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included a paragraph about sexuality and homophobia. |
an inclusion about difference in feminism theory with mentions of Audre Lorde |
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Missing from the narrative told about Second-wave feminism is the experiences of black and other women of color as well as women in the working class as the movement is typically centered around the sexism encountered by white middle, upper class women. It also centered feminism around the United States and also neglected the works of white anti-racist feminism. While the term "[[intersectionality]]" was not coined until 1989 by [[Kimberlé Crenshaw]] after the end of the second wave, women of color were writing, and creating feminist political activist groups throughout the entire movement and especially in the 1970s.<ref>{{Citation |last=Thompson |first=Becky |title=2. Multiracial Feminism: Recasting the Chronology of Second Wave Feminism |date=2019-12-31 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9780813549170-004 |work=No Permanent Waves |pages=39–60 |access-date=2023-05-18 |publisher=Rutgers University Press}}</ref>
The use of difference is something that was explored towards the end of the second wave feminism movement since the voices of white feminists dominated the narrative. The ideals of [[Liberal feminism]] worked towards women’s equality with that of men because women and men have the same intrinsic capabilities and that society has socialized certain skills out.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Evans |first=Judith |title=Feminist Theory Today: An Introduction to Second-Wave Feminism |publisher=Sage Publications |year=1995 |isbn=13 978-0-8039-8478-3 |location=London |pages=13 |language=English}}</ref> This elimination of difference works to erase sexism by working within a pre existing system of oppression rather than challenging the system itself. Working towards equality preserves a system by giving everyone the same opportunities regardless of their privilege whereas the framework of equity would address problems in society and find solutions to target the problem at hand.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juda |first=Edyta |date=2020-11-05 |title=Equity vs. Equality: What’s the Difference? |url=https://onlinepublichealth.gwu.edu/resources/equity-vs-equality/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=GW-UMT |language=en-US}}</ref>
The term "second-wave feminism" itself was brought into common parlance by journalist Martha Lear in a ''[[New York Times Magazine]]'' article in March 1968 titled "The Second Feminist Wave: What do These Women Want?".<ref name=lear>{{Cite news|url=https://nyti.ms/2h6kh3X|title=The Second Feminist Wave: What do these women want?|last=Lear|first=Martha Weinman|date=March 10, 1968|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-06-25|language=en}}</ref> She wrote, "Proponents call it the Second Feminist Wave, the first having ebbed after the glorious victory of [[Women's suffrage in the United States|suffrage]] and disappeared, finally, into the great sandbar of Togetherness."<ref name=lear />{{rp|323}}▼
A general critique of the second wave was that it ignored differences in women and did not take into account how for example a black woman of color would experience differently from a white woman even if they are both women grappling with sexism in a patriarchal society.<ref name=":5" /> Writers like [[Audre Lorde]] think critically about how attempts to homogenize “sisterhood” will neglect all the factors of one’s identity such as race, sexuality, age, and class.<ref>Lorde, Audre. 2000. "Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Women." Pp. 288-293 in Wendy Komar and Frances Bartkowski, eds., Feminist Theory: A Reader. Mountain View, California: Mayfield.</ref>
The term wave helped link the generation of suffragettes who fought for legal rights to the feminists of the 60s and 70s. It is now used to distinguish the different priorities in feminism throughout the years but for an overarching fight for equity and equality as a way of understanding its history. This metaphor however is also critiqued by feminists as it generalizes the contradictions within the movement and the different beliefs that feminists hold.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |date=2018-03-20 |title=The waves of feminism, and why people keep fighting over them, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/3/20/16955588/feminism-waves-explained-first-second-third-fourth |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> Many scholars believe that the start of [[Third-wave feminism|third wave feminism]] was in due to the problems of the second wave rather than just a movement following.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mann |first=Susan Archer |last2=Huffman |first2=Douglas J. |date=2005 |title=The Decentering of Second Wave Feminism and the Rise of the Third Wave |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40404229 |journal=Science & Society |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=56–91 |issn=0036-8237}}</ref>▼
▲The term "second-wave feminism" itself was brought into common parlance by journalist Martha Lear in a ''[[New York Times Magazine]]'' article in March 1968 titled "The Second Feminist Wave: What do These Women Want?".<ref name="lear">{{Cite news|url=https://nyti.ms/2h6kh3X|title=The Second Feminist Wave: What do these women want?|last=Lear|first=Martha Weinman|date=March 10, 1968|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-06-25|language=en}}</ref> She wrote, "Proponents call it the Second Feminist Wave, the first having ebbed after the glorious victory of [[Women's suffrage in the United States|suffrage]] and disappeared, finally, into the great sandbar of Togetherness."<ref name="lear" />{{rp|323}}
▲The term wave helped link the generation of suffragettes who fought for legal rights to the feminists of the 60s and 70s. It is now used to distinguish the different priorities in feminism throughout the years but for an overarching fight for equity and equality as a way of understanding its history. This metaphor however is also critiqued by feminists as it generalizes the contradictions within the movement and the different beliefs that feminists hold.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grady |first=Constance |date=2018-03-20 |title=The waves of feminism, and why people keep fighting over them, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/3/20/16955588/feminism-waves-explained-first-second-third-fourth |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> Many scholars believe that the start of [[Third-wave feminism|third wave feminism]] was in due to the problems of the second wave rather than just a movement following.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Mann |first=Susan Archer |last2=Huffman |first2=Douglas J. |date=2005 |title=The Decentering of Second Wave Feminism and the Rise of the Third Wave |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40404229 |journal=Science & Society |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=56–91 |issn=0036-8237}}</ref>
Many historians view the second-wave feminist era in America as ending in the early 1980s with the intra-feminism disputes of the [[feminist sex wars]] over issues such as [[Feminist views on sexuality|sexuality]] and [[Feminist views on pornography|pornography]], which ushered in the era of [[third-wave feminism]] in the early 1990s.<ref name="end">As noted in:
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