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In 1963, Mies was accepted by the Goethe Institute to lecture in [[Pune]], India,<ref name="Bauer" /> on a five-year teaching engagement. She taught German classes and discovered that while her male students enrolled to enhance their ability to study engineering, the majority of women took her courses to prolong their independence, as middle-class women were not required to marry until they had completed a bachelor's degree.<ref name="Franken" /> One of her students, [[Chhaya Datar]], later became head of the [[women's studies]] department at the [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]]. Another, [[Saral Sarkar]], later became her husband.<ref name="Mascarenhas" >{{cite news |last1=Mascarenhas |first1=Anuradha |title=Pune Recalls Association with Maria Mies, German Sociologist and Ecofeminist Who Died at 92 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/recalls-association-maria-mies-german-sociologist-ecofeminist-died-8614877/ |access-date=19 May 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518025258/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/recalls-association-maria-mies-german-sociologist-ecofeminist-died-8614877/ |archive-date=18 May 2023 |location=Mumbai, India |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1967, her mother became gravely ill and Mies asked to be released early from her contract. Soon after her return to Germany her mother made a full recovery,<ref name="Bauer" /> and Mies enrolled at the [[University of Cologne]] to study [[sociology]] under [[René König]].<ref name="Franken" /> Using her observations during her time in India about women's behaviour and the contradictions of social expectations for women,<ref name="Bauer" /> she prepared her PhD thesis {{lang|de|Rollenkonflikte gebildeter indischer Frauen}} (''Role Conflicts of Educated Indian Women'') in 1971.<ref name="Franken" /> She earned her doctorate in 1972,<ref name="Bauer" /> and her thesis was published the following year.<ref name="Franken" />
The late 1960s and early 1970s was a period of global protest and Mies became involved in activism. She participated in protests against the [[Vietnam War]] and [[Anti-nuclear movement|nuclear armaments]] in the annual [[Peace movement|pacifist]] {{ill|Easter March|de|Ostermarsch}}.<ref name="Bauer" /> She joined {{lang|de|Frauenforum Köln|italics=no}} (Women's Forum Cologne), a local women's group tied to the [[Women's liberation movement in Europe|women's liberation movement]], which protested [[patriarchy|patriarchal structures]] and the devaluation of women.<ref name="Franken" /> She participated in the {{ill|Politisches Nachtgebet|de|lt=Politische Nachtgebete}} (political night-prayers), organized by [[Dorothee Sölle]], which were aimed at questioning the status of women in the church. As she became more involved in protest and women's lack of equality, Mies became critical of religion and left the Catholic church. She taught at the newly founded [[Cologne University of Applied Sciences]],<ref name="Bauer" /> before accepting a post in 1974 to teach at the [[University of Frankfurt Institute for Social Research]]. For three years, she presented seminars on the [[First-wave feminism|historic international women's movement]], hoping she could convince the university to establish a women's study chair. In 1975, she attended the [[World Conference on Women, 1975|World Conference on Women]] in [[Mexico City]] and realised how little was known about women's history.<ref name="Franken" /> In 1976, she married Sarkar, with the intent of having a [[Matrilocal residence|visiting marriage]] allowing each to continue their careers in their respective countries.<ref name="Bauer" /> That year, she joined with other activists, mainly students of her classes, to found the [[women's shelter]] (''Frauenhaus'') in Cologne, the first of its kind in Germany.<ref name="Spiegel" /><ref name="Mengel">{{cite news |last=Mengel |first=Monika |title=Erlebte Geschichten mit Maria Mies |url=https://www1.wdr.de/radio/wdr5/sendungen/erlebtegeschichten/miesmaria102.html |access-date=19 May 2023 |work=[[Westdeutscher Rundfunk|WDR]] |date=31 December 2006 |language=de |trans-title=Stories Experienced with Maria Mies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519141132/https://www1.wdr.de/radio/wdr5/sendungen/erlebtegeschichten/miesmaria102.html |archive-date=19 May 2023 |location=Cologne, Germany |url-status=live}}</ref> Mies lectured at the shelter, teaching women practical and political ways to combat [[Violence against women|violence]]. She returned to the University of Applied Sciences in 1977,<ref name="Franken" /> but decided to conduct a research project in India the following year.<ref name="Bauer" />
===Later (1978–2001)===
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