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The programme was based on ideas she had first developed about women's studies and feminist scholarship in a 1977 paper "Towards a Methodology for Feminist Research" delivered at a conference in Frankfurt.<ref name="Schmitz" >{{cite journal |last1=Schmitz |first1=Betty |title=Reviewed Work: Theories of Women's Studies by Gloria Bowles, Renate Duelli Klein |journal=[[The Journal of Higher Education]] |date=January–February 1985 |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=101–103 |doi=10.2307/1981725 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1981725 |access-date=20 May 2023 |publisher=[[Ohio State University Press]] |location=Columbus, Ohio |jstor=1981725 |issn=0022-1546 |oclc=8142350210}}</ref>{{rp|102}} To combat what she saw as a disconnect between theory and practical application in the academic setting, Mies aimed to rewrite existing teaching methods.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yeager |first1=Matthew G. |title=The Freedom of Information Act as a Methodological Tool: Suing the Government for Data |journal=Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice |date=July 2006 |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=499–521 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-criminology-and-criminal-justice_2006-07_48_4/page/511/mode/1up |access-date=20 May 2023 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |location=Tornoto, Ontario |doi=10.3138/cjccj.48.4.499 |issn=1707-7753 |oclc=361889328}}</ref>{{rp|511}} She did not believe that feminist research could use existing research models and proposed instead seven steps to completely re-imagine research with usefulness and respect for the subject in mind.<ref name="Schmitz" />{{rp|102}} These steps included a rejection of both quantitative methods and extrapolation of studies on men to apply to women's experiences.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Westmarland |first1=Nicole |title=The Quantitative/Qualitative Debate and Feminist Research: A Subjective View of Objectivity |journal=Forum: Qualitative Social Research |date=February 2001 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1-12 |doi=10.17169/fqs-2.1.974 |url=http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0101135 |access-date=1 July 2023 |publisher=Institut für Sozialwissenschaften Otto-von-Guericke-Universität |location=Berlin, Germany |issn=1438-5627 |oclc=7179505508}}</ref>{{rp|1-2}} She argued that research should be participatory,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Ritu Sen |editor1-last=Ghosh |editor1-first=Ghosh |title=Methodology of Research in Sociology |url=https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/socp3/ |date=2018 |publisher=[[INFLIBNET Centre]] |location=Gandhinagar, India |chapter=28 Feminist Methodology in Sociological Research |chapter-url=https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/socp3/chapter/feminist-methodology-in-sociological-research/ |id=Search term "participatory"}}</ref> meaning that the researcher and the subject should collaborate in the processes and goals of the study, which should aim at empowering women and dismantling patriarchal systems.<ref name="Sprague & Zimmerman >{{cite journal |last1=Sprague |first1=Joey |last2=Zimmerman |first2=Mary K. |title=Quality and Quantity: Reconstructing Feminist Methodology |journal=[[The American Sociologist]] |date=March 1989 |volume=20 |pages=71-86 |doi=10.1007/BF02697788 |publisher=[[American Sociological Association]] |location=Albany, New York |issn=0003-1232 |oclc=5656565707}}{{subscription needed|via=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer Link]]}}</ref>{{rp|77}} The paper was later published as a chapter of the book ''Theories of Women's Studies'' (1983),<ref name="Schmitz" />{{rp|102}} and praised for its methodological innovations and theoretical advancements.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Griffith |first1=Alison I. |title=Reviewed Work: Theories of Women's Studies by Gloria Bowles, Renate Duelli Klein |journal=[[Canadian Journal of Sociology]] |date=Autumn 1986 |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=311-314 |doi=10.2307/3341107 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3341107 |access-date=1 July 2023 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |location=Toronto, Ontario |issn=0318-6431 |oclc=5546268950}}</ref>{{rp|313}}<ref name="Barnes">{{cite journal |last1=Barnes |first1=Nancy |title=Reviewed Works: Feminist Frontiers: Rethinking Sex, Gender, and Society by Laurel Richardson, Verta Taylor; Theories of Women's Studies by Gloria Bowles, Renate Duelli-Klein |journal=[[Signs (journal)|Signs]] |date=Spring 1985 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=579-581 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3174269 |access-date=1 July 2023 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |location=Chicago, Illinois |issn=0097-9740 |oclc=5548306869}}</ref>{{rp|581}} Scholar Nancy Barnes, stated that Mies's article was so compelling that "it alone makes the book worth buying".<ref name="Barnes" />{{rp|581}}
In 1981, Mies decided to return to Cologne and the University of Applied Sciences. There she became involved in the [[Ecofeminism|ecofeminist movement]], as well as in activism against [[genetic engineering]] and [[reproductive technology]], which she saw as an expropriation of a woman's right to give birth and a commercialization of human production. She was one of the founders of the Feminist International Network of Resistance to Reproductive and Genetic Engineering.<ref name="Bauer" /> Within this organization and in her works, she argued that women from the Global North were urged to use invasive technologies such as [[In vitro fertilisation|assisted fertilisation]] and [[surrogacy]] to increase their child-bearing, while women in the [[Global South]] were pressed to limit births to control population growth.<ref name="Bauer" /><ref name="Sandilands" >{{cite journal |last1=Sandilands |first1=Catriona |title=Reviewed Work: Ecofeminism by Maria Mies, Vandana Shiva |journal=[[Economic Geography (journal)|Economic Geography]] |date=January 1996 |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=96–99 |doi=10.2307/144510 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/144510 |access-date=20 May 2023 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |location=New York, New York |jstor=144510 |issn=0013-0095 |oclc=5548541985}}</ref>{{rp|97}} Mies also pointed out that to exercise [[Bodily integrity|decisions about their bodies]], women are limited by systems designed, controlled, and administered by health providers and government officials.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kato |first1=Yutaka |title=Reproductive Technology: What Is the Impact of Fertility Treatment and Regenerative Medicine on Society? by Azumi Tsuge (review) |journal=East Asian Science, Technology and Society |date=2015 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=91–94 |doi=10.1215/18752160-2835763 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/4/article/577039/pdf |access-date=21 May 2023 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |s2cid=75669458 |issn=1875-2160 |oclc=5795963720}}</ref>{{rp|93}} She became more active in pacifist activities, participating in a resistance camp protesting against a [[NATO]] plan to station nuclear warheads in Germany in 1983. Her pacifism was reinforced by her opposition to the idea put forth by [[Alice Schwarzer]] that women could gain emancipation if they had the same violent means which were available to men. Opposed to war, Mies could not reconcile that simple equality with men would overcome hierarchical systems that devalued women.<ref name="Bauer" /> Having retired from teaching in 1993, she continued to be active in women's and other social movements
== Scholarly contributions ==
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