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{{Short description|Professional honorary
{{Use
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{infobox organization
| name = National Academy of Design
| logo = National Academy of Design Logo.png
| image = National_Academy_of_Design_(48059131596).jpg
|
|
|map=
{{Infobox mapframe
|wikidata=yes
|zoom=14
|marker=building
}}
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
| formation = {{start date and age|1863}}
| type = Honorary organization, museum, and school
| purpose = To promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition
| headquarters = [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]], U.S.
| location =
| leader_title = President
| leader_name =
| website = {{URL|http://www.nationalacademy.org}}
}}
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==History==
[[File:18970403.NYC.Academy of Design (1865; razed).jpg|thumb|
The original founders of the National Academy of Design were students of the [[American Academy of the Fine Arts]]. However, by 1825 the students of the American Academy felt a lack of support for teaching from the academy, its board composed of merchants, lawyers, and physicians, and from its unsympathetic president, the painter [[John Trumbull]].
Samuel Morse and other students set about forming
Morse had been a student at the [[Royal Academy]] in [[London]] and emulated its structure and goals for the National Academy of Design. The mission of the academy, from its foundation, was to "promote the fine arts in America through exhibition and education."<ref name ="HistOv">[https://www.nationalacademy.org/historical-overview/ Historical Overview], National Academy of Design.</ref>
In 2015, the academy struggled with financial hardship. In the next few years, it closed its museum and art school, and created an endowment through the sale of its New York real estate holdings.<ref name="NYT_Kennedy2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/18/arts/design/national-academy-plans-to-sell-two-fifth-avenue-buildings.html|title=National Academy Plans to Sell Two Fifth Avenue Buildings|first=Randy|last=Kennedy|work=The New York Times |date=March 17, 2016|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> Today, the academy advocates for the arts as a tool for education, celebrates the role of artists and architects in public life, and serves as a catalyst for cultural conversations that propel society forward.<ref name="NatRev2019">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2019/01/national-academy-of-design-artist-advocacy/ |title=The National Academy of Design Makes a Triumphant Comeback |last=Allen |first=Brian T |work=National Review |quote=It has always been an artist-run organization. Its exclusive, invite-only membership comprises many of the best artists in the country, and going forward it has decided to focus its resources and energy on serving them. This means promoting their achievements, helping them through grants, and producing a snappy online journal that’s fresh and focused. |date=January 5, 2019 |access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref>
According to the academy, its 450 National Academicians "are professional artists and architects who are elected to membership by their peers annually."<ref>[https://www.nationalacademy.org/national-academicians National Academicians], National Academy of Design.</ref>
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===Locations===
The academy occupied several locations in [[Manhattan]] over the years. Notable among them was a building on [[Park Avenue]] and 23rd Street designed by architect [[P. B. Wight]] and built 1863–1865 in a [[Venetian Gothic architecture|Venetian Gothic]] style modeled on the [[Doge's Palace, Venice|Doge's Palace]] in [[Venice, Italy|Venice]]. Another location was at West 109th Street and [[Amsterdam Avenue (Manhattan)|Amsterdam Avenue]].<ref name=casp10>Cassell, Dewey, with Aaron Sultan and Mike Gartland. ''The Art of George Tuska'' ([[TwoMorrows Publishing]], 2005), {{ISBN|978-1-893905-40-5}}, p. 10</ref> From 1906 to 1941, the academy occupied the [[American Fine Arts Society]] building at 215 West 57th Street.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asllinea.org/american-fine-arts-society-building/|access-date=2020-12-06| title=Celebrating the American Fine Arts Society Building| website=asllinea.org|date=November 4, 2017 }}</ref>
From 1942 to 2019, the academy occupied a mansion
The National Academy of Design shared offices and galleries with the [[National Arts Club]] located inside the historic [[Samuel J. Tilden House]], 14-15 Gramercy Park South from 2019 until 2023.
▲From 1942 to 2019, the academy occupied a mansion on [[Fifth Avenue]] and Eighty-ninth Street,<ref>{{Cite news|date=1941-10-05|title=Art of Past Era to Be Exhibited; National Academy of Design Opens New Home Jan. 1|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1941/10/05/archives/art-of-past-era-to-be-exhibited-national-academy-of-design-opens.html|access-date=2020-12-06|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> the former home of sculptor [[Anna Hyatt Huntington]] and [[philanthropist]] [[Archer M. Huntington]], who donated the house in 1940.<ref>''[[The New York Times]]'', [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/11/realestate/streetscapes-national-academy-museum-school-fine-arts-5th-avenue-donor-who-loved.html January 11, 1998]</ref>
Currently
==Organization and activities==
[[File:National Academy School of Fine Arts (48237025902).jpg|thumb|
The academy is a professional honorary organization, with a school and a museum.
One cannot apply for membership, which since 1994, after many changes in numbers, is limited to 450 American artists and architects. Instead, members are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence. Full members of the National Academy are identified by the [[post-nominal]] "NA" (National Academician), associates by "ANA".<ref>[http://www.nationalacademy.org/national-academicians Artist Membership], National Academy of Design</ref>
At the heart of the National Academy is their ever-growing collection. Academicians choose and contribute a work of their own creation, building upon the academy's distinguished legacy. Today, their permanent collection totals over 8,000 works and tells a singular history of American art and architecture as constructed by its creators. The
==Notable instructors==
Among the teaching staff were numerous artists, including [[Will Hicok Low]], who taught from 1889 to 1892. Another was Charles Louis Hinton, whose long tenure started in 1901. The famous American poet [[William Cullen Bryant]] also gave lectures. Architect [[Alexander Jackson Davis]] taught at the academy. Painter [[Lemuel Wilmarth]] was the first full-time instructor.<ref>
==Notable members==
[[File:Brown Gray Durand 1850.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|A few members in 1850 (L to R): [[Henry Kirke Brown]], [[Henry Peters Gray]] and founding member [[Asher Brown Durand]].]]
[[File:Annual Reception at the National Academy of Design, New York.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|''Annual Reception at the National Academy of Design, New York'', 1868, a [[wood engraving]] from a sketch by W. S. L. Jewett.]]
[[File:Rockwell-Norman-LOC.jpg|thumb
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
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* [[James Henry Beard]]
* [[Edwin Blashfield]]
* [[Lee Bontecou]]
* [[Stanley Boxer]]
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* [[Colin Campbell Cooper]]
* [[Leon Dabo]]
* [[Cyrus Dallin]]
* [[William Parsons Winchester Dana]]
* [[Charles Harold Davis]]
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* [[Lydia Field Emmet]]
* [[Herbert Ferber]]
* [[François Flameng]]
* [[Bruce Fowle]]
* [[Helen Frankenthaler]]
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* [[Sonia Gechtoff]]
* [[Frank Gehry]]
* [[John George Brown]]
* [[Paul Georges]]
* [[Arthur Hill Gilbert]]
* [[Aaron Goodelman]]
* [[Hardie Gramatky]]
* [[Horatio Greenough]]
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* [[Dorothy Weir Young]]
* [[Milford Zornes]]
* William Penn Morgan<ref name="Artist">
{{div col end}}
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==External links==
{{
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*
{{Museums in Manhattan|state=collapsed}}
{{Upper East Side|state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}
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[[Category:National Academy of Design| ]]
[[Category:1825 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Academies of arts]]▼
[[Category:Art museums and galleries in New York City]]
[[Category:Art museums and galleries established in 1825]]
[[Category:Art schools in New York City]]
[[Category:Clubs and societies in New York City]]▼
[[Category:Design museums in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Fifth Avenue]]▼
[[Category:Learned societies of the United States]]▼
[[Category:Museums in Manhattan]]
▲[[Category:Learned societies of the United States]]
▲[[Category:Academies of arts]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1825]]
[[Category:Upper East Side]]▼
[[Category:Venetian Gothic architecture in the United States]]
▲[[Category:Upper East Side]]
▲[[Category:Fifth Avenue]]
▲[[Category:Clubs and societies in New York City]]
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