Ningbo: Difference between revisions

| name = NingboNingpo

| official_name =

| native_name = 宁寧波市

| native_name_lang = zh-Hans

| other_name = Ningpo Ningbo

| settlement_type = [[Prefecture-level city|Prefecture-level]] & [[Sub-provincial city]]

| image_skyline = {{multiple image

| image_caption = '''Clockwise:''' NingboNingpo city god temple, [[Yinzhou District, Ningbo|Yinzhou District Government of NingboNingpo]], Tianfeng Pagoda, [[Dongqian Lake]], [[Tianyi Ge|Tianyi Pavilion]] Museum

| image_seal = =

| image_shield = =

| nickname = =

| motto = =

| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=7|frame-lat=29.59|frame-long=121.55}}

| image_map1 = Location map of NingboNingpo, ZhejiangChekiang.png

| map_caption1 = NingboNingpo City in ZhejiangChekiang

| pushpin_map = China

| pushpin_label_position = right

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in China

| coor_pinpoint = [[TianyiTienyi Square]]

| coordinates = {{coord|29.869|N|121.554|E|format=dms|type:landmark_region:CN-33_source:Gaode|display=i}}

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = [[China]]

| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of China|Province]]

| subdivision_name1 = [[ZhejiangChekiang]]

| subdivision_type2 = [[County-level division|County-level divisions]]

| subdivision_name2 = 11

| subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Township level|Township divisions]]

| subdivision_name3 = 148

| seat_type = Municipal seat

| seat = [[YinzhouYinchou District, Ningbo|YinzhouNingpo Yinchou District]]

| established_title = =

| established_date = =

| government_footnotes = =

| government_type = [[Sub-provincial city]]

| governing_body = [[NingboNingpo Municipal People's Congress]]

| leader_title = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]]

| leader_name = [[Peng Jiaxue]]

| leader_title1 = [[NingboNingpo Municipal People's Congress|Congress]] Chairman

| leader_name1 = [[Yu Hongyi]]

| leader_title2 = [[Mayor]]

| leader_name2 = [[Qiu Dongyao]]

| leader_title3 = [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Ningbo Municipal Committee|CPPCC]] Chairman

| leader_name3 = [[Xu Yuning]]

| total_type =

| unit_pref =

| area_footnotes =

| area_total_km2 = 9816.23

| area_land_km2 =

| area_water_km2 = =

| area_water_percent = =

| area_urban_km2 = 2461.8

| area_metro_km2 = 2461.8

| elevation_footnotes = =

| elevation_m = 150

| elevation_ft = 488

| population_total = 9618000

| population_as_of = 2022 census

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_urban = 7585000

| population_metro = 2033000

| population_note = =

| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|script-title=zh:2022年宁波市人口主要数据公报|trans-title=Ningbo Population Key Data Bulletin 2022|url=http://tjj.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2023/3/2/art_1229042825_58918069.html|website=tjj.ningbo.gov.cn|access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref>

| demographics_type2 = GDP<ref name="NBECO2019">{{cite web |script-title=zh:2022年宁波市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |trans-title = Statistical Communiqué of Ningbo on the 2022 National Economic and Social Development |publisher = Ningbo Bureau of Statistics |website = tjj.ningbo.gov.cn |date = 28 February 2022 |language = zh |access-date = 28 February 2022 |url = http://tjj.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2018/2/6/art_18617_2731061.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191030072535/http://tjj.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2018/2/6/art_18617_2731061.html |archive-date = 30 October 2019 |url-status = live }}</ref>

| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 1.570 trillion<br />[[US$]] 233.5 billion

| timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]

| utc_offset = +8

| postal_code_type = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]

| postal_code = 315000

| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in China|574]]

| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-ZJ-02]]

| registration_plate = {{lang|zh-cn|[[License Plate (China)|浙B]]}}

| blank1_name_sec1 = City [[tree]]s

| blank1_info_sec1 = Camphor Laurel<br />''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]'' (L.) Sieb.

| blank2_name_sec1 = City [[flower]]s

| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Camellia]]

| website = {{URL|http://www.ningbo.gov.cn/col/col1229172783/index.html|ningbo.gov.cn}}

| footnotes = =

| piccap = "NingboNingpo" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters

| p = Níngbō

| w = Ning²-po¹

| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|n|ing|2|.|b|o|1}}

| j = Ning⁴-bo¹

| y = Nìhng-bō

'''NingboNingpo'''{{efn|{{zh|s=宁波|p=Níngbō}}; [[Ningbo dialect]]: [[Romanization of Wu Chinese|''gnin² poq⁷'']] {{IPA-wuu|ɲìɲ.póʔ|}}, <small>[[Putonghua|Standard Mandarin]] pronunciation:</small> {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Ning2bo1.ogg|n|ing|2|-|b|o|1}}), [[Chinese postal romanization|formerly romanized]] as '''Ningpo'''}} is a [[sub-provincial city]] in northeast [[Zhejiang|Chekiang]] [[Provinces of China|province]], [[China|People's Republic of China]]. It comprises six urban districts, two [[county-level city|satellite county-level cities]], and two rural counties, including several islands in [[Hangzhou Bay|Hangchow Bay]] and the [[East China Sea]]. NingboNingpo is the southern economic center<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ningbo as southern economic center of Yangtze Delta Megalopolis (宁波是我国东南沿海重要的港口城市、长江三角洲南翼经济中心、国家历史文化名城)|url=http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-03/25/content_9555.htm}}</ref> of the [[Yangtze Delta|Yangtze Delta megalopolis]].<ref name="art_1229099770_3707060">{{Cite web|title=宁波都市区建设行动方案印发|url=http://www.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2021/2/26/art_1229099770_3707060.html|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Ningbo.gov.cn}}</ref> The [[port of Ningbo–Zhoushan|port of Ningpo–Chou Shan]], spread across several locations, is the world's [[List of busiest ports by cargo tonnage|busiest port by cargo tonnage]] and world's third-[[List of busiest container ports|busiest container port]] since 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-26|title=Ningbo-Zhoushan retains world's busiest cargo handling port crown in 2020|url=https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/ports-logistics/ningbo-zhoushan-retains-worlds-busiest-cargo-handling-port-crown-2020|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Seatrade Maritime|language=en}}</ref>

NingboNingpo is the core city and center of the [[Ningbo Metropolitan Area|Ningpo Metropolitan Area]].<ref name="art_1229099770_3707060" /> To the north, [[Hangzhou Bay|Hangchow Bay]] separates NingboNingpo from [[Shanghai]]; to the east lies [[Zhoushan|Chou Shan]] in the [[East China Sea]]; on the west and south, NingboNingpo borders [[Shaoxing|Shaohsing]] and [[Taizhou, Zhejiang|TaizhouTaichow]] respectively. As of the [[Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China|2020 Chinese national census]], the entire administrated area of Ningbo City had a population of 9.4 million (9,404,283).<ref>{{Cite web|title=宁波常住人口超940万|url=http://www.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2021/5/14/art_1229099763_59028614.html|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Ningbo.gov.cn}}</ref>

NingboNingpo is one of the 15 [[sub-provincial city|sub-provincial cities]] in China, and is one of the five [[:zh:计划单列市|separate state-planning cities]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.docin.com/p-51864614.html |script-title=zh:中央机构编制委员会印发《关于副省级市若干问题的意见》的通知. 中编发[1995]5号 |script-website=zh:豆丁网 |date=1995-02-19 |access-date=2014-05-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529084536/http://www.docin.com/p-51864614.html |archive-date=2014-05-29 }}</ref> in China (the other four being [[Dalian|Ta-lien]], [[Qingdao|Tsingtao]], [[Xiamen|Amoy]], and [[Shenzhen]]), with the municipality possessing a separate state-planning status in many economic departments, rather than being governed by [[Zhejiang|ZhejiangChekiang Province]]. Therefore, NingboNingpo has provincial-level autonomy in making economic and financial policies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=国务院关于宁波市实行计划单列的批复（国函〔1987〕37号）_政府信息公开专栏|url=http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2011-10/28/content_1669.htm|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Gov.cn}}</ref>

In 2022, the [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] of NingboNingpo was CNY 1570,43 billion<ref>{{cite web |script-title = zh:2022年宁波市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |trans-title = Statistical Communiqué of Ningbo on the 2022 National Economic and Social Development |publisher = Ningbo Bureau of Statistics |website = tjj.ningbo.gov.cn |date = 28 February 2022 |language = zh |access-date = 28 February 2022 |url = http://tjj.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2018/2/6/art_18617_2731061.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191030072535/http://tjj.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2018/2/6/art_18617_2731061.html |archive-date = 30 October 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> (US$233.479 billion), and it was ranked 12th among 293 cities in China.<ref>{{Cite web|title=宁波GDP总量跃居内地城市第12位--浙江频道--人民网|url=http://zj.people.com.cn/n2/2020/0407/c186327-33930525.html|access-date=2021-05-19|website=zj.people.com.cn}}</ref> Moreover, NingboNingpo is among the wealthiest cities in China; it ranked 8th in terms of average yearly disposable income in the year of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=网易|date=2021-03-31|title=2020年全国城市人均可支配收入排名20强，北方仅一城入围|url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/G6DUBJBA05353R58.html|access-date=2021-05-19|website=163.com}}</ref> As of 2020, NingboNingpo has global headquarters and registered offices of over 100 listed companies,<ref>{{Cite web|title=公牛集团挂牌上交所 宁波上市公司总数"破百"-新闻中心-中国宁波网|url=http://news.cnnb.com.cn/system/2020/02/06/030123390.shtml|access-date=2021-05-19|website=news.cnnb.com.cn}}</ref> and many regional business headquarters. In 2021, NingboNingpo featured the seventh most listed companies of all cities in China.<ref>{{Cite web|title=宁波A股上市公司数量位居全国第7！哪些行业是全国"顶流"？-新闻中心-中国宁波网|url=http://news.cnnb.com.cn/system/2021/05/05/030249712.shtml|access-date=2021-05-19|website=news.cnnb.com.cn}}</ref> Furthermore, Ningbo was among the top 10 Chinese cities in the Urban Business Environment Report released by the Chinese state media [[CCTV-1|China Central Television (CCTV)]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=程祥|title=2019中国城市营商环境报告发布 北京综合排名第一|url=http://news.cctv.com/2020/06/18/ARTIo4uVpQwkauqSU6vpAO2h200618.shtml|access-date=2021-05-19|website=news.cctv.com}}</ref>

The first character in the city's name ''ning'' ({{linktext|lang=zh-hans|宁}} or {{lang|zh-hant|寧}}) means "serene", while its second character ''bo'' ({{linktext|lang=zh|波}}) translates to "wave". The city is abbreviated "{{linktext|lang=zh|甬}}" ({{zh|p=Yǒng}}) for the eponymous "YongYung Hill" ({{lang|zh|甬山}}), a prominent coastal hill near the city, and the [[Yong River (Zhejiang)|YongYung River]] that flows through NingboNingpo city.

Formerly known as MingzhouMingchou (明州; Míngzhōu), NingboNingpo boasts a rich historical background. The name MingzhouMingchou is derived from the characters "{{linktext|明|lang=zh}}" (Míng), which symbolizes the presence of two lakes within the city walls: the Sun Lake (日湖) and the Moon Lake (月湖). This nomenclature traces its roots back to the Tang dynasty in 636 AD, reflecting the enduring history of NingboNingpo. While the original Sun Lake dried up during the 19th century, the NingboNingpo government embarked on its restoration in 2002, transforming it into one of the city's prominent parks. This restoration not only honors the city's historical roots but also contributes to the contemporary allure of NingboNingpo as a city that seamlessly blends its past and present.

{{main|History of NingboNingpo}}

As of 2020, the earliest relics of human activity discovered in NingboNingpo City are from the [[:zh:井头山遗址|Jingtou Mountain site]] in Yuyao. These relics date back to 6300 BC, evidencing early human consumption of seafood and rice. A large number of cultivated rice, farming tools, remains of dry fence buildings, remains of domestic livestock, and primitive religious items have been unearthed from related sites of the [[Hemudu culture]] (5000–4500 BC), evidencing human settlement and culture in the eastern part of the Ningshao Plain, where modern-day NingboNingpo city is located.

Before the [[Han dynasty]], the area where NingboNingpo City is located today was sparsely populated. In the [[Xia dynasty|Hsia dynasty]], the location of NingboNingpo was called "Yin". In the [[Spring and Autumn period|Spring and Autumn Period]], the area where NingboNingpo belonged was the [[Yue (state)|Yue State]]. At that time, the Yue King Goujian built Juzhang City in the present-day Cicheng Town, which became the earliest city in NingboNingpo. In the latter half of the [[Warring States period|Warring States]] period, the area of NingboNingpo became the jurisdiction of [[Chu (state)|Chu State]]. In 221 BC, Qin unified the six states and the NingboNingpo area was delegated to [[Kuaiji Commandery]], with three counties of Yin, Yin, and Juzhang (some studies assert there were four counties of Yin, Yin, Juzhang, and Yuyao). In the early years of the Western Han dynasty, [[Kuaiji Commandery]] belonged to the Kingdom of Jing and Wu. After the Seven Kingdoms was settled, [[Kuaiji Commandery]] was restored. In 589 AD (Sui Kai Huang nine years), the counties were merged under the Wu kingdom.

===TangT’ang and SongSung dynasty===

Since the [[Tang dynasty|T’ang dynasty]], Ningbo has been an important commercial port. Arab traders lived in NingboNingpo during the [[Song dynasty|Sung dynasty]] when it was known as MingzhouMingchou or Siming,<ref name="Hagras 102">{{Cite journal|last=Hagras|first=Hamada Muhammed|date=2017-06-20|title=An Ancient Mosque In Ningbo, China "Historical And Architectural Study"|url=https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/72535-EN-an-ancient-mosque-in-ningbo-china-histor.pdf|journal=Journal of Islamic Architecture|volume=4|issue=3|pages=102–113|doi=10.18860/jia.v4i3.3851|issn=2356-4644|doi-access=free}}</ref> since the ocean-going trade passages took precedence over land trade during this time.<ref>

</ref> There was also a large Jewish community in NingboNingpo, as evidenced by the fact that, after a major flood destroyed [[Torah]] scrolls in [[Kaifeng]] in 1642, a replacement was sent to the [[Kaifeng Jews]] by the [[Jews]] at Ningbo.<ref>Xu Xin, The Jews of Kaifeng, Ktav Publishing House c 2003</ref>

The city of NingboNingpo was known in Europe for a long time under the name of Liampó. This was the usual spelling used, e.g. in the standard Portuguese history, [[João de Barros]]'s ''Décadas da Ásia'', although Barros explained that Liampó was a Portuguese "corruption" of the more correct Nimpó.<ref name=barros1.9.7>[[João de Barros]], ''Décadas da Ásia''; 1st Decade, Book IX, Chapter VII. Lisbon, 1552 (e.g., pp. 336–337, in the 1988 reprint)</ref><ref>[[João de Barros]], ''Décadas da Ásia'', 3rd Decade, Book II, Chapter VII. Lisbon, 1563 (folio 44 in the original edition and the 1992 facsimile reprint)</ref> The spelling Liampó is also attested to in the ''Peregrination'' (''Peregrinação'') by [[Fernão Mendes Pinto]], a (so-called) autobiography written in Portuguese during the 16th century. For the mid-16th-century Portuguese, the nearby promontory, which they called the cape of Liampó after the nearby "illustrious city", was the easternmost known point of the mainland Asia.<ref name=barros1.9.7/> The Portuguese began trading in NingboNingpo around 1522. By 1542, the Portuguese had a sizable community in NingboNingpo (or, more likely, on nearby small islands such as [[Shuangyu]]). Portuguese activities from their NingboNingpo base included pillaging and attacking multiple Chinese port cities around NingboNingpo for plunder and spoil. They also enslaved people during their raids.<ref>{{cite book

}}</ref> The Portuguese were ousted from the NingboNingpo area in 1548.

=== QingCh’ing dynasty ===

NingboNingpo was one of the five Chinese ''[[treaty ports]]'' opened by the [[Treaty of Nanjing|Treaty of Nanking]] signed in 1842 at the end of the [[First Opium War]] between the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] and China. During the war, British forces briefly took possession of the walled city of Ningbo after storming the fortified town of [[Zhenhai District|ZhenhaiChinhai]] at the mouth of the YongYung River on October 10, 1841. The British subsequently repulsed a Chinese attempt to retake the city in the [[Battle of Ningpo]] on 10 March 1842. In 1861, the forces of the [[Taiping Kingdom]] took the city relatively unopposed as the defending garrison and all Ningbo residents fled except for the [[Jews]] and [[Persians]]; they held the town for six months. In March 1885, during the [[Sino-French War]], Admiral Courbet's naval squadron blockaded several Chinese warships in ZhenhaiChinhai Bay and exchanged fire with the shore defenses.

NingboNingpo was also once famed for traditional Chinese furniture production, and western encyclopedias described NingboNingpo as a center of craftsmanship and industry.<ref>

During the 1800s NingboNingpo authorities contracted Cantonese pirates to exterminate Portuguese pirates who had raided Canton shipping around NingboNingpo. The massacre was "successful", with 40 Portuguese dead and only 2 Cantonese dead. It was dubbed "[[The Ningpo Massacre]]" by an English correspondent, who noted that the Portuguese pirates had behaved savagely towards the Cantonese Chinese, and that the Portuguese authorities at Macau should have reined in the pirates.

During the late QingCh’ing era, Western missionaries set up a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian Church]] in NingboNingpo. Li Veng-eing was a Reverend of the Ningpo Church.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Home and foreign record of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, Volume 18|year=1867 |author=Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. |publisher=Presbyterian Board of Publication |page=140}}</ref> The Ningpo College was managed by Rev. Robert F. Fitch. The four trustees were natives of Ningbo, and three of them had Taotai rank.<ref>{{cite book |title=New-York observer, Volume 83 |date=27 April 1905 |publisher=Morse, Hallock & Co. |page=533}}</ref> Rev. George Evans Moule, B.A., was appointed as a missionary to China by the [[Church of England Missionary Society]], and arrived at Ningpo with Mrs. Moule in February 1858. His time was chiefly divided between Ningpo and another mission station he began at Hang-chow. He wrote Christian publications in the [[Ningbo dialect|Ningpo dialect]].<ref>

During WWII in 1940, between 80% and 90% of NingboNingpo's population fled NingboNingpo, leaving only the elderly behind<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=waklDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title = Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China|isbn = 9780520254459|last1 = MacKinnon|first1 = Stephen R.|date = 21 May 2008| publisher=University of California Press }}</ref> before the Japanese bombed Ningbo with ceramic bombs full of [[flea]]s carrying the [[bubonic plague]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1135368.stm|title=Japan bombed China with plague-fleas |website=news.BBC.co.uk |date=25 January 2001 |access-date=26 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603122452/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1135368.stm|archive-date=3 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Daniel Barenblatt, imperial planes loading germ bombs for bubonic dissemination over NingboNingpo was recorded on film in 1940.<ref>Daniel Barenblatt, ''A Plague upon Humanity'', 2004, p. 32</ref>

“It has been said of the NingboNingpo fishermen that, 'no people in the world apparently made so great an advance in the art of fishing; and for centuries past no people have made so little further progress.'”<ref>{{cite book |title= The Junks and Sampans of the Yangtze|last= Worcester|first= G R G|year= 1971|publisher= Naval Institute Press |isbn= 9780870213359 |oclc= 216526 |page=174}}</ref>

NingboNingpo ranges in latitude from 28° 51' to 30° 33' N and in longitude from 120° 55' to 122° 16' E, bounded on the east by the [[East China Sea]] and [[Zhoushan Archipelago|Chou Shan Archipelago]]; on the north by [[Hangzhou Bay|Hangchow Bay]], across which it faces [[Jiaxing|Kashing]] and [[Shanghai]]; on the west by [[Shaoxing|Shaohsing]]; and on the south by [[Taizhou, Zhejiang|TaizhouTaichow]]. Its land area is {{convert|9816|km2||sp=us}}, while its oceanic territory amounts to {{convert|9758|km2|abbr=on}}; there is a total {{convert|1562|km|0|abbr=on}} of coastline, including {{convert|788|km|abbr=on}} of mainland coastline and {{convert|774|km|0|abbr=on}} of island coastline that together accounting for one-third of the entire provincial coastline. There are 531 islands accounting for {{convert|524|km2|abbr=on}} under the city's administration.

NingboNingpo's city proper is sandwiched between the ocean and low-lying mountains to the southwest, with coastal plain and valleys in between. Important peninsulas include the [[Chuanshan Peninsula]] ({{lang|zh-hans|穿山半岛}}), located in Beilun District and containing mainland ZhejiangChekiang's easternmost point, and the [[Xiangshan Peninsula]] ({{lang|zh-hans|象山半岛}}) in [[Xiangshan County, Zhejiang|XiangshanSiangshan County]]. The [[Siming Mountains]] ({{lang|zh|四明山}}) run north from [[Tiantai Mountain|Mount Tiantai]] and within NingboNingpo City, traversing [[Yuyao|Yuyao City]], [[Haishu, Ningbo|Haishu District]], and [[Fenghua, Ningbo|Fenghua District]], and reaching a height of {{convert|979|m|abbr=on}}.

NingboNingo has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'') with four distinctive seasons, characterized by hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and dry winters (with occasional snow). The mean annual temperature is {{convert|17.15|°C|1}}, with monthly daily averages ranging from {{convert|5.3|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|28.8|°C}} in July. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from {{convert|−8.8|°C|0}} on 12 January 1955 to {{convert|42.1|°C|0}} on 8 August 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag%3DdataLogger |title=无标题文档 |access-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |archive-date=2013-03-18 }}</ref> The city receives an average annual rainfall of {{convert|1430|mm|abbr=on}} and is affected by the [[Meiyu|plum rains]] of the Asian monsoon in June, when average relative humidity also peaks. From August to October, Ningbo experiences the effects of [[typhoon]]s, and is affected by an average 1.8 storms annually, though the city is not often struck directly by these systems. A 2012 OECD study lists Ningbo among the top 20 cities worldwide most at risk of flooding due to anthropogenic climate change.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranking of the world's cities most exposed to coastal flooding today and in the future. Executive Summary|url=http://www.oecd.org/env/cc/39721444.pdf|website=OECD|access-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112004304/http://www.oecd.org/env/cc/39721444.pdf|archive-date=12 November 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

| single line = Y

| metric first = Y

| width = auto

| location = NingboNingpo ([[YinzhouYinchow District, NingboNingpo|YinzhouYinchow District]], 1991–2020 normals, Extremes 1971–2010)

| Jan record high C = 24.4

| Feb record high C = 28.9

| Mar record high C = 34.0

| Apr record high C = 34.3

| May record high C = 36.3

| Jun record high C = 38.0

| Jul record high C = 39.0

| Aug record high C = 39.5

| Sep record high C = 38.8

| Oct record high C = 34.5

| Nov record high C = 29.5

| Dec record high C = 25.0

|Jan Feb high C = 911.67

|Feb Mar high C = 1115.78

|Mar Apr high C = 1521.87

|Apr May high C = 2126.72

|May Jun high C = 2629.20

|Jun Jul high C = 2933.09

|Jul Aug high C = 33.91

|Aug Sep high C = 3328.18

|Sep Oct high C = 2824.8

|Oct Nov high C = 2418.85

|Nov Dec high C = 1812.54

|Dec highJan mean C = 125.48

|Jan Mar mean C = 511.81

|Feb Apr mean C = 716.5

|Mar May mean C = 1121.15

|Apr Jun mean C = 1624.59

|May Jul mean C = 2129.51

|Jun Aug mean C = 2428.98

|Jul Sep mean C = 2924.18

|Aug Oct mean C = 2819.87

|Sep Nov mean C = 2414.81

|Oct Dec mean C = 19.7.1

|Nov meanJan low C = 142.19

|Dec meanFeb low C = 74.13

|Jan Apr low C = 212.97

|Feb May low C = 417.38

|Mar Jun low C = 721.68

|Apr Jul low C = 1225.78

|May Aug low C = 1725.87

|Jun Sep low C = 21.8

|Jul Oct low C = 2516.83

|Aug Nov low C = 2510.78

|Sep Dec low C = 214.8

|Oct Jan record low C = 16−7.39

|Nov Feb record low C = 10−6.82

|Dec Mar record low C = 4−3.87

|Jan Apr record low C = −70.97

|Feb May record low C = −67.24

|Mar Jun record low C = −312.7

|Apr Jul record low C = 018.72

|May Aug record low C = 718.4

|Jun Sep record low C = 1211.70

|Jul Oct record low C = 181.24

|Aug Nov record low C = 18-3.40

|Sep Dec record low C = 11−8.05

|Nov recordJan lowprecipitation Cmm = -383.09

|Dec recordFeb lowprecipitation Cmm = −878.56

| Mar precipitation colourmm = green125.2

|Jan Apr precipitation mm = 83103.98

|Feb May precipitation mm = 78118.62

|Mar Jun precipitation mm = 125233.26

|Apr Jul precipitation mm = 103165.89

|May Aug precipitation mm = 118205.27

|Jun Sep precipitation mm = 233176.63

|Jul Oct precipitation mm = 16588.9

|Aug Nov precipitation mm = 20578.7

|Sep Dec precipitation mm = 17669.31

|Jan May humidity = 7574

|Feb Jun humidity = 7581

|Mar Jul humidity = 7475

|Apr Aug humidity = 7277

|May Sep humidity = 7478

|Jun Oct humidity = 8175

|Jul Nov humidity = 7576

|Aug Dec humidity = 7774

|unit Apr precipitation days = 0.1 mm14

|Jan May precipitation days = 1213.36

|Feb Jun precipitation days = 1116.68

|Mar Jul precipitation days = 1512.1

|Apr Aug precipitation days = 1415

|May Sep precipitation days = 13.65

|Jun Oct precipitation days = 16.8.9

|Jul Nov precipitation days = 1210.16

|Aug Dec precipitation days = 1510.5

|Sep precipitationJan sun days= 13101.5

|Jan Mar sun=101.5 |Jan percentsun = 31123.2

|Feb sun=103.1 |FebMar percentsun = 33

|Mar Apr sun=123.2 |Mar percentsun = 33149.6

|Apr sun=149.6 |Apr percentsun = 39

| May sun = 160.7
| May percentsun = 38

| Jun sun = 120.2
| Jun percentsun = 29

| Jul sun = 218.6
| Jul percentsun = 51

| Aug sun = 202.6
| Aug percentsun = 50

| Sep sun =149 149
| Sep percentsun = 41

| Oct sun = 153.3
| Oct percentsun = 44

| Nov sun = 112.9
| Nov percentsun = 36

| Dec sun = 113.8
| Dec percentsun = 36

| year sun =

| Jan snow days = 2.5

| Feb snow days = 1.9

| Mar snow days = 0.6

| Apr snow days = 0.1

| May snow days = 0

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 0

| Nov snow days = 0

| Dec snow days = 0.9

| year snow days =

| Jan uv = 4

| Feb uv = 5

| Mar uv = 7

| Apr uv = 9

| May uv = 10

| Jun uv = 11

| Jul uv = 11

| Aug uv = 11

| Sep uv = 9

| Oct uv = 7

| Nov uv = 4

| Dec uv = 3

| year uv =

| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma new">{{cite web

| source 2 = Weather Atlas (uv)<ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/china/shanghai-climate#uv_index|title=Monthly weather forecast and climate - Singapore, Singapore|publisher=Weather Atlas|access-date=June 19, 2020}}</ref>

'''<big>Local officers of NingboNingpo</big>'''

* The Secretary of Party in NingboNingpo is [[Peng Jiaxue]], who is first-in-charge of the city.

* The Mayor of NingboNingpo is [[Qiu Dongyao (politician, born 1961)|Qiu Dongyao]], who is second-in command of the city, and the Vice Secretary of Party in NingboNingpo.

'''<big>Administrative divisions of NingboNingpo</big>'''

The sub-provincial city of NingboNingpo is as whole an urban group with one central group, one northern group, and one southern group.

* Six [[District of China|districts]] (central group): Haishu District, YinzhouYinchow District, JiangbeiKiangpei District, Beilun District, ZhenhaiChinhai District, Fenghua District

* Two [[County (People's Republic of China)|counties]] (southern group): XiangshanHsiangshan, Ninghai

NingboNingpo is an important port city located {{convert|220|km|sp=us}} south of [[Shanghai]]. The city's export industry dates back to the 7th century. Today, Ningbo is a major exporter of electrical products, textiles, food, and industrial tools. The city's private sector is especially well-developed, contributing 80 percent of total GDP in 2013.<ref name="Ningbo 2014">[http://www.china-briefing.com/news/2014/05/16/investment-opportunities-ningbo-china.html "Investment Opportunities in Ningbo, China"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517120729/http://www.china-briefing.com/news/2014/05/16/investment-opportunities-ningbo-china.html |date=2014-05-17 }}, ''China Briefing'', Shanghai, 16 May 2014.</ref>

Historically, NingboNingpo was somewhat geographically isolated from other major cities. In 2007 the [[Hangzhou Bay Bridge|Hangchow Bay Bridge]] was built, cutting highway transit time between NingboNingpo and Shanghai from four hours to two and a half. The city now serves as the economic center for the southern Yangtze River Delta and has been ranked among the most competitive cities in China.<ref name="Ningbo 2014"/>

In 2009 NingboNingpo's economic activity reached US$60.8 billion, down 10.4 percent from 2008. The exports totaled US$38.65 billion, down 16.6 percent from the previous year. In addition, Ningbo imported US$22.16 billion of goods, up 3.1 percent from the previous year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/ningbo.htm|title=Market Profiles on Chinese Cities and Provinces (hktdc.com)|website=info.HKTDC.com|access-date=26 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170040/http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/ningbo.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

NingboNingpo's economy grew 9.26 percent in 2013 to 712.89 billion yuan (US$115.12 billion).<ref name="Ningbo 2014"/> In 2009, the city's per capita output was US$10,833, about three times the national average.<ref>{{cite news|first= Langi|last= Chiang|title= Bridge to Shanghai should give Ningbo's economy a lift|url= http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/07/09/business/bridge.php|work= [[International Herald Tribune]]|location= Paris|date= 9 July 2007|access-date= 2 May 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080505065125/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/07/09/business/bridge.php|archive-date= 5 May 2008|url-status= live}}</ref>

==== NingboNingpo Economic & Technological Development Zone ====

Located in the north-east of NingboNingpo, behind Beilun Port, NETD is {{convert|27|km|0|abbr=on}} away from the city center. With more than 20 years of great effort, NETD has already formed the general framework for large scale construction and development, and established the perfect investment environment. It is situated close to the Ningbo Port and Ningbo Lishe International Airport. Major Investors include [[ExxonMobil]], [[DuPont|Dupont]] and [[Dow Chemical Company|Dow Chemical]].<ref name="RightSite.asia">{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-economic-development-zone/ |title=Ningbo Economic & Technological Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827094542/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-economic-development-zone |archive-date=27 August 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== NingboNingpo Daxie Development Zone ====

The NingboNingpo Daxie Development Zone was approved in 1993 and covers an area of {{convert|5.92|km2|abbr=on}}. Over more than ten years of development and construction, industrial and logistical foundations have been established in the zone for the transshipment of energy, liquid chemicals and containers.<ref name="RightSite.asia"/>

==== NingboNingpo National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone ====

NingboNingpo National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was founded in 1999 and was upgraded to a national level zone in January 2007. It is {{convert|10|km|abbr=on}} from NingboNingpo International Airport and {{convert|18|km|abbr=on}} away from NingboNingpo Port. The zone serves as the important technical innovation base of Yangtze River Delta. Industries encouraged include chemicals production and processing, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, raw material processing, Research and Development.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/ |title=Ningbo National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507144921/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone |archive-date=7 May 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== NingboNingpo Free Trade Zone ====

Ningbo Free Trade Zone is one of the 15 free trade zones authorized by the State Council of China and is the only free trade zone in ZhejiangChekiang Province. It was established by State Council in 1992, covering the area of {{convert|2.3|km2|abbr=on}}. It lies in the middle of the coastline of Mainland China, at the south of Yangtze River Delta. In 2008, its industrial output value was RMB 53.33 billion and grew at 19.8 percent as compared to 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-free-trade-zone/ |title=Ningbo Free Trade Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501150719/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/ningbo-free-trade-zone |archive-date=1 May 2010 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The Nordic Industrial Park Co. Ltd. (NIP) is one of the first wholly foreign-owned industrial parks in China located in NingboNingpo, ZhejiangChekiang Province. NIP is managed and operated by a Scandinavian management team.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/nordic-industrial-park/ |title=Nordic Industrial Park |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=29 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127160234/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/nordic-industrial-park |archive-date=27 November 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== NingboNingpo Advertising Park ====

The NingboNingpo Advertising Park is a national level pilot park located in the NingboNingpo Southern Business District. The financial incentives have attracted over 300 relevant firms to establish operations.<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://english.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2015/3/25/art_46_708896.html |title = Ningbo Advertising Industry Park begins to show its cluster effect |website = English.Ningbo.gov.cn |access-date = 2016-02-25 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304012816/http://english.ningbo.gov.cn/art/2015/3/25/art_46_708896.html |archive-date = 2016-03-04}}</ref>