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{{short description|Australian writer and feminist (1879-1954)}}
{{Use Australian English|date=November 2016}}
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| name = Miles Franklin
| image = Miles franklin.jpg
| caption = Franklin, c.1940s
| birth_name = Stella Maria Sarah Miles Franklin
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1954|09|19|1879|10|14}}
| death_place = [[Drummoyne, New South Wales]], Australia
| other_names = Brent of Bin Bin, An Old Bachelor, Vernacular, Ogniblat, Mr and Mrs Ogniblat L'Artsau
▲| other_names = Brent of Bin Bin, An Old Bachelor, Vernacular, Ogniblat, Mr and Mrs Ogniblat L'Artsau, PINGas
| known_for = Novelist, writer, feminist
| education =
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}}
'''Stella Maria Sarah Miles Franklin''' (14 October 1879{{spaced ndash}}19 September 1954),<ref name="ADB">{{cite web|title= Stella Maria Sarah Miles Franklin (1879–1954) by Jill Roe |publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography|url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/franklin-stella-maria-sarah-miles-6235|access-date= 15 April 2024}}</ref> known as '''Miles Franklin''', was an Australian writer and feminist who is best known for her novel ''[[My Brilliant Career]]'', published by Blackwoods of Edinburgh in 1901. While she wrote throughout her life, her other major literary success, ''[[All That Swagger]]'', was not published until 1936.
She was committed to the development of a uniquely Australian form of literature, and she actively pursued this goal by supporting writers, literary journals, and writers' organisations. She has had a long-lasting impact on Australian literary life through her endowment of a major annual prize for literature about "Australian Life in any of its phases",<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Award |url=http://www.milesfranklin.com.au/about_history |website=www.milesfranklin.com.au |access-date=17 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906153522/http://www.milesfranklin.com.au/about_history |archive-date=6 September 2015 }}</ref> the [[Miles Franklin Award]]. Her impact was further recognised in 2013 with the creation of the [[Stella Prize]], awarded annually for the best work of literature by an Australian woman.<ref>{{Cite web|url =http://thestellaprize.com.au/about-us/about-the-stella-prize/|title =About the Stella Prize|url-status =live|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150419173832/http://thestellaprize.com.au/about-us/about-the-stella-prize/|archive-date =19 April 2015|df =dmy-all}}</ref>
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==Life and career==
[[File:SLNSW 822152 No 39 Suzannah F amp John Franklin parents of Stella Miles Franklin.jpg|thumb|Franklin's parents Suzannah and John Franklin]]
Franklin was born at [[Talbingo, New South Wales]], and grew up in the [[Brindabella Valley]] on a property called [[Brindabella Station]].<ref name="
[[File:Miles Franklin, 1901 (31523140262).jpg|thumb|upright|Franklin in 1901]]
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===In the United States and England===
[[File:SLNSW 822094 21 Miles Franklin.jpg|thumb|upright|Undated photo]]
In 1906, Franklin moved to the US and undertook secretarial work for [[Alice Henry]], another Australian, at the [[National Women's Trade Union League]] in Chicago, and co-edited the league's magazine, ''Life and Labor''.<ref
In 1915, she travelled to England and worked as a cook and earned some money from journalism.<ref name="Miles Franklin a brilliant career"/> In March 1917 Franklin volunteered for war work in the [[Ostrovo Unit]] of the [[Scottish Women's Hospitals]] during the Serbian campaigns of 1917–18. She served as a cook and later matron's orderly in a 200-bed tent hospital attached to the Serbian army near [[Lake Ostrovo]] in [[Macedonian Greece]] from July 1917 to February 1918.<ref name="Miles Franklin a brilliant career"/>
{{blockquote
| quote = Was made staff cook against my will. ... Then Miss Brown made a row with everyone & insisted on being head. I just let 'em muddle along and take no notice as I've had a year's training in London of English ways. Will think my own thoughts and write a book if the plot comes into my head.
| source = Miles Franklin (personal diary), describing her wartime service<ref name="transcript">{{cite web|url=http://www.acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au/search/itemDetailPaged.cgi?itemID=844264|title=Miles Franklin personal diary, 5 June 1917 – 16 February 1918|access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref>
}}
From 1919 to 1926 Franklin worked as Secretary with the National Housing and Town Planning Association in London. She organised a women's international housing convention in 1924.<ref>{{cite web|title=Miles Franklin: A Brilliant Career? |url=http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/exhibitions/miles/miles_guide.pdf |access-date=14 February 2013 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20071010140000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/77226/20071011-0000/www.sl.nsw.gov.au/exhibitions/miles/miles_guide.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2007 }}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Her life in England in the 1920s gave rise to ''Bring the Monkey'' (1933), a satire on the English country house mystery novel. The book reveals Franklin's views on nationality and class.<ref name=":0" />
===Return to Australia===
Franklin resettled in Australia in 1932 after the death of her father in 1931. During that decade she wrote several historical novels of the Australian bush,
Throughout her life, Franklin actively supported [[Australian literature]]. She joined the [[Fellowship of Australian Writers]] in 1933 and the [[Sydney PEN|Sydney PEN Club]] in 1935. She encouraged young writers such as [[Jean Devanny]], [[Sumner Locke Elliott]] and [[Ric Throssell]] and she supported the new literary journals, ''[[Meanjin]]'' and ''Southerly''.<ref name = "Roe"/>
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In 1937, Franklin declined appointment as an Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref name = "Roe2004">Roe (2004)</ref>
While Miles Franklin had many suitors, she never married. She died on 19 September 1954, aged 74 and her ashes were scattered in Jounama Creek, Talbingo close to where she was born.<ref name="Miles Franklin a brilliant career"/>
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Miles Franklin engaged in a number of literary collaborations throughout her life. In addition to co-editing the journal ''Life and Labor'' with [[Alice Henry]] in the US, she also wrote ''Pioneers on Parade'' in collaboration with [[Dymphna Cusack]]<ref>Spender (1988) p.219</ref> and a biography of [[Joseph Furphy]] (1944) "in painful collaboration with [[Kate Baker]]".<ref name = "Roe"/> Previously, in 1939, she and Baker had won the [[S. H. Prior Memorial Prize|Prior Memorial prize]] for an essay on Furphy.<ref name = "Roe"/>
Dever writes that the letters between Dymphna Cusack and Miles Franklin that are published in ''Yarn Spinners''<ref>{{Cite book |last=North |first=Marilla |title=Yarn Spinners |publisher=Brandl & Schlesinger |year=2016 |isbn=9780994429605}}</ref> "provide a see-sawing commentary on the delicate art of literary collaboration".<ref>Dever (2001?)</ref>
==Legacy==
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A revival of interest in Franklin occurred in the wake of the [[Australian New Wave]] film ''[[My Brilliant Career (film)|My Brilliant Career]]'' (1979), which won several international awards.
In 2014, [[Google Doodle]] celebrated her 135th birthday.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://
In her 2022 novel, ''Salonika Burning'', The Australian writer [[Gail Jones (writer)|Gail Jones]] fictionalises Miles Franklin (as 'Stella'), and her experiences in Macedonia, as a central character, along with British painters [[Grace Pailthorpe]] and [[Stanley Spencer]], and Australian adventurer [[Olive Kelso King|Olive King]].
==Awards==
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===Novels===
* ''[[My Brilliant Career]]'' (1901)
* ''[[Some Everyday Folk and Dawn]]'' (1909)
* ''[[Old Blastus of Bandicoot]]'' (1931)
* ''[[Bring the Monkey]]'' (1933)
* ''[[All That Swagger]]'' (1936)
* ''[[Pioneers on Parade]]'' (1939) – with [[Dymphna Cusack]]
* ''[[My Career Goes Bung]]'' (1946)
* ''
* ''[[On Dearborn Street]]'' (1981)
===Under the pseudonym of "Brent of Bin Bin"===
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*[[Verna Susannah Coleman|Coleman, Verna]] (1981) "''Her Unknown (Brilliant) Career: Miles Franklin in America''" Angus and Robertson
*Martin, Sylvia (2001) ''Passionate Friends: Mary Fullerton, Mabel Singleton, Miles Franklin'', Only Women Press
*[[Marilla North|North, Marilla]] (ed) (2001) ''Yarn Spinners: A Story in Letters – Dymphna Cusack, Florence James, Miles Franklin'', University of Queensland Press
*[[Jill Roe|Roe, Jill]] (ed) (1993) ''Congenials: Miles Franklin and Friends in Letters'', Vol. 1 & 2, Angus and Robertson
== External links ==
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/miles-franklin}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=
* [http://gutenberg.net.au/plusfifty-a-m.html#franklin2 Works by Miles Franklin] at [[Project Gutenberg Australia]]
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Miles Franklin |sopt=t}}
* {{Librivox author |id=5206}}
* {{Australian Women's Register}}
* [http://www.abc.net.au/rural/content/2007/s1853112.htm Great Rural Speeches: Miles Franklin]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051108130643/http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/exhibitions/miles/miles_guide.pdf Miles Franklin: A Brilliant Career? : State Library of New South Wales exhibition guide]
* [http://www.abc.net.au/rn/bookshow/stories/2008/2419875.htm] Interview with biographer Jill Roe, author of Stella Miles Franklin: A Biography, with [[Ramona Koval]], [[The Book Show]], [[ABC Radio National]], 20/11/08.
* [http://librivox.org/my-brilliant-career-by-miles-franklin/ MP3 audiobook of My Brilliant Career ] from [http://librivox.org LibriVox]
* {{Australian Women and Leadership|WLE0689b|Stella Miles Franklin}}
* [http://www.acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au/search/itemDetailPaged.cgi?itemID=844264 Miles Franklin diary, 5 January 1917 – 16 February 1918]: images and transcript at State Library of New South Wales
* [http://www.acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au/search/itemDetailPaged.cgi?itemID=844265 Miles Franklin diary, 17 February-29 December 1918]: images and transcript at State Library of New South Wales
* [http://www.simonteakettle.com/famousauthors.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512120423/http://www.simonteakettle.com/famousauthors.htm |date=12 May 2019 }}
{{Scottish Women's Hospitals World War One}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Australian feminist writers]]
[[Category:Women mystery writers]]
[[Category:Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service volunteers]]
[[Category:19th-century Australian women]]
[[Category:19th-century Australian writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Australian women writers]]
[[Category:Australian women of World War I]]
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