Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
(4 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
Line 56:
The '''Salt Range''' ({{lang-pnb|{{nq|سلسلہ کوہ نمک}}}}) is a [[mountain range]] in the north of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]<ref name=eb>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Salt Range |volume=24 |page=94}}</ref> province of [[Pakistan]], deriving its name from its extensive deposits of [[rock salt]].<ref name=eb/><ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6118/ The Salt Range and Khewra Salt Mine] ''whc.unesco.org'', accessed 5 June 2023</ref> The range extends along the south of the [[Potohar Plateau]] and the north of the [[Jhelum River]]. The Salt Range contains the great mines of [[Khewra]], [[Kalabagh]] and [[Warcha]] which yield vast supplies of salt.<ref name=eb/> [[Coal]] of a medium quality is also found.<ref name=eb/> The Salt Range starts from the Bakralla and [[Tilla Jogian]] ridges in the east and extends to the west of River Jhelum.<ref name=WWF/>
In the Himalayan and Salt Range, rock containing fossil of marine life go back to the Ediacaran period (up to 570 million years ago), which shows these rocks have developed out of sea sediments, and that where
*[[Sakaser]] is the highest peak of the Salt Range.
*[[Namal Lake]], [[Khabikki Lake]] and [[Uchhali Lake]] are lakes in the Salt Range.
Line 68:
The [[Awan (tribe)|Awans]], [[Khokhar]]s, [[Gakhars]], and [[Janjua]]s had engaged in an endless battle for sovereignty over the Salt Range.
The history of this region (the Salt Range) from the thirteenth century onward had been a
According to the Emperor Babar, the Jude and the Janjua were "two races descended from the same father, "<ref>Autobiography translated by Erskine, p251</ref> who from old times had been rulers of the hills between Nilab and Bhera, that is, of the Salt Range. "On one-half of the hill lived the Jud, and on the other half the Janjua." The Awans now occupy western half of these hills towards Nilab and Janjuas (Rajputs) on eastern part of these Hills. Juds are actually a sub-clan of Janjuas and there are still 7 seven villages of Juds near Dhrabi
Also this area is known as the first ever Muslim Rajputs Kingdom and Raja Mal Dev Khan Janjua was the founder of this kingdom. He was from the Chandravanshi Rajput clan and was from the bloodline of famous Indian Mahabharata Warrior Prince Arjun Dev Pandav.
Line 83:
==Habitat==
The Salt Range has a high level of biodiversity and is home to a number of wildlife sanctuaries ([[Chumbi Surla Wildlife Sanctuary|ChumbiSurla]], Jahlar Lake, Sodhi, Khabekki Lake and KundalRakh) and protected areas, including the [[Chinji National Park]] and several forest (e.g. Simli Reserved Forest and Noorpur Reserved Forest) and wetland areas (including [[Uchhali Lake|Ucchali]], Jahlar and [[Khabikki Lake|Khabbiki]] lakes).<ref name=WWF>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwfpak.org/ecoregions/SaltRange.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522002221/http://www.wwfpak.org/ecoregions/SaltRange.php|title=The Salt Range (Khewra Salt Mine)|website=World Wildlife Fund - Pakistan|access-date=5 June 2023}}</ref>
== Geology ==
The Salt Range is the youngest and the most southern part of the western Himalayan Ranges in Pakistan. The range is unlike other Himalaya type thrusting due to the mechanical strength of the Eocambrian salt near the base of the sedimentary strata overlying Indian basement rock.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jaumé |first=Steven C. |last2=Lillie |first2=Robert J. |date=February 1988 |title=Mechanics of the Salt Range‐Potwar Plateau, Pakistan: A fold‐and‐thrust belt underlain by evaporites |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/TC007i001p00057 |journal=Tectonics |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=57–71 |doi=10.1029/TC007i001p00057 |issn=0278-7407}}</ref> The mechanical difference between the salt and other sedimentary rock that have collided elsewhere in the greater Himalaya mountain range is that salt acts like a lubricant, not allowing friction between thrust sheets to build up higher topography. Instead, the thrust sheets slide easy on the salt and do not build high topographic relief. This is also why the Salt Range is further south and appears separated from the rest of the greater Himalaya thrust sheets.
The Eocambrian salt in the Salt Range has been moved on the base of thrust sheets and has high flow characteristics. The salt flowed until it hit an obstruction in the basement rock. Seismic data of the area has been interpreted to suggest that normal faults in the basement rock acted as an obstruction for the salt to pile up against, building higher and higher topography until the salt overcame the obstruction at depth.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=Dan M. |last2=Lillie |first2=Robert J. |last3=Yeats |first3=Robert S. |last4=Johnson |first4=Gary D. |last5=Yousuf |first5=Mohammad |last6=Zamin |first6=Agha Sher Hamid |date=1988 |title=Development of the Himalayan frontal thrust zone: Salt Range, Pakistan |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/article/16/1/3-7/204533 |journal=Geology |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=3 |doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0003:DOTHFT>2.3.CO;2 |issn=0091-7613}}</ref> The salt then flowed and bulged through the overlying strata, intruding Cambrian aged salt on top of Cenozoic strata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grelaud |first=Sylvain |last2=Sassi |first2=William |last3=de Lamotte |first3=Dominique Frizon |last4=Jaswal |first4=Tariq |last5=Roure |first5=François |date=2002-11-01 |title=Kinematics of eastern Salt Range and South Potwar Basin (Pakistan): a new scenario |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817202001216 |journal=Marine and Petroleum Geology |volume=19 |issue=9 |pages=1127–1139 |doi=10.1016/S0264-8172(02)00121-6 |issn=0264-8172}}</ref>
==See also==
Line 99 ⟶ 104:
[[Category:Geography of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Punjab (Pakistan)]]
[[Category:Regions of Punjab, Pakistan]]
|