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'''South African resistance to war''' has a long tradition, and a history that includes [[conscientious objectors]], pacifists, deserters and draft dodgers, as well as those whose objections are based upon the notion of "just war" as opposed to unjust or illegal war.▼
{{Anti-war}}▼
 
▲'''South African resistance to war''' has a long tradition, and a history that includes conscientious objectors, pacifists, deserters and draft dodgers, as well as those whose objections are based upon the notion of "just war" as opposed to unjust or illegal war.
 
==Conscientious objectors==
 
The first known conscientious objectors in South Africa were English, Scottish, and Irishmen who were disillusioned by the treatment of [[Boer]] civilians kept in the [[Internment|concentration camps]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LizzieVanZyl.jpg |title=File:LizzieVanZyl.jpg - Wikimedia Commons |publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org |date= |accessdate=2021-11-19}}</ref> Those who based their objection to war either on grounds of the rejection of a particular system, such as the [[Apartheidapartheid]] Stateregime, or doctrines that exclude war based upon illegal means. The [[End Conscription Campaign]] was an organisation active from [[1983]]-[[1994]]1983–1994, that for the most part, pursued the notion of objection to war based upon [[freedom of conscience]].
 
==Pacifists, deserters and draft dodgers==
 
Those who resisted war in general or in part due to either religious, private or personal convictions. Either by failing to enlist, deserting, or refusing to do service by other means. Desertionwere deserters isand punishable under the [[Military Discipline Code]] (MDC), which forms part of the [[1957]] Defence Act. Although the present 1957 Defence Act requires military service obligations after completion of the initial military training, thesethe obligations are not enforced owingbecause toof an August [[1994]] [[moratorium (law)|moratorium]] placed on prosecution for not responding to the call-ups. [7]
 
However, thisthe moratorium does not apply to cases of absence without leave or desertion. In other words, although [[conscription]] is not enforced, but those who deserted under the apartheid system or who failed to respond to call-ups couldcan still, technically, be prosecuted.
 
==Committee on South African War Resistance==
The [[Committee on South African War Resistance]] (COSAWR) was founded in [[1978]] by the merging of two groups of [[South AfricanAfrica]]n war resisters active in [[UK|Britain]]. A branch in the Netherlands was formed in 1979.<ref>{{cite thesis |degree=Masters |last1=Collins |first1=Brian F. |title=A history of the Committee on South African War Resistance (COSAWR) (1978-1990) |date=1995 |publisher=University of Cape Town |url=https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/21779}}</ref> It functionsfunctioned as a self-help organization for South African military [[refugees]]. It also, worked to raise the issue of [[militarism]] in South Africa and conducted research into the South African military structure and resistance. Its magazine ''Resister'' became the leading magazine on South Africa's militarisation. In [[1990]], when the sentencing of [[conscientious objectors]] (CO's) in South Africa changed considerably, themost majority of COSAWRmembers decided to return to South Africa.▼
{{main|Committee on South African War Resistance}}
 
▲The [[Committee on South African War Resistance]] (COSAWR) was founded in [[1978]] by the merging of two groups of [[South African]] war resisters active in [[Britain]]. It functions as a self-help organization for South African military [[refugees]]. It also worked to raise the issue of [[militarism]] in South Africa and conducted research into the South African military structure and resistance. Its magazine 'Resister' became the leading magazine on South Africa's militarisation. In [[1990]], when the sentencing of [[conscientious objectors]] (CO's) in South Africa changed considerably, the majority of COSAWR decided to return to South Africa.
 
==Conscientious Objector Support Group==
 
The [[Conscientious Objector Support Group]] (COSG), an umbrella organisation, was formed in 1978. In [[1982]] 263 CO's were, serving sentences in military detention [[barracks]] were being served by 263 conscientious objectors. In [[1983]], the Defence Act was amended, providingto provide for the first time a six-year substitute service outside the armed forces for CO'sconscientious objectors.
 
==Stop the War Committee==
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The [[Stop the War Committee]] was an [[anti-war]] organisation which opposed the [[Second Boer War]].
 
It was formed by [[William Thomas Stead]] in [[1899]].<ref>{{FactCite journal|last=Riedi|first=Eliza|date=February 20072013|title=The women pro-Boers: gender, peace and the critique of empire in the South African war|url=https://academic.oup.com/histres/article/86/231/92/5603471|journal=Historical Research|volume=86|issue=231|pages=92–115|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2281.2012.00612.x|via=Oxford Academic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The first Stop the War movement|url=https://martinplaut.com/2018/12/31/the-first-stop-the-war-movement/|date=2018-12-31|website=martinplaut|language=en|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> Its president was [[John Clifford (minister)|John Clifford]], and prominent members included [[David Lloyd George|Lloyd George]] and [[Keir Hardie]]. The group was generally seen as pro-[[Boer]].
 
==See also==
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*[[Military history of South Africa]]
*[[South African Border War]]
*[[List of anti-war organizations]]
*[[List of peace activists]]
 
▲{{Anti-war}}
{{Politics of South Africa navbox |state=expanded}}
{{Political history of South Africa}}
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060211074412/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/pr/1970s/pr791029.html "On War Resisters"], Statement by the National Executive of the African National Congress on "The South African Defence Force 'Deserters'", [[29 October]] [[1979]].
* [http://www.wri-irg.org/co/rtba/southafrica.htm Refusing to Bear Arms (South Africa)], A worldwide survey of conscription and conscientious objection to military service, [[10 August]] [[1998]].
 
[[Category:Anti-war movement]]▼
[[Category:Apartheid in South Africa]]
▲[[Category:Anti-war]]
[[Category:Conscientious objection]]
[[Category:PoliticsPolitical ofmovements in South Africa]]
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