Content deleted Content added
Mupper-san (talk | contribs) No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit Android app edit |
Marcocapelle (talk | contribs) →External links: Removed history categories, this is a geography article Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
| (46 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Slonim
|native_name = {{native name|be|Слонім}}<br />{{native name|ru|Слоним}}
|settlement_type = [[List of cities and largest towns in Belarus|Town]]
▲|other_name = Слоним
|image_skyline = St Andrew's Church, Slonim.jpg
|image_caption = [[St Andrew's Church, Slonim|St Andrew's Church]]
|imagesize = 250px
|image_flag = Flag of Słonim.svg
|image_shield = Coat of Arms of Słonim, Belarus.svg
|flag_size = 150
|shield_size = 75
|image_map =
|pushpin_map = Belarus
|map_caption = Location of Slonim, shown within
| subdivision_type
| subdivision_name
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Belarus|Region]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]▼
| subdivision_name1 = [[Grodno Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Belarus|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Slonim District]]
|leader_name = Aleh Tarhonsky
|established_title = Founded
|established_date =
|established_title2 = Town rights
|established_date2 = 1532
Line 26 ⟶ 32:
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|population_as_of =
|population_footnotes = <ref name="pop">{{cite web|url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_89355/|title=Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402055418/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_89355/|archive-date=2 April 2024|website=belsat.gov.by|access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref>
|population_total =
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone = [[
|utc_offset = +
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates = {{coord|53|05|N|25|19|E|region:BY|display=inline}}
|elevation_m = 156
Line 46 ⟶ 52:
}}
'''Slonim''' ({{lang-be|
==Etymology and historical names==
Slonim has been known by several versions of its name as spoken by speakers of various languages: Сло́нім ([[Belarusian language| Belarusian]]), Słonim ([[Polish language |Polish]]), Сло́ним ([[Russian language |Russian]]). Slonim was first mentioned by scribes in chronicles in 1252 as ''Uslonim'' and in 1255 as ''Vslonim''. According to one
{{lang-ru | заслон}}; {{lang-pl | zasłona}} </ref>), implying that the city ==History==
[[File:1501._Roman_Catholic_churches_within_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania,_where_the_priests_must_know_the_Lithuanian_language.svg|left|thumb|300x300px|Slonim was the location of one of many Roman [[Catholic churches]] where the priests had to know the [[Lithuanian language]] according to the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] [[Alexander Jagiellon]] in 1501]]
===Middle Ages===▼
▲=== Middle Ages ===
The earliest record is of a wooden fort on the left bank of the [[Shchara River|Shchara river]] in the 11th century, although there may have been earlier settlement.
The area was disputed between the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] and [[Kievan Rus']] in early history and it changed hands several times. In 1040, the Kievans won control of the area after a battle but lost Slonim to the Lithuanians in 1103. The [[Ruthenians]] retook the area early in the 13th century but were expelled by a [[Tatars|Tatar]] invasion in 1241 and the town was pillaged. When, later in the year, the Tatars withdrew, Slonim became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania once again, in [[Polish–Lithuanian union|personal union]] with the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]] after the [[Union of Krewo]] of 1385.
===Early modern period===
In 1532 King [[Sigismund I of Poland]] granted Slonim [[town rights]].<ref>[[Wanda Rewieńska]], ''Miasta i miasteczka magdeburskie w woj. wileńskim i nowogródzkim'', Lida, 1938, p. 11 (in Polish)</ref> In 1558, King [[Sigismund II Augustus]], in a privilege issued in [[Vilnius|Wilno]] (now Vilnius), established two two-week [[fair]]s.
In 1569, the [[Polish–Lithuanian union]] was transformed into a single state and Słonim became an important regional centre within the newly established [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. Administratively it was part of the [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507–1795)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]]. Thanks to the efforts of nobleman, statesman and Słonim [[starost]] [[Lew Sapieha]], King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] renewed the town rights of Słonim and granted the city coat of arms,<ref name=HI>{{cite web|url=https://historykon.pl/nowe/pomnik-sapiehy-stanal-w-slonimie|title=Pomnik Sapiehy stanął w Słonimie|website=Historykon|access-date=September 30, 2019|language=pl}}</ref> which included the [[Lis coat of arms]] of Sapieha. Also thanks to Lew Sapieha, from 1631 to 1685 the city flourished as the seat of the Lithuanian [[diet (assembly)|diet]].<ref name=HI/>
[[File:Słonim, Opernaja. Слонім, Опэрная (1800).jpg|thumb|The Ogiński Theater around 1800]]
The wars had damaged Slonim, but in the 18th century, a local
===Late modern period===
[[Image:Słonim, Rynak, Bernardynski. Слонім, Рынак, Бэрнардынскі (1930-39).jpg|thumb|left|Polish Słonim in the 1930s, market at Bernardyńska Street before [[World War II]]]]
The [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] was dismantled in [[Partitions of Poland|a series of three "partitions"]] in the second half of the 18th century and divided among its neighbours, [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], [[Habsburg
[[File:Słonim, Bernardynskaja. Слонім, Бэрнардынская (V. Pikiel, 1931).jpg|thumb|Pre-war Polish county office]]
Russian control lasted until 1915, when the German army captured the town. After the [[First World War]], the Slonim area was disputed between the [[Soviet Union]] and the newly recreated state of [[Poland]]. The town suffered badly in the [[Polish-Soviet war of 1920]]. It was ceded by the Bolsheviks to Poland in the 1921 [[Peace of Riga]] and became a part of [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–39)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]] of the [[Second Polish Republic]].
Line 75 ⟶ 84:
===World War II and the post-war period===
[[File:אנדרטת סלונים.jpg|thumb|A monument in memory of the Jews of Slonim who were murdered in the Holocaust. In [[Kiryat Shaul cemetery]] in [[Tel Aviv]]]]
{{main|Słonim Ghetto}}
[[File:Słonim Ghetto burning (1942-06-29).jpg|thumb|[[Słonim Ghetto]] burning in 1942 during the Jewish revolt during German [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupation of Poland]]]]
Line 101 ⟶ 111:
| date = 30 November 2008
| url = http://www.gs.by/ru/48/510/
| access-date = 24 October 2009
| archive-date = 23 March 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160323162209/http://www.gs.by/ru/48/510
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
An earlier ''Gazeta Slonimskaya'' was originally published in 1938 and 1939, at that time in [[Polish language|Polish]].<ref>{{Cite web
Line 127 ⟶ 141:
* [[Convent]] of the [[Benedictine]]s
* [[Chapel]] of [[St. Dominick]]
* [[
* Catholic church of the [[Immaculate Conception]] of Blessed [[Virgin Mary]] and the convent of [[Cistercians|Bernardine]]
* Orthodox church of [[Transfiguration of Jesus|Transfiguration]] (former Catholic church), Baroque, dating back to the 17th century
Line 137 ⟶ 151:
== Notable residents ==
* [[Samuel Hirszhorn]] (1876–1942), Polish-Jewish writer, journalist, and politician, born in Slonim
* [[Michael Marks]] (June 1859, Slonim – 31 December 1907, [[Salford]]), businessman and entrepreneur, one of the co-founder of the British retail chain [[Marks & Spencer]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Michael Marks|url=https://spartacus-educational.com/BUmarks.htm|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Spartacus Educational|language=en}}</ref>▼
* [[Haim Lensky]] (1905-1943), Russian-Jewish poet<ref name="Lapidus">{{cite book|last=Lapidus|first=Rina|others=Jonathan Chipman (trans.)|title=Between Snow and Desert Heat: Russian Influences on Hebrew Literature, 1870–1970|publisher=Hebrew Union College Press|location=Cincinnati|year=2003|pages=95|isbn=0-87820-451-2}}</ref>
▲* [[Michael Marks]] (June 1859, Slonim – 31 December 1907, [[Salford]]), Jewish businessman and entrepreneur,
* [[Miriam Raskin]] (1889-1973), Yiddish writer, born in Slonim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yaros |first=Laura |date=February 27, 2009 |title=Miriam Raskin |url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/raskin-miriam |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. |language=en}}</ref>
==See also==
Line 155 ⟶ 172:
* {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|1949716|Slonim, Belarus}}
{{coord|53|05|N|25|19|E|region:BY_type:city|display=title}}
{{Grodno Region}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Slonim| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Belarus]]▼
[[Category:Populated places in Grodno Region]]
[[Category:Slonim District]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Belarus]]
| |||