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{{About|a PC-specific type of [[boot sector]] on partitioned media|the first sector on non-partitioned media|volume boot record}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=January 2022}}
A '''master boot record''' ('''MBR''') is a special type of [[boot sector]] at the very beginning of [[disk partitioning|partitioned]] computer [[mass storage device]]s like [[fixed disk]]s or [[removable drive]]s intended for use with [[IBM PC-compatible]] systems and beyond. The concept of MBRs was publicly introduced in 1983 with [[PC DOS 2.0]].
 
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<ref name="Lucas_2003_OpenBSD">{{cite book |title=Absolute OpenBSD: Unix for the practical paranoid |author-first=Michael |author-last=Lucas |page=73 |date=2003 |isbn=9781886411999 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wuUuTXMkNx8C&pg=PA72 |access-date=2011-04-09 |quote=Every operating system includes tools to manage MBR partitions. Unfortunately, every operating system handles MBR partitions in a slightly different manner.}}</ref>
<ref name="Smith_2000_Multi-Boot">{{cite book |title=The Multi-Boot Configuration Handbook |author-first=Roderick W. |author-last=Smith |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780789722836/page/260 260–261] |date=2000 |publisher=[[Que Publishing]] |isbn=0-7897-2283-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780789722836/page/260}}</ref>
<ref name="Brouwer_2012_Types-1">{{cite web |title=List of partition identifiers for PCs |author-first=Andries Evert |author-last=Brouwer |author-link=Andries Evert Brouwer |work=Partition types |date=2013 |orig-yeardate=1995 |url=http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/partition_types-1.html |access-date=2017-08-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824112750/http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/partition_types-1.html |archive-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Brouwer_2003_Types-2A">{{cite web |title=Properties of partition tables |author-first=Andries Evert |author-last=Brouwer |author-link=Andries Evert Brouwer |work=Partition types |date=2004-04-22 |orig-yeardate=2000 |url=http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/partition_types-2.html |access-date=2017-08-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824112413/http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/partition_types-2.html |archive-date=2017-08-24 |quote=Matthias [R.] Paul writes: "[…] [[PTS-DOS]] [uses] a special fifth partition entry in front of the other four entries in the MBR and corresponding AAP-aware MBR bootstrap code. […]"}}</ref>
<ref name="Brouwer_2003_Types-2B">{{cite web |title=Properties of partition tables |author-first=Andries Evert |author-last=Brouwer |author-link=Andries Evert Brouwer |work=Partition types |date=2004-04-22 |orig-yeardate=2000 |url=http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/partition_types-2.html |access-date=2017-08-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824112413/http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/partition_types-2.html |archive-date=2017-08-24 |quote=Some OEM systems, such as AST DOS (<!-- Partition ID. -->type <code>[[Partition type#PID_14h|14<sub>hex</sub>]]</code>) and NEC DOS (type <code>[[Partition type#PID_24h|24<sub>hex</sub>]]</code>) had 8 instead of 4 partition entries in their MBR sectors. (Matthias R. Paul).}} (NB. [[NEC]] [[MS-DOS]] 3.30 and [[AST Research|AST]] MS-DOS partition tables with eight entries are preceded with a signature <code>A55A<sub>hex</sub></code><!-- Byte sequence 5Ah, A5h. --> at offset {{mono|0x017C}}.)</ref>
<ref name="Sedory_2007_DOS33MBR">{{cite web |title=Notes on the Differences in one OEM version of the DOS 3.30 MBR |date=2007-05-18 |orig-yeardate=2003 |author-first=Daniel B. |author-last=Sedory |work=Master Boot Records |url=http://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/DOS33MBR.htm |access-date=2017-08-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824003525/http://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/DOS33MBR.htm |archive-date=2017-08-24 |quote=When we added partitions to this NEC table, the first one was placed at offsets {{mono|0x01EE}}<!-- Actually, the author writes +7EEh, but this is just an artefact of how the dump was loaded in memory during his analysis. The actual offset is +1EEh. Aligned offsets to the start of the sector here in order to avoid confusion. --> through {{mono|0x01FD}}<!-- See preceding comment. --> and the next entry was added just above it. So, the entries are inserted and listed backwards from that of a normal Table. Thus, looking at such a Table with a disk editor or partition listing utility, it would show the first entry in a NEC eight-entry table as being the last one (fourth entry) in a normal Partition Table.}} (NB. Shows an 8-entry partition table and where its boot code differs from MS-DOS 3.30.)</ref>
<ref name="Microsoft_2000_LBA-Blocks">{{Cite book |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]] |date=2002 |title=Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Operations Guide |author-first=Sybil |author-last=Wood |page=[https://archive.org/details/microsoftwindows00wood/page/18 18] |isbn=978-0-73561796-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/microsoftwindows00wood/page/18}}</ref>
<ref name="RBIL_html">{{cite web |title=Ralf Browns Interrupt List (v61 html) |author-first=Ralf D. |author-last=Brown |author-link=Ralf D. Brown |date=2000-07-16 |publisher=Delorie Software |url=http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/doc/rbinter/id/13/6.html |access-date=2016-11-03}}</ref>
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<ref name="OSDev_2011_MBR">{{cite web |title=MBR (x86) |work=OSDev Wiki |date=2012-03-05 |publisher=OSDev.org |url=http://wiki.osdev.org/index.php?title=MBR_(x86)&oldid=12904 |access-date=2013-04-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824003752/http://wiki.osdev.org/index.php?title=MBR_(x86)&oldid=12904 |archive-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Sedory_2003_MBR200">{{cite web |title=IBM DOS 2.00 Master Boot Record |author-first=Daniel B. |author-last=Sedory |date=2003-07-30 |publisher=The Starman's Realm |url=http://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/200MBR.htm |access-date=2011-07-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824003921/http://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/200MBR.htm |archive-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Singh_2009_OSX">{{cite web |title=Booting Mac OS X |author-first=Amit |author-last=Singh |date=2009-12-25 |orig-yeardate=December 2003 |publisher=Mac OS X Internals: The Book |url=http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/ancient/whatismacosx/arch_boot.html |access-date=2011-07-22}}</ref>
<ref name="Boyne_2011_EFI-Boot">{{cite web |title=The EFI boot process |author-first=Jonathan |author-last=de Boyne Pollard |work=Frequently Given Answers |date=2011-07-10 |url=http://jdebp.eu./FGA/efi-boot-process.html |access-date=2011-07-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824004128/http://jdebp.eu./FGA/efi-boot-process.html |archive-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Domsch_2003_EDD">{{cite web |title=Re: RFC 2.6.0 EDD enhancements |work=Linux Kernel Mailing List |author-first=Matt |author-last=Domsch |date=2005-03-22 |orig-yeardate=2003-12-19 |url=https://lkml.org/lkml/2003/12/19/139 |access-date=2017-08-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824004143/https://lkml.org/lkml/2003/12/19/139 |archive-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Microsoft_KB227704">{{cite web |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/227704 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |work=KnowledgeBase |title=Windows may use Signature() syntax in the BOOT.INI file}}</ref>
<ref name="Tech-Juice_2011_Geometry">{{cite web |title=An Introduction to Hard Disk Geometry |work=Tech Juice |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2012-12-06 |orig-yeardate=2011-08-08 |url=http://www.tech-juice.org/2011/08/08/an-introduction-to-hard-disk-geometry/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204205616/http://www.tech-juice.org/2011/08/08/an-introduction-to-hard-disk-geometry/ |archive-date=2013-02-04}}</ref>
<ref name="PC-Guide_BIOS">{{cite web |author-first=Charles M. |author-last=Kozierok |title=BIOS and the Hard Disk |work=The PC Guide |date=2001-04-17 |url=http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/bios/bios.htm |access-date=2013-04-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617080653/http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/bios/bios.htm |archive-date=2017-06-17}}</ref>
<ref name="Smith_2011_gdisk">{{cite web |author-first=Robert |author-last=Smith |title=Working Around MBR's Limitations |work=GPT fdisk Tutorial |date=2011-06-26 |url=http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/workarounds.html |access-date=2013-04-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824114940/http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/workarounds.html |archive-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>
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<ref name="Elliott_2010_EDD4-Hybrid-MBR">{{cite web |author-first=Robert |author-last=Elliott |id=e09127r3 |title=EDD-4 Hybrid MBR boot code annex |publisher=[[Hewlett Packard]], T13 Technical Committee |date=2010-01-04 |url=http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2010/e09127r3-EDD-4_Hybrid_MBR_boot_code_annex.pdf |access-date=2013-04-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824121640/http://www.t13.org/Documents/UploadedDocuments/docs2010/e09127r3-EDD-4_Hybrid_MBR_boot_code_annex.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Microsoft_KB69013">{{cite web |title=FDISK /MBR rewrites the Master Boot Record |work=Support |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2011-09-23 |id=69013 |version=1 |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/69013 |access-date=2013-04-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208102308/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/69013/fdisk-mbr-rewrites-the-master-boot-record |archive-date=2017-02-08}}</ref>
<ref name="Linux_MAN_sfdisk">{{cite web |title=sfdisk(8) – Linux man page |work=die.net |date=2013 |orig-yeardate=2007 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url=http://linux.die.net/man/8/sfdisk |access-date=2013-04-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824121954/https://linux.die.net/man/8/sfdisk |archive-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Elliott_2009_Darwin">{{cite web |author-first=David F. |author-last=Elliott |title=Why does the "standard" MBR set SI? |work=tgwbd.org |date=2009-10-12 |url=http://tgwbd.org/blog/2009/10/12/why-does-the-standard-mbr-set-SI/ |access-date=2013-04-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824122006/http://tgwbd.org/blog/2009/10/12/why-does-the-standard-mbr-set-SI/ |archive-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Microsoft_2013_2581408">{{cite web |title=Windows support for hard disks that are larger than 2 TB |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |date=2013-06-26 |id=2581408 |version=1 |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2581408 |access-date=2013-08-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427084734/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2581408/windows-support-for-hard-disks-that-are-larger-than-2-tb |archive-date=2017-04-27}}</ref>
<ref name="Superuser_2013">{{cite web |title=More than 2 TiB on a MBR disk |date=2013-03-07 |publisher=superuser.com |url=http://superuser.com/questions/562331/mbr-partition-with-more-than-2-tb |access-date=2013-10-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824122749/https://superuser.com/questions/562331/mbr-partition-with-more-than-2-tb |archive-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>
<ref name="FOLDOC">{{cite web |author-first=Denis |author-last=Howe |title=master boot record |website=[[FOLDOC]] |date=2009-05-19 |orig-yeardate=1985 |url=http://foldoc.org/master+boot+record |access-date=2015-05-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824002628/https://foldoc.org/master%20boot%20record |archive-date=24 August 2017 }}</ref>
<ref name="osdev">{{cite web |title=Partition Table |publisher=osdev.org |date=2017-03-18 |orig-yeardate=2007-03-06 |url=http://wiki.osdev.org/Partition_Table |access-date=2017-08-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824123235/http://wiki.osdev.org/Partition_Table |archive-date=2017-08-24}}</ref>
}}
 
== Further reading ==
* {{cite web |title=Partitions and Volumes |work=PC Lube & Tune |author-first=Howard |author-last=Gilbert |date=1996-01-01 |orig-yeardate=1995 |url=http://www.yale.edu/pclt/BOOT/PARTITIO.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210749/http://www.yale.edu/pclt/BOOT/PARTITIO.HTM |archive-date=2016-03-03}}
* {{cite web |title=Ray's Place |work=MBR and Windows Boot Sectors (includes code disassembly and explanations of boot process) |author-first=Ray |author-last=Knights |date=2004-12-22 |orig-yeardate=2000-12-16 |url=http://www.rayknights.org/pc_boot/pc_boot.htm |access-date=2017-08-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824133034/http://www.rayknights.org/pc_boot/pc_boot.htm |archive-date=2017-08-24}}
* {{cite web |title=Master Boot Record |work=How It Works |author-first=Hale |author-last=Landis |date=2002-05-06 |url=http://www.ata-atapi.com/hiwmbr.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701052540/http://www.ata-atapi.com/hiwmbr.html |archive-date=2014-07-01}}
* {{cite web |title=MBRs (Master Boot Records) |work=Boot Records Revealed |author-first=Daniel B. |author-last=Sedory |date=2015-06-25 |orig-yeardate=2007 |url=http://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/index.html |access-date=2017-08-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824133321/http://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/mbr/index.html |archive-date=2017-08-24}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070510140812/http://mirror.href.com/thestarman/asm/mbr/index.html] [http://thestarman.narod.ru/asm/mbr/index.html]
 
== External links ==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record"