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'''Software cracking''' (known as "breaking" mostly in the 1980s<ref name="kevelson198510">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/Ahoy_Issue_22_1985-10_Ion_International_US#page/n71/mode/2up |title=Isepic |work=Ahoy! |date=October 1985 |access-date=27 June 2014 |first=Morton |last=Kevelson |pages=71–73 |quote=The origin of the term probably lies in the activity burglars in the still of the night.}}</ref>) is an act of removing [[copy protection]] from a software.<ref name="Goode 2006"/> Software cracking contributes to the rise of [[online piracy]] where
A '''crack''' refers to the means of achieving, for example a stolen [[serial number]] or a tool that performs that act of cracking.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tulloch|first1=Mitch|title=Microsoft Encyclopedia of Security|date=2003|publisher=Microsoft Press|location=Redmond, Washington|isbn=0735618771|page=68|url=http://examples.oreilly.de/english_examples/9780735622180/cd_contents/Encyclopedia/EncySecur.pdf|access-date=July 20, 2014|archive-date=August 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810105820/http://examples.oreilly.de/english_examples/9780735622180/cd_contents/Encyclopedia/EncySecur.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some of these tools are called [[keygen]], [[Patch (computing)|patch]], [[Loader (computing)|loader]], or [[No-disc_crack| no-disc crack]]. A keygen is a handmade product serial number generator that often offers the ability to generate working serial numbers in your own name. A patch is a small computer program that modifies the machine code of another program. This has the advantage for a cracker to not include a large executable in a release when only a few bytes are changed.<ref name=Craig2005>{{cite book |last1=Craig |first1=Paul |last2=Ron |first2=Mark |editor1-first=Mark |editor1-last=Burnett |others=Publisher: Andrew Williams, Page Layout and Art: Patricia Lupien, Acquisitions Editor: Jaime Quigley, Copy Editor: Judy Eby, Technical Editor: Mark Burnett, Indexer: Nara Wood, Cover Designer: Michael Kavish |title=Software Piracy Exposed - Secrets from the Dark Side Revealed |date=April 2005 |publisher=Syngress Publishing |location=United States of America |isbn=1-932266-98-4 |doi=10.1016/B978-193226698-6/50029-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/softwarepiracyex0000crai/page/75 75–76] |chapter=Chapter 4: Crackers |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/softwarepiracyex0000crai/page/75 }}</ref> A loader modifies the startup flow of a program and does not remove the protection but circumvents it.<ref name="flt-flow" /><ref name="cbm-loaders">{{cite journal|author1=Shub-Nigurrath [ARTeam]|author2=ThunderPwr [ARTeam]|date=January 2006|title=Cracking with Loaders: Theory, General Approach, and a Framework|journal=CodeBreakers Magazine|publisher=Universitas-Virtualis Research Project|volume=1|issue=1|quote=A loader is a program able to load in memory and running another program.}}<!-- http://www.codebreakers-journal.com -->
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