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Reverting edit(s) by Sunnyediting99 (talk) to rev. 1231477209 by HapHaxion: Reverting good faith edits: the issue is its location in the "native name" parameter imo. the hangul should be somewhere, but should it be here? discuss on the talk page (UV 0.1.5) |
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{{Short description|Korean kingdom (57 BCE – 935 CE)}}
{{For|the district in Fujian Province, China|Xinluo, Longyan}}
{{Other uses}}
{{
{{Infobox country
| native_name = {{lang|ko-Hant|新羅}} ([[Hanja]])<!--<br />{{lang|ko|신라}} ([[Hangul]])--><hr />{{lang|ko-Hant|徐羅伐}} ([[Old Korean]])<br>{{small|[[Yale Romanization of Korean|Yale]]: ''Syerapel'' ([[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]]: Seorabeol)}}<br>{{small|Pronunciation: [sʌɾabʌɭ]}}<br>{{small|Phonetic Hangul: [서라벌]}}<hr />{{lang|ko-Hant|斯羅火}} ([[Old Korean]])<br>{{small|''Sïrapïr''}}
| conventional_long_name = Silla
| common_name = Silla
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| capital = [[History of Gyeongju#Silla period|Seorabeol]]{{efn|Other name(s): Geumseong ({{Korean|금성|金城|labels=no}}), Saro ({{Korean|사로|斯盧|labels=no}}), Sara ({{Korean|사라|斯羅|labels=no}}), Seonabeol ({{Korean|서나벌|徐那伐|labels=no}}), Seoyabeol ({{Korean|서야벌|徐耶伐|labels=no}}), Seobeol ({{Korean|서벌|徐伐|labels=no}}), Wanggyeong ({{Korean|왕경|王京|labels=no}})}}{{efn|With the multiple capitals system; a Supreme capital with one to four secondary capitals (514-c.900)}}
| common_languages = [[Old Korean]],<br/>[[Classical Chinese]], <small>(literary)</small>{{sfn|Lee|1984|pp=83–84}}
| religion = * [[Korean Shamanism|Korean ethnic folk religion/Shamanism]]
* [[Korean Buddhism|Buddhism]] (State and official religion 527 CE – 935 CE)<ref name=camb1>Lee Injae, Owen Miller, Park Jinhoon, Yi Hyun-Hae, 2014, Korean History in Maps, Cambridge University Press, pp. 44–49, 52–60.</ref><br/> * Other religions: [[Korean Confucianism|Confucianism]] | population =
| stat_year1 = 200
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| today = [[North Korea]]<br>[[South Korea]]
}}
{{Infobox Korean name
|hangul = 신라
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|mr = Shilla
}}
{{History of Korea}}
{{Silla monarchs 1}}
{{Silla monarchs 2}}
'''Silla''' (<!--{{Korean|[[wikt:신라|신라]]}}; -->{{IPA-ko|ɕiɭ.ɭa}}; [[Old Korean]]: [[wiktionary:徐羅伐#Old_Korean|徐羅伐]] Syerapel, {{lang|oko|斯羅火}} Sïrapïr;<ref>{{cite book | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=U_V5DwAAQBAJ&dq=silla+siraki&pg=PA43 | title=Man'yōshū (Book 15): A New Translation Containing the Original Text, Kana Transliteration, Romanization, Glossing and Commentary | date=August 2009 | publisher=Global Oriental | isbn=978-900421299-2 }}</ref> [[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]]: ''Seorabeol''; [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: {{IPA-ko|sʌɾabʌɭ}}), was a Korean kingdom that existed between 57 BCE<ref>57 BCE according to the ''[[Samguk Sagi]]''; however Seth 2010 notes that "these dates are dutifully given in many textbooks and published materials in Korea today, but their basis is in myth; only Goguryeo may be traced back to a time period that is anywhere near its legendary founding."</ref> – 935 CE and located on the southern and central parts of the [[Korea|Korean Peninsula]]. Silla, along with [[Baekje]] and [[Goguryeo]], formed the [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]]. Silla had the lowest population of approximately 850,000 people (170,000 households), which was significantly smaller than those of [[Baekje]] (3,800,000 people) and [[Goguryeo]] (3,500,000 people).<ref name="Chosun Education)">{{cite web |url=https://edu.chosun.com/m/view.html?contid=2016121300780 |author = Chosun Education |title = [ 기획 ] 역사로 살펴본 한반도 인구 추이|year = 2016}}</ref>
Its foundation can be traced back to the semi-mythological figure of [[Hyeokgeose of Silla]] (Old Korean: *pulkunwuri, "light of the world"), of the [[Park (Korean surname)|Park clan]]. The country was first ruled intermittently by the [[Miryang Park clan]] for 232 years and the [[Seok (Korean surname)#Wolseong|Wolseong Seok]] clan for 172 years and beginning with the reign of [[Michu of Silla|Michu Isageum]] the [[Gyeongju Kim clan]] for 586 years. Park, Seok and Kim have no contemporary attestations and went by the Old Korean names of 居西干 ''Geoseogan'' (1st century BCE), 次次雄 ''Chachaung'' (1st century CE), 泥師今 ''Isageum'' (Old Korean: *nisokum)<ref>{{Citation |title=임금 |date=2023-08-04 |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%84%EA%B8%88&oldid=75541684 |work=Wiktionary, the free dictionary |access-date=2023-12-14 |language=en}}</ref> and 麻立干 ''Maripkan'' (5th-6th century)<ref>{{Citation |title=마립간 |date=2023-10-08 |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%BD%EA%B0%84&oldid=76293153 |work=Wiktionary, the free dictionary |access-date=2023-12-14 |language=en}}</ref> instead. It began as a [[chiefdom]] in the [[Jinhan confederacy|Jinhan]] confederacy, part of the [[Samhan]] and after consolidating its power in the immediate area, conquered the Gaya confederacy. Eventually allying with [[Sui dynasty|Sui China]] and then [[Tang dynasty|Tang China]], it eventually conquered the other two kingdoms, [[Baekje]] in 660 and [[Goguryeo]] in 668. Thereafter, [[Unified Silla]] occupied most of the [[Korea|Korean Peninsula]], while the northern part re-emerged as [[Balhae]], a successor-state of [[Goguryeo]]. After nearly 1,000 years of rule, Silla fragmented into the brief [[Later Three Kingdoms]] of Silla, [[Later Baekje]], and [[Taebong]], handing over power to [[Goryeo]] in 935.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.shilla.or.kr/shilla_culture/ |title=사단법인 신라문화진흥원 – 신라의 역사와 문화 |access-date=2008-03-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080321070426/http://www.shilla.or.kr/shilla_culture/ |archive-date=2008-03-21 }} Retrieved on 2008-03-08</ref>
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An ancient Persian epic poem, the Kushnameh, contains detailed descriptions of Silla.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mei.edu/content/1500-years-contact-between-korea-and-middle-east|title=1,500 Years of Contact between Korea and the Middle East|work=Middle East Institute|access-date=2017-04-13|language=en|archive-date=2017-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319190534/http://www.mei.edu/content/1500-years-contact-between-korea-and-middle-east|url-status=live}}</ref> Former South Korean president [[Park Geun-hye]] said during a festival celebrating Iran and Korea's 1,500 years of shared cultural ties, "The Kushnameh, that tells of a Persian prince who went to Silla in the seventh century and got married with a Korean princess, thus forming a royal marriage.”<ref name="Cultural ties put Iran, S Korea closer than ever for cooperation - Tehran Times">{{Cite news|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/301161/Cultural-ties-put-Iran-S-Korea-closer-than-ever-for-cooperation|title=Cultural ties put Iran, S Korea closer than ever for cooperation|date=2016-05-05|work=Tehran Times|access-date=2017-04-13|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413071519/http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/301161/Cultural-ties-put-Iran-S-Korea-closer-than-ever-for-cooperation|url-status=live}}</ref>
Silla was also a place of interest by the Japanese as the [[Nihon Shoki]] and the [[Kojiki]] both claim that the Japanese god, [[Susanoo]] (brother of [[Amaterasu]]) first emerged from the kingdom of Silla after being banished from the heavens, but soon left the peninsula for the [[Japanese archipelago]] after being dissatisfied with the land. He was also used as a means of spreading propaganda through [[Nissen dōsoron]] that Susanoo once reigned over Silla and that the modern Koreans are his descendants (in turn the Japanese), ultimately using him to justify the [[Japanese occupation of Korea]].
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