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The development of early writing and paper enabling longer-distance communication systems such as [[mail]], including in the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian Empire]] ([[Chapar Khaneh]] and [[Angarium]]) and [[Roman Empire]], can be interpreted as early forms of media.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/mediatheory/keywords/postal-system/|title=Postal system|last=Dunston|first=Bryan|date=2002|website=The Chicago School of Media Theory|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref> Writers such as [[Howard Rheingold]] have framed early forms of human communication, such as the [[Lascaux|Lascaux cave paintings]] and early [[writing]], as early forms of media.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gMx-AMRg3A0C&q=%22media%22+%22cave+paintings%22+history&pg=PA52|title=New Media: A Critical Introduction|last1=Livingstone|first1=Sonia M.|last2=Lievrouw|first2=Leah A.|date=2009|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780415431606|pages=52–53|language=en}}</ref> Another framing of the history of media starts with the [[Chauvet Cave]] paintings and continues with other ways to carry human communication beyond the short range of voice: [[smoke signal]]s, [[Trail blazing|trail markers]], and [[sculpture]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uBfnhWWKlqMC&q=%22media%22+%22cave+paintings%22+history&pg=PA33|title=Globalization and Media: Global Village of Babel|last=Lule|first=Jack|date=2012|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780742568365|pages=33–34|language=en}}</ref>
The term ''media'' in its modern application relating to communication channels was first used by '''Canadian communications''' theorist [[Marshall McLuhan]], who stated in ''Counterblast'' (1954): "The media are not toys; they should not be in the hands of Mother Goose and Peter Pan executives. They can be entrusted only to new artists because they are art forms." By the mid-1960s, the term had spread to general use in North America and the United Kingdom. The phrase ''mass media'' was, according to [[H.L. Mencken]], used as early as 1923 in the United States.<ref>{{cite book|title=Colombo's All-Time Great Canadian Quotations|last=Colombo|first=John Robert|date=1994|publisher=Stoddart Publishing|isbn=0-7737-5639-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/colombosalltimeg0000unse/page/176 176]|url=https://archive.org/details/colombosalltimeg0000unse/page/176}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Group 3|title=The Evolution of Media|url=http://evolutionofmedia.over-blog.com/2016/08/the-origin-of-media-the-word-media-is-defined-as-one-of-the-means-or-channels-of-general-communication-information-or-entertainment|access-date=2022-02-11|website=Evolution of Media|language=en}}</ref>
The term ''medium'' (the singular form of ''media'') is defined as "one of the means or channels of general communication, information, or entertainment in society, as newspapers, radio, or television."<ref name="dict_thed">{{Cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/medium|title=medium|work=Dictionary.com|access-date=2015-08-10}}</ref>
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