Maria Mies: Difference between revisions

Mies was born in [[Hillesheim, Rhineland-Palatinate|Hillesheim]], Germany, on 6 February 1931 to Johann and Gertrud Mies.<ref name="Bauer">{{cite web |last=Schuster |first=Stefan |title=Maria Mies |url=https://www.fritz-bauer-forum.de/datenbank/maria-mies/ |access-date=17 May 2023 |website=fritz-bauer-forum.de |publisher=Buxus Stiftung |date=2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308090021/https://www.fritz-bauer-forum.de/datenbank/maria-mies/ |archive-date=8 March 2023 |location=Bochum, Germany |language=de |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Franken">{{cite web |last=Franken |first=Irene |title=Maria Mies |url=https://www.frauengeschichtsverein.de/start-und-news/frau-des-monats-2021/februar-2021/ |access-date=19 May 2023 |website=frauengeschichtsverein.de |publisher=Kölner Frauengeschichtsverein e.V. |date=2021 |location=Cologne, Germany |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516163104/https://www.frauengeschichtsverein.de/start-und-news/frau-des-monats-2021/februar-2021/ |archive-date=16 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> She came from a rural background, growing up in a family of farmers in [[Steffeln|Auel]], a village in the [[Vulkaneifel]] region<ref name="Bauer" /> of the Prussian Rhine Province (now in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]).<ref name="Bauer"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lutz |first1=Herbert |last2=Lorenz |first2=Volker |title=Early Volcanological Research in the Vulkaneifel, Germany, the Classic Region of Maar–Diatreme Volcanoes: The Years 1774–1865 |journal=[[Bulletin of Volcanology]] |date=August 2013 |volume=75 |issue=8 |pages=743–758 |doi=10.1007/s00445-013-0743-0 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00445-013-0743-0 |access-date=1 July 2023 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] for the [[International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior]] |location=Berlin, Germany |issn=0258-8900 |oclc=5659170779|doi-access=free |bibcode=2013BVol...75..743L }}</ref>{{rp|747}} She was the seventh of twelve children,<ref name="Franken" /> who all worked in the fields while they were pupils at the local school with only one classroom. Her mother's temperament was optimistic, but her father was a patriarchal figure and caused fear for the family members with his anger. They were raised as Catholic.<ref name="Bauer" /> She was the first student from her village to complete secondary school,<ref name="Franken" /><ref name="Spiegel" /> which she attended in [[Gerolstein]], while boarding with a family friend. She then started at the Regino-Gymnasium in [[Prüm]], but the school was closed in September 1944 because of the [[World War II|war]].<ref name="Bauer" />

The programme was based on ideas she had first developed about women's studies and feminist scholarship in a 1977 paper "Towards a Methodology for Feminist Research" delivered at a conference in Frankfurt.<ref name="Schmitz" >{{cite journal |last1=Schmitz |first1=Betty |title=Reviewed Work: Theories of Women's Studies by Gloria Bowles, Renate Duelli Klein |journal=[[The Journal of Higher Education]] |date=January–February 1985 |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=101–103 |doi=10.2307/1981725 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1981725 |access-date=20 May 2023 |publisher=[[Ohio State University Press]] |location=Columbus, Ohio |jstor=1981725 |issn=0022-1546 |oclc=8142350210}}</ref>{{rp|102}} To combat what she saw as a disconnect between theory and practical application in the academic setting, Mies aimed to rewrite existing teaching methods.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yeager |first1=Matthew G. |title=The Freedom of Information Act as a Methodological Tool: Suing the Government for Data |journal=Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice |date=July 2006 |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=499–521 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-criminology-and-criminal-justice_2006-07_48_4/page/511/mode/1up |access-date=20 May 2023 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |location=Tornoto, Ontario |doi=10.3138/cjccj.48.4.499 |issn=1707-7753 |oclc=361889328}}</ref>{{rp|511}} She did not believe that feminist research could use existing research models and proposed instead seven steps to completely re-imagine research with usefulness and respect for the subject in mind.<ref name="Schmitz" />{{rp|102}} These steps included a rejection of both quantitative methods and extrapolation of studies on men to apply to women's experiences.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Westmarland |first1=Nicole |title=The Quantitative/Qualitative Debate and Feminist Research: A Subjective View of Objectivity |journal=Forum: Qualitative Social Research |date=February 2001 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.17169/fqs-2.1.974 |url=http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0101135 |access-date=1 July 2023 |publisher=Institut für Sozialwissenschaften Otto-von-Guericke-Universität |location=Berlin, Germany |issn=1438-5627 |oclc=7179505508}}</ref>{{rp|1–2}} She argued that research should be participatory,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Ritu Sen |editor1-last=Ghosh |editor1-first=Ghosh |title=Methodology of Research in Sociology |url=https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/socp3/ |date=2018 |publisher=[[INFLIBNET Centre]] |location=Gandhinagar, India |chapter=28 Feminist Methodology in Sociological Research |chapter-url=https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/socp3/chapter/feminist-methodology-in-sociological-research/ |id=Search term "participatory"}}</ref> meaning that the researcher and the subject should collaborate in the processes and goals of the study, which should aim at empowering women and dismantling patriarchal systems.<ref name="Sprague & Zimmerman">{{cite journal |last1=Sprague |first1=Joey |last2=Zimmerman |first2=Mary K. |title=Quality and Quantity: Reconstructing Feminist Methodology |journal=[[The American Sociologist]] |date=March 1989 |volume=20 |pages=71–86 |doi=10.1007/BF02697788 |publisher=[[American Sociological Association]] |location=Albany, New York |issn=0003-1232 |oclc=5656565707}}{{subscription required|via=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer Link]]}}</ref>{{rp|77}} The paper was later published as a chapter of the book ''Theories of Women's Studies'' (1983),<ref name="Schmitz" />{{rp|102}} and praised for its methodological innovations and theoretical advancements.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Griffith |first1=Alison I. |title=Reviewed Work: Theories of Women's Studies by Gloria Bowles, Renate Duelli Klein |journal=[[Canadian Journal of Sociology]] |date=Autumn 1986 |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=311–314 |doi=10.2307/3341107 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3341107 |access-date=1 July 2023 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |location=Toronto, Ontario |jstor=3341107 |issn=0318-6431 |oclc=5546268950}}</ref>{{rp|313}}<ref name="Barnes">{{cite journal |last1=Barnes |first1=Nancy |title=Reviewed Works: Feminist Frontiers: Rethinking Sex, Gender, and Society by Laurel Richardson, Verta Taylor; Theories of Women's Studies by Gloria Bowles, Renate Duelli-Klein |journal=[[Signs (journal)|Signs]] |date=Spring 1985 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=579–581 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3174269 |access-date=1 July 2023 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |doi=10.1086/494163 |jstor=3174269 |issn=0097-9740 |oclc=5548306869}}</ref>{{rp|581}} Scholar Nancy Barnes, stated that Mies's article was so compelling that "it alone makes the book worth buying", but noted that the chapter did not resolve the question of whether women's studies should be a stand-alone field, or integrated into other fields.<ref name="Barnes" />{{rp|581}}

* {{cite journal |ref=none |author-mask=5 |last1=Mies |first1=Maria |date=1981 |title=The Social Origins of the Sexual Division of Labour |journal=ISS Occasional Papers |volume= |issue=85 | publisher = Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The NethertlandsNetherlands}}