Muammar Gaddafi: Difference between revisions

| battles = [[Libyan – Egyptian War|Libyan-Egyptian War]]<br>[[Chadian – Libyan conflict|Chadian-Libyan conflict]]<br>[[Uganda – Tanzania War|Uganda-Tanzania War]]<br>[[2011 Libyan uprising]]

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Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, [[Libya under Gaddafi|Gaddafi's government]] was considered a [[pariah state]] by the West,<ref>[http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/42735/john-c-campbell/qaddafi-and-the-libyan-revolution-the-making-of-a-pariah-state-t Qaddafi and the Libyan Revolution; The Making of a Pariah State: The Adventurist Policies of Muammar Qaddafi | Foreign Affairs<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3371269.stm BBC NEWS | Africa | Libya's two decades as pariah state<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> denounced for oppressing [[Libyan opposition|internal dissidence]], acts of [[state-sponsored terrorism]], [[assassination]]s of [[expatriate]] opposition leaders, and crass [[nepotism]] which amassed a multi-billion dollar fortune for himself and his family.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnw.nl/africa/article/gaddafis-dutch-millions |title=Gaddafi's Dutch millions &#124; Radio Netherlands Worldwide |publisher=Rnw.nl |date=24 February 2011 |accessdate=28 February 2011}}</ref> Gaddafi renamed the [[Libyan Arab Republic]] to [[Jamahiriya]] in 1977, based on his [[Arab socialist|socialist]] and [[Arab nationalist|nationalist]] political philosophy published in ''[[Green Book]]''. In 1979, he relinquished the title of prime minister, and was thereafter called "The Brother Leader" or "The Guide" in Libya's Socialist Revolution.<ref>Daniel Don Nanjira, ''African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 2010, p. [http://books.google.com/books?id=2foVQSzjVsEC&lpg=PA279&dq=%22Brotherly%20Leader%20and%20Guide%20of%20the%20First%20of%20September%20Revolution%20of%20the%20Great%20Socialist%20People's%20Libyan%20Arab%20Jamahiriya%22&pg=PA279#v=onepage&q&f=false 279] n. 2</ref><ref>Background Notes, (November 2005) [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5425.htm "Libya – History"], ''[[United States Department of State]]''. Retrieved on 14 July 2006.</ref> Gaddafi was a firm supporter of [[OAPEC]] and led a [[Pan-African]] campaign for a [[United States of Africa]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7588033.stm |title=Gaddafi: Africa's 'king of kings'|agency=BBC News |date=29 August 2008 |accessdate=27 February 2011}}</ref> After the [[1986 Bombing of Libya]] and the 1993 imposition of [[United Nations]] sanctions, Gaddafi established closer economic and security relations with the west, cooperated with investigations into previous Libyan acts of state-sponsored terrorism and paid compensation, and ended his [[Libya and nuclear technology|nuclear weapons program]], resulting in the lifting of UN sanctions in 2003.