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==Climate==
Ningbo has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'') with four distinctive seasons, characterized by hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and dry winters (with occasional snow). The mean annual temperature is {{convert|17.15|°C|1}}, with monthly daily averages ranging from {{convert|5.3|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|28.8|°C}} in July. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from {{convert|−8.8|°C|0}} on 12 January 1955 to {{convert|42.1|°C|0}} on 8 August 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag%3DdataLogger |title=无标题文档 |access-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |archive-date=2013-03-18 }}</ref> The city receives an average annual rainfall of {{convert|1430|mm|abbr=on}} and is affected by the [[Meiyu|plum rains]] of the Asian monsoon in June, when average relative humidity also peaks. From August to October, Ningbo experiences the effects of [[typhoon]]s, and is affected by an average 1.8 storms annually, though the city is not often struck directly by these systems. A 2012 OECD study lists Ningbo among the top 20 cities worldwide most at risk of flooding due to anthropogenic climate change.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranking of the world's cities most exposed to coastal flooding today and in the future. Executive Summary|url=http://www.oecd.org/env/cc/39721444.pdf|website=OECD|access-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112004304/http://www.oecd.org/env/cc/39721444.pdf|archive-date=12 November 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Ningbo is among the cities in China which are implementing [[sponge city]] strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change.<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus">{{Cite book |last1=Curtis |first1=Simon |title=The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order |last2=Klaus |first2=Ian |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=9780300266900 |location=New Haven and London |publication-date=2024 |pages=173 |doi=10.2307/jj.11589102 |jstor=jj.11589102}}</ref>
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