some have none. Major, permanent islands (west to east) are:
 
*[[Serebryany Bor]]. Separated from the mainland in the 1930s.▼
One of the most famous is an unnamed artificial island in the center of the city between the river proper and the Bypass Canal<ref>{{Cite web |last=жизнь |first=Редакция журнала Наука и |date=2007-03-03 |title=ОСТРОВ В ЦЕНТРЕ МОСКВЫ |url=http://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/9314/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=www.nkj.ru |language=ru}}</ref>
▲*[[Serebryany Bor (park)]]. Separated from the mainland in the 1930s.
*[[Tatarskaya Poyma]], commonly known as ''Mnyovniki''. Separated from the mainland in the 1930s
*[[BalchugIsland (Zamoskvorechye)|Balchug Island]], also known as Bolotny Ostrov, lying just opposite the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]]. The island was formed by the construction of the [[Vodootvodny Canal]] in the 1780s, and has no official name in Russian. Moscow residents informally call it "Bolotny Ostrov" (Bog Island) while members of Moscow's English-speaking community refer to it as ''Balchug''.
*One uninhabited island north of [[Nagatinsky Zaton District|Nagatino]].
*Three uninhabited islands east of [[Nagatinsky Zaton District|Nagatino]], connected by the [[Pererva]] [[dam]] and [[Lock (water transport)|lock]] system.
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==Recreation==
[[File:Winter, decline on the Moskva River.JPG|right|thumb|January 2012 Sunset near the Moskva River]]
[[File:Moscow River near the Kremlin walls.jpg|thumb|MoscowMoskva River near the Kremlin walls]]
There is a fleet of river ice-breaker cruisers which ply routes from moorings at the [[Radisson Royal Hotel, Moscow|Hotel Ukraine]] and [[Gorky Park (Moscow)|Gorky Park]] to the [[Novospassky Monastery]] and back. Duration of trips ranges from 1.5 to 3 hours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gudok.ru/transport/vodniy/news.php?ID=332409 |script-title=ru:Москвичи смогут поплавать на ледоколах |date=2009-11-13 |work=Water transport |publisher=[Gudok.ru] |language=ru |access-date=21 November 2009 |location=[[Moscow]], [[Russia]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726082812/http://www.gudok.ru/transport/vodniy/news.php?ID=332409 |archive-date=July 26, 2011 }}</ref>
 
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==External links==
{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Moskva |short=x}}
 
{{Authority control}}
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