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m Disambiguating links to Yong River (link changed to Yong River (Zhejiang)) using DisamAssist. |
Hankow idk (talk | contribs) m I changed the pinyin romanisation into Wade-Giles romanisation. Tags: Reverted missing file added Visual edit Newcomer task Newcomer task: copyedit |
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{{Infobox settlement
| name
| official_name
| native_name
| native_name_lang
| other_name
| settlement_type
| image_skyline
| border = infobox
| total_width = 280
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| image6 =
}}
| image_caption
| image_seal =
| image_shield =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map
| image_map1
| map_caption1
| pushpin_map
| pushpin_label_position
| pushpin_map_caption
| coor_pinpoint
| coordinates
| subdivision_type
| subdivision_name
| subdivision_type1
| subdivision_name1
| subdivision_type2
| subdivision_name2
| subdivision_type3
| subdivision_name3
| seat_type
| seat
| established_title =
| established_date =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type
| governing_body
| leader_title
| leader_name
| leader_title1
| leader_name1
| leader_title2
| leader_name2
| leader_title3
| leader_name3
| total_type
| unit_pref
| area_footnotes
| area_total_km2
| area_land_km2
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2
| area_metro_km2
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m
| elevation_ft
| population_total
| population_as_of
| population_density_km2
| population_urban
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_metro
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| population_footnotes
| demographics_type2
| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city|Prefecture-level]] & [[Sub-provincial city]]
| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 1.570 trillion<br />[[US$]] 233.5 billion
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 163,911<br />US$ 24,369
| timezone
| utc_offset
| postal_code_type
| postal_code
| area_code
| iso_code
| registration_plate
| blank1_name_sec1
| blank1_info_sec1
| blank2_name_sec1
| blank2_info_sec1
| website
| footnotes =
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
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| showflag = wuu
| pic = Ningbo (Chinese characters).svg
| piccap = "
| picupright = 0.425
| s = 宁波
| t = 寧波 / 𡩋波
| p = Níngbō
| w = Ning<sup>2</sup>-po<sup>1</sup>
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|n|ing|2|.|b|o|1}}
| gr = Ningbo
| j = Ning<sup>4</sup>-bo<sup>1</sup>
| y = Nìhng-bō
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|n|ing|4|.|b|o|1}}
| wuu = {{nowrap|{{Audio|Wuu-Nyinpou.ogg|Nihng-bo}} {{small|([[Ningbonese dialect|locally]])}}}}
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}}
'''
In 2022, the [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] of
As a city with rich culture and a long history dating back to the [[:zh:井头山遗址|Jingtou Mountain Culture]] in 6300 BC and the [[Hemudu culture]] in 4800 BC, Ningbo was awarded "City of Culture in East Asia" by the governments of China, Japan, and Korea in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-02|title=Ningbo is East Asia's new 'City of Culture'|url=https://www.nationthailand.com/life/30270044|access-date=2021-05-19|website=nationthailand|language=en}}</ref> From 1842, Ningbo was one of the first five [[treaty port]]s opened up to the West. Ningbo is one of the top 200 cities in the world by scientific research as tracked by the [[Nature Index]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Leading 200 science cities {{!}} Nature Index 2022 Science Cities {{!}} Supplements {{!}} Nature Index |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2022-science-cities/tables/overall |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=www.nature.com |language=en}}</ref> <!--cited in infobox-->
== Etymology ==
The first character in the city's name ''ning'' (
Formerly known as
==History==
{{main|History of
Ningbo is one of China's oldest cities, with a history dating to the [[:zh:井头山遗址|Jingtou Mountain Culture]] in 6300 BC and [[Hemudu culture]] in 4800 BC. Ningbo was known as a trade city on the [[silk road]] at least two thousand years ago, and later as a major port for foreign trade.
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{{unreferenced section|date=March 2022}}
As of 2020, the earliest relics of human activity discovered in
Before the [[Han dynasty]], the area where
===
[[File:Tianfeng Tower.jpg|thumb|left|Tianfeng Tower, originally built during the Tang dynasty, is the symbol of old Ningbo.]]
[[File:A rock garden inside Tianyi Chamber.JPG|thumb|left|A rock garden inside Tianyi Chamber]]
Since the [[Tang dynasty|T’ang dynasty]], Ningbo has been an important commercial port. Arab traders lived in
{{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=drGGEsi1fFEC&pg=PA210
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|df=dmy-all
}}
</ref> There was also a large Jewish community in
===Ming dynasty===
The city of
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZdCAAAAYAAJ&q=1,200+portuguese+neighbouring+pillaging
|title=Modern history of China
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|page=57
|quote=Thereafter they made the factory near Ningbo their chief trading outlet. In the late 1540s, there were more than 3,000 people there, some 1,200 of them Portuguese. From this base, the latter raided neighboring coastal cities, pillaging and taking people into slavery. The Chinese authorities responded with armed expeditions against them and, finally, the Portuguese had to abandon the factory
}}</ref> The Portuguese were ousted from the
===
[[File:Map of Ningbo in 19th century .jpg|thumb|right|19th century map of Ningbo<ref name="Hagras 102" />]]
{{cite book|title=appleton's new practical cyclopedia |year=1910 |page=432}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Appleton's new practical cyclopedia: a new work of reference based upon the best authorities, and systematically arranged for use in home and school |volume=4 of Appleton's New Practical Cyclopedia |year=1910 |editor1=Marcus Benjamin |editor2=Arthur Elmore Bostwick |editor3=Gerald Van Casteel |editor4=George Jotham Hagar |publisher=D. Appleton and company |page=432}}</ref>
During the 1800s
During the late
{{cite book |title=Memorials of Protestant missionaries to the Chinese: giving a list of their publications, and obituary notices of the deceased. With copious indexes | year=1867 |author=Alexander Wylie |publisher=American Presbyterian Mission Press |page= 247}}</ref>
=== World War II ===
During WWII in 1940, between 80% and 90% of
“It has been said of the
== Geography ==
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[[File:Cathedral of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Ningbo.jpg|thumb|150px|The Cathedral of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was built between 1872 and 1876, was closed by the government in 1963, and was reopened and renamed in 1980. It was recognized as a national heritage site in 2006.]]
Tidal flat ecosystems occur adjacent to the city, however, large areas have been reclaimed for agricultural purposes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=N.J. |last2=Clemens |first2=R.S. |last3=Phinn |first3=S.R. |last4=Possingham |first4=H.P. |last5=Fuller |first5=R.A. |title=Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |date=2014 |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=267–272 |doi=10.1890/130260|bibcode=2014FrEE...12..267M |url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf }}</ref>
==Climate==
Ningbo is among the cities in China which are implementing [[sponge city]] strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change.<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus">{{Cite book |last1=Curtis |first1=Simon |title=The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order |last2=Klaus |first2=Ian |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=9780300266900 |location=New Haven and London |publication-date=2024 |pages=173 |doi=10.2307/jj.11589102 |jstor=jj.11589102}}</ref>
{{Weather box
| single line = Y
| metric first = Y
| width = auto
| location =
| Jan record high C = 24.4
| Feb record high C = 28.9
| Mar record high C = 34.0
| Apr record high C = 34.3
| May record high C = 36.3
| Jun record high C = 38.0
| Jul record high C = 39.0
| Aug record high C = 39.5
| Sep record high C = 38.8
| Oct record high C = 34.5
| Nov record high C = 29.5
| Dec record high C = 25.0
| Jan high C = 9.6
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| Feb mean C = 7.5
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▲|Oct record low C = 1.4
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▲|Oct precipitation mm = 88.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 78.7▼
|Dec precipitation mm = 69.1▼
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▲|Sep humidity= 78
▲|Oct humidity= 75
▲|Nov humidity= 76
▲|Dec humidity= 74
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| Jan percentsun = 31
▲|Oct precipitation days= 8.9
| Feb sun = 103.1
▲|Nov precipitation days= 10.6
| Feb percentsun = 33
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| May sun = 160.7
| May percentsun = 38 | Jun sun = 120.2
| Jun percentsun = 29 | Jul sun = 218.6
| Jul percentsun = 51 | Aug sun = 202.6
| Aug percentsun = 50 | Sep sun =
| Sep percentsun = 41 | Oct sun = 153.3
| Oct percentsun = 44 | Nov sun = 112.9
| Nov percentsun = 36 | Dec sun = 113.8
| Dec percentsun = 36 | year sun =
| Jan snow days =
| Feb snow days =
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| Jun snow days =
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| year snow days =
| Jan uv
| Feb uv
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| May uv
| Jun uv
| Jul uv
| Aug uv
| Sep uv
| Oct uv
| Nov uv
| Dec uv
| year uv =
| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma new">{{cite web
|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
|script-title = zh:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)
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}}
</ref>
| source 2 = Weather Atlas (uv)<ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/china/shanghai-climate#uv_index|title=Monthly weather forecast and climate - Singapore, Singapore|publisher=Weather Atlas|access-date=June 19, 2020}}</ref>
| source =
}}<!--Infobox ends-->
==Administrative structure and divisions==
'''<big>Local officers of
* The Secretary of Party in
* The Mayor of
'''<big>Administrative divisions of
The sub-provincial city of
It has direct jurisdiction over the following:
* Six [[District of China|districts]] (central group): Haishu District,
* Two [[county-level city|county-level cities]] (northern group): Yuyao, Cixi
* Two [[County (People's Republic of China)|counties]] (southern group):
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" | Map
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|-
| colspan="6" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
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== Economy ==
Historically,
In 2009
=== Foreign investment ===
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=== Economic and technological development zones ===
====
Located in the north-east of
====
The
====
====
Ningbo Free Trade Zone is one of the 15 free trade zones authorized by the State Council of China and is the only free trade zone in
==== Nordic Industrial Park ====
The Nordic Industrial Park Co. Ltd. (NIP) is one of the first wholly foreign-owned industrial parks in China located in
====
The
== Ningbo port ==
|