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He studied biology and geology at the [[Groningen University|university of Groningen]] and geology and the history of science at [[Princeton University|Princeton]] and [[Oxford University|Oxford]]. When in 1977 he was elected to a [[Wolfson College, Oxford]] research position in the history of science, Rupke made this subject his full-time occupation. A series of similar international research posts followed, until in 1993 he took up a professorship at [[Göttingen University]] to teach the history of science and medicine.<ref name="Carreer1">"Die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften als Lebensgeschichten", ''Jahrbuch der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen'', 2005, pp. 313-322. Autobiographical sketch in the Yearbook of Göttingen Academy on the occasion of Rupke's election as a member of the academy.</ref> Since 2009, Rupke holds a Lower Saxony research chair.<ref name="Carreer2">www.uni-goettingen.de/de/108191.html. Press-release of the Lower Saxony Ministry of education about the "Niedersachsenprofesur 65+" (Lower Saxony research chair) 2009; [http://www.zeit.de/2009/31/C-Niedersachsenprofessur Interview] with [[Die Zeit]]</ref>
Rupke is known for his studies of late-modern biology, geology and science & religion. With an interest in the biographical approach, he restored to their contemporary prominence several nineteenth-century scientists, most important among them [[Richard Owen]] who well before the appearance of ''[[The Origin of Species]]'' developed a naturalistic theory of evolution, albeit a non-Darwinian one.<ref name="Owen biography">''Richard Owen: Biology without Darwin'' (revised ed. of ''Richard Owen: Victorian Naturalist'', New Haven and London: Yale, 1994) Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2009.</ref>
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Studies of [[Alexander von Humboldt]] came next<ref name="Humboldt metabiography">''Alexander von Humboldt: A Metabiography'' (corrected edition). Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2008.</ref>, in which Rupke developed what he terms the metabiographical approach by exploring how a famous life – in this case Humboldt's – may be multiply retold and reconstructed as part of different belief systems and memory cultures.<ref name="Humboldt review">[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7091/full/441286a.html "Lives after death"]. Steven Shapin's review in [[Nature_(journal)|''Nature'']], May 18 2006, of ''Alexander von Humboldt: A Metabiography'', discussing Rupke's metabiographical approach.</ref>
▲He is a fellow of Germany's [[German_Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina|National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]]<ref name="Leopoldina membership">[http://www.leopoldina-halle.de/cms/en/academy/organisation/members/list-of-members.html Membership listing of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina - Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften].</ref> and of the [[Göttingen_Academy_of_Sciences|Göttingen Academy of Sciences]].
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