Content deleted Content added
Italicization Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Redirected “air injection” to the correct page: air embolism. Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| (25 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Iranian national heritage site}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Museum of the Qasr Prison
| image =
| location = [[Tehran]], [[Iran]]
| coordinates = {{coord|35.7236|51.4483|display=inline,title}}
}}
The '''Museum of the Qasr Prison''' ({{lang-fa|موزه زندان قصر}} ''
Formerly referred to as the '''Qasr Prison''' ({{lang|fa|
==History==
Qasr was originally built in 1790 as [[Qajar Palace|a palace]] with extensive gardens of which nothing but the names remain, in the reign of [[Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar|Fath-ali Shah]] of the [[Qajar dynasty]].<ref name="Peyvand"/> In 1929 it was repurposed as a prison, the first modern detention center in the country,<ref name="Guardian"/> in which prisoners had legal rights.<ref name="Peyvand">{{cite web | url=http://www.payvand.com/news/05/jan/1013.html | title=Iranian Political Prisoner Cells to Turn into a Museum | publisher=[[Iranian Cultural Heritage News Agency]] | work=Peyvand News | date=March 1, 2005 | access-date=December 26, 2017}}</ref> [[Nikolai Markov (architect)|Nikolai Markov]], a Georgian architect who settled in Iran after the [[Russian Revolution]], did the rebuild, combining urban industrial design with traditional Iranian features such as [[adobe bricks]], which became known as Markovian bricks.<ref name="Guardian"/> It had 192 rooms for 700 prisoners, of which about 100 cells were solitary.<ref name="Peyvand"/> Here [[Ahmad Ahmadi]], known to prisoners simply as “Dr Ahmadi” administered lethal [[Air embolism|air injections]] to several of [[Reza Shah]]'s many opponents, such as the poet [[Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi]]. After Reza Shah was overthrown by the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]] in 1941, Ahmadi himself was tried for the murders and executed in 1943.<ref name="Guardian"/>
For [[Mohammad Reza Shah]], it served as a torture and execution chamber for extreme political crimes which by the late 1970s was extensively reformed by the Red Cross into what was described a “hotel” by the staff. In its cells [[Ayatollah Khomeini]], [[Ali Khamenei]], [[Morteza Motahhari]] and [[Ayatollah Taleqani]] were held. On 11 February 1979 1,000 women were released from the prison.<ref name="Guardian"/> Following the [[1979 Revolution]], many civil and military officials of [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] were detained and executed at the prison, including [[Nader Jahanbani]] and [[Amir Hossein Rabi'i]];<ref>{{cite news|title=Shah's air force chief executed|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vfZBAAAAIBAJ&pg=6770,1232709&dq=amir+hossein+rabii&hl=en|access-date=31 July 2013|newspaper=[[The Telegraph-Herald]]|date=9 April 1979|agency=UPI|location=Tehran}}</ref> Major General [[Manuchechr Khosrodad]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iranrights.org/memorial/story/-3306/manuchehr-khosrodad | title=Manuchehr Khosrodad: One Person's Story | publisher=Abdorrahman Boroumand Center | work=Human Rights & Democracy for Iran | access-date=December 26, 2017}}</ref> and Prime Minister [[Amir Abbas Hoveida]]<ref name = "fallguy">{{cite web
| last =Milani
| first =Abbas
| author-link = Abbas Milani
| title =The fall guy: Biography of ill-fated Prime Minister Hoveyda, excerpt from Chapter One of ''The Persian Sphinx: Amir-Abbas Hoveyda and the Riddle of the Iranian Revolution''
| work =[[The Iranian]]
| publisher =Abadan Publishing Co.
| date =June 5, 2000
| url =http://www.iranian.com/Books/2000/June/Hoveyda/index.html
| access-date = December 26, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Eminent Persians, Volume 1 | publisher=Syracuse University Press | author=Milani, Abbas | author-link=Abbas Milani | year=2008 | pages=204 | isbn=978-0-81560-907-0 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ixU33FaG_dgC&q=193 | chapter=Amir-Abbas Hoveyda}}</ref> were imprisoned at Qasr before being executed on the roof of [[Refah School]], where Khomeini had set up his headquarters.<ref name="Guardian"/>
In subsequent decades the prison fell into disuse till in 2005 it was announced by the [[ICHTO]] that the compound would become a museum.<ref name="Peyvand"/> In 2008 it was donated to the municipal government. Reopened in 2012, the former prison buildings and offices were turned into museum buildings, surrounded by a [[public park]] which carries the same name.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2016/feb/11/qasr-prison-iran-pictures | title=From palace to prison: Iran's Qasr – in pictures | work=[[The Guardian]] / [[The Tehran Bureau]] |author1=Marketa Hulpachova |author2=Sourena Parham | date=February 11, 2016 | access-date=December 26, 2017}}</ref><ref name="TripAdvisor">{{cite web | url=https://www.tripadvisor.co.nz/Attraction_Review-g293999-d4553615-Reviews-Ghasr_Garden_Museum-Tehran_Tehran_Province.html | title=Ghasr Garden & Museum (Tehran) - All You Need to Know Before You Go (with Photos) | publisher=[[TripAdvisor]] | access-date=December 26, 2017}}</ref> It hosts many cultural events such as the [[Nowrooz festival]]. According to the [[Iranian Students News Agency]] Qasr was named the most creative museum in the country in 2013.<ref name="ArchDaily">{{cite web | url=https://www.archdaily.com/381379/qasr-garden-museum-arash-mozafari | title=Qasr Garden Museum / Experimental Branch of Architecture | publisher=[[ArchDaily]] | date=June 5, 2013 | access-date=December 26, 2017}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
باغ موزه قصر - زندان سیاسی.jpg|Museum of the Qasr Prison
Qasr Museum (Qasr Prison) 1.png|Qasr Museum
Qasr Museum (Qasr Prison) 2.png|Museum of the Qasr Prison
Qasr Museum (Qasr Prison) 3.png|Qasr Museum
Qasr Museum (Qasr Prison) 4.png|A small pavilion
Qasr Museum (Qasr Prison) 5.png|An entrance to the park.
</gallery>
==References==▼
{{reflist}}▼
==See also==
Line 38 ⟶ 46:
{{commons category|Qasr Prison, Qajar Qasr Palace}}
▲==References==
▲{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Qasr Prison (Museum)}}
[[Category:Museums in Tehran]]
[[Category:Prisons in Iran]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Tehran]]
[[Category:Prison museums in Asia]]
| |||