Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Altered template type. Add: newspaper, jstor, doi. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | #UCB_webform 283/3850 |
||
Line 383:
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Ethnic group
! colspan="2" |1971 estimations<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1t8915s |title=Explaining ethnic differences: Changing patterns of disadvantage in Britain |date=2003 |publisher=Bristol University Press |edition=1|doi=10.2307/j.ctt1t8915s |jstor=j.ctt1t8915s }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref>{{cite journal |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |pages=Table 2.1 |last1=Equality |first1=Commission for Racial }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991<ref name=":412">Data is taken from United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm Casweb Data services] of the United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405213012/http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm |date=5 April 2022 }} (Table 6)</ref>
Line 1,105:
The coal and shipbuilding industry that once dominated the North East suffered a marked decline during the second half of the 20th century. [[Tyneside]] is now re-inventing itself as an international centre of art, culture and through [[Centre for Life|The Centre For Life]], [[science|scientific]] [[research]], especially in [[healthcare]] and [[biotechnology]]. [[Newcastle University]] is now a leading institution in the development of [[stem cell]] technology being the first in the United Kingdom and the second institution in Europe to obtain a licence to do such work.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Guardian|title=Green light for stem cell clones|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2004/aug/12/sciencenews.genetics|access-date=22 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212062748/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2004/aug/12/sciencenews.genetics|archive-date=12 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> As with the rest of the region, Sunderland suffered economic decline during the last century, but is now becoming an important area for [[quaternary industry]], bioscience, computing and [[high technology|high]] tech industries. The economy of Sunderland is now dominated by the [[Nissan Sunderland|Nissan]]'s European car manufacturing facility and supply chain which is also leading that company's development of [[electric vehicles]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Adrian|last=Pearson|publisher=The Journal|title=Nissan plans its expansion of Sunderland plant|url=http://www.thejournal.co.uk/news/north-east-news/nissan-plans-expansion-sunderland-plant-5759091|access-date=22 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823054242/http://www.thejournal.co.uk/news/north-east-news/nissan-plans-expansion-sunderland-plant-5759091|archive-date=23 August 2013}}</ref>
The economy of Teesside continues to be largely based on the [[petrochemical]], [[commodity chemicals|commodity chemical]] and [[Steel industry|steel industries]] that form a significant part of the Northeast of England Process Industry Cluster (NEPIC), but newer industries such as offshore engineering and [[digital computing]], particularly in the field of [[Game design]], have emerged from Teesside University.<ref>{{cite news|first=Martin|last=Walker|publisher=BDaily|title=Cash approved for £4.2m Teesside digital centre|url=https://bdaily.co.uk/creative/20-08-2013/cash-approved-for-42m-teesside-digital-centre/|access-date=22 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821075011/https://bdaily.co.uk/creative/20-08-2013/cash-approved-for-42m-teesside-digital-centre/|archive-date=21 August 2013}}</ref> [[Northumberland]], although largely rural and an important tourist location with its castles, beaches, and history has a nationally significant concentration of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies around Cramlington and Prudhoe.<ref>{{cite
The [[Durham, England|City of Durham]] with its highly regarded [[Durham University|University]], Castle and Cathedral attracts many tourists and also a significant number of knowledge intensive businesses (KIBS) in architecture, engineering, technology and measurement science. At [[Sedgefield]] in County Durham, [[NETPark]] is home to the Centre for Process Innovation's [[Printable Electronics Technology Centre]], a nationally important centre for the development of [[printed electronics]] and a number of other emerging electronics companies such as Kromek.
| |||