Content deleted Content added
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Add: date. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Anas1712 | Category:Regions of England | #UCB_Category 24/30 |
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Add: date. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Anas1712 | Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions of England | #UCB_Category 4/10 |
||
Line 216:
In 793, the Vikings arrived on the shores of north-east England with a raiding party from Norway who attacked the monastic settlement on Lindisfarne.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kris|last=Hirst|publisher=About.com Guide|title=Viking Raids: The Early Medieval Practice of Viking Raids|url=http://archaeology.about.com/od/vikings/qt/viking_raid.htm|access-date=23 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523072439/http://archaeology.about.com/od/vikings/qt/viking_raid.htm|archive-date=23 May 2013}}</ref> The monks fled or were slaughtered, and Bishop Higbald sought refuge on the mainland. A chronicler recorded: "On the 8th June, the harrying of the heathen miserably destroyed God's church by rapine and slaughter." There were three hundred years of Viking raids, battles and settlement until [[William the Conqueror]] defeated King Harold at Hastings in 1066.<ref>{{cite web|first=David|last=Simpson|publisher=EnglandsNortheast|title=History of Northumbria:Viking era 866 AD to 1066 AD|url=http://www.englandsnortheast.co.uk/VikingNorthumbria.html|access-date=23 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730071112/http://www.englandsnortheast.co.uk/VikingNorthumbria.html|archive-date=30 July 2013}}</ref> The ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' notes the change from raiding to settlement when it records that in 876 the Vikings "Shared out the land of the Northumbrians and they proceeded to plough and support themselves"<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Wood|publisher=Guild Publishing|title=Domesday:A Search for the Roots of England|year=1986|page=129}}</ref>
The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria extended from the Scottish borders (then [[Pictish]] borders) at the Firth of Forth to the north, and to the south of [[York]], its capital, down to the Humber. The last independent Northumbrian king from 947–8 was [[Eric Bloodaxe]], who died at the [[Battle of Stainmore]], Westmorland, in 954. After Eric Bloodaxe's death, all England was ruled by [[Eadred]], the grandson of [[Alfred the Great]]; and so began the machinery of national government.<ref>{{cite book|first=Neil|last=Oliver| author-link = Neil Oliver|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|title=Vikings A History|year=2012|isbn=978-0-297-86787-6|page=237}}</ref> Today the Viking legacy can still be found in the language and place names of north-east England and in the [[DNA]] of its people.<ref>{{cite web|first=Sarah|last=Richardson|publisher=Laing Art Gallery|title=Migration: Geordie Vikings|date=24 June 2013 |url=http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/engage/blog/migration-geordie-vikings/|access-date=23 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728050724/http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/engage/blog/migration-geordie-vikings/|archive-date=28 July 2013}}</ref> The name [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] comes from the castle built shortly after the conquest in 1080 by [[Robert Curthose]], William the Conqueror's eldest son.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
==Local government==
| |||