Steve Jobs: Difference between revisions

| birth_place = [[San Francisco]], California,<!-- Do not link this. [[MOS:OVERLINK]] --> USU.S.

| death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|10|505|1955|202|24}}

| death_place = [[Palo Alto, California]], USU.S.

| education = [[Reed College]] (attendedno degree)

Jobs saw the commercial potential of the [[Xerox Alto]] in 1979, which was [[computer mouse|mouse]]-driven and had a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI). This led to the development of the unsuccessful [[Apple Lisa]] in 1983, followed by [[Macintosh 128K|the breakthrough Macintosh]] in 1984, the first mass-produced computer with a GUI. The Macintosh launched the [[desktop publishing]] industry in 1985 (for example, the [[Aldus Pagemaker]]) with the addition of the Apple [[LaserWriter]], the first [[laser printer]] to feature [[vector graphics]] and [[PostScript]].

In 1985, Jobs departed Apple after a long power struggle with the company's board and its then-CEO, [[John Sculley]]. That same year, Jobs took some Apple employees with him to found NeXT, a [[computer platform]] development company that specialized in computers for higher-education and business markets, serving as its CEO. In 1986, he helped develop the [[visual effects]] industry by funding the computer graphics division of [[Lucasfilm]] that eventually spun off independently as Pixar, which produced the first 3D [[computer-animated]] feature film ''[[Toy Story]]'' (1995) and became a leading [[animation studio]], producing [[List of Pixar films|over 2728 films]] since.

In 1997, Jobs returned to Apple as CEO after the company's acquisition of NeXT. He was largely responsible for reviving Apple, which was on the verge of bankruptcy. He worked closely with British designer [[Jony Ive]] to develop a line of products and services that had larger cultural ramifications, beginning with the "[[Think different]]" advertising campaign, and leading to the [[iMac]], [[iTunes]], [[Mac OS X 10.0|Mac OS X]], [[Apple Store]], [[iPod]], [[iTunes Store]], [[iPhone]], [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]], and [[iPad]]. Jobs was also a board member at [[Gap Inc.]] from 1999 to 2002.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2002-10-05/article/15120 |title=Steve Jobs resigns from Gap's board |last=Liedtke, Michael |date=October 5, 2002 |work=The Berkeley Daily Planet |access-date=December 23, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114034440/http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2002-10-05/article/15120 |archive-date=November 14, 2012 }}</ref> In 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with a [[pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor]]. He died of tumor-related [[respiratory arrest]] related to the tumor in 2011; in 2022, he was posthumously awarded the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]. Since his death, he has won 141 patents; Jobs holds over 450 patents in total.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2014/11/27/170289/steve-jobs-lives-on-at-the-patent-office/ |title=Steve Jobs Still Wins Plenty of Patents – MIT Technology Review |website=MIT Technology Review |access-date=June 20, 2022 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120034224/https://www.technologyreview.com/2014/11/27/170289/steve-jobs-lives-on-at-the-patent-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Steven Paul Jobs was born in [[San Francisco, California]], on February 24, 1955, to Joanne Carole Schieble and Abdulfattah "John" Jandali ({{Lang-Langx|ar|عبد الفتاح الجندلي}}). Abdulfattah Jandali was born in a [[Muslim]] household to wealthy [[Syrians|Syrian]] parents, the youngest of nine siblings. After obtaining his undergraduate degree at the [[American University of Beirut]], Jandali pursued a PhD in [[political science]] at the [[University of Wisconsin]]. There, he met Joanne Schieble, an American Catholic of [[Swiss people#Ethno-linguistic composition|Swiss-German descent]] whose parents owned a [[mink farm]] and real estate in [[Green Bay, Wisconsin|Green Bay]]. The two fell in love but faced opposition from Schieble's father due to Jandali's Muslim faith. When Schieble became pregnant, she arranged for a [[closed adoption]], and travelled to San Francisco to give birth.{{Sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=1-4}}

Schieble requested that her son be adopted by college graduates. A lawyer and his wife were selected, but they withdrew after discovering that the baby was a boy, so Jobs was instead adopted by Paul Reinhold and Clara (née Hagopian) Jobs. Paul Jobs, an American of German descent, was the son of a dairy farmer from [[Washington County, Wisconsin]]. After dropping out of high school, he worked as a [[mechanic]], then joined the [[United States Coast Guard|US Coast Guard]]. When his ship was decommissioned at San Francisco, he bet he could find a wife within two weeks. He then met Clara Hagopian, an American of [[Armenians|Armenian]] descent, and the two were engaged ten days later, in March 1946, and married that same year. The couple moved to Wisconsin, then Indiana, where Paul Jobs worked as a [[machinist]] and later as a car salesman. Since Clara missed [[San Francisco]], she convinced Paul to move back. There, Paul worked as a [[repossession]] agent, and Clara became a [[Bookkeeping|bookkeeper]]. In 1955, after having an [[ectopic pregnancy]], the couple looked to adopt a child.{{Sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=1-4}} Since they lacked a college education, Schieble initially refused to sign the adoption papers, and went to court to request that her son be removed from the Jobs household and placed with a different family, but changed her mind after Paul and Clara promised to pay for their son's college tuition.{{Sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=1-4}}{{Sfn|Brennan|2013|p=15}}

Paul Jobs worked in several jobs that included a try as a machinist,<ref>{{cite book|title=Steve Jobs: Thinks Different|page=8|isbn=978-0761-31393-9|first=Ann|last=Brashares|year=2001|publisher=Lerner Publishing|quote="worked as a machinist"}}</ref> several other jobs,<ref>{{cite book|isbn=0-385-48684-7|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/malone-loop.html|title=Infinite Loop: How the World's Most Insanely Great Computer Company Went Insane|first=Michael S.|last=Malone|year=1999|publisher=Currency/Doubleday|access-date=May 22, 2020|archive-date=August 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807182330/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/malone-loop.html|url-status=live|quote="struggling as a machinist and then a used-car salesman .. finance company .. earned his realtor's license. [but] downward spiral"}}</ref> and then "back to work as a machinist". Paul and Clara adopted Jobs's sister Patricia in 1957,{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=5}} and by 1959 the family had moved to the [[Monta Loma, Mountain View|Monta Loma]] neighborhood in [[Mountain View, California]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mv-voice.com/news/2011/10/07/steve-jobs-called-mountain-view-home-as-a-child|title=Steve Jobs called Mountain View home as a child|last=DeBolt|first=Daniel|date=October 7, 2011|website=Mountain View Voice|access-date=January 22, 2020|quote=Hatt remembers Jobs attending Monta Loma elementary school and according to county property records, the Jobs family owned a house at 286 Diablo Avenue from 1959 to 1967.|archive-date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204124324/https://www.mv-voice.com/news/2011/10/07/steve-jobs-called-mountain-view-home-as-a-child|url-status=live}}</ref> Paul built a workbench in his garage for his son in order to "pass along his love of mechanics". Jobs, meanwhile, admired his father's craftsmanship "because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it. When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him ... I wasn't that into fixing cars ... but I was eager to hang out with my dad."{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=5–6}} By the time he was ten, Jobs was deeply involved in electronics and befriended many of the engineers who lived in the neighborhood.<ref name=journeyisreward/> He had difficulty making friends with children his own age, however, and was seen by his classmates as a "loner".<ref name=journeyisreward/>

Jobs had difficulty functioning in a traditional classroom, tended to resist authority figures, frequently misbehaved, and was suspended a few times. ClaraHe hadfrequently taughtplayed himpranks toon readothers asat aMonta toddler,Loma andElementary JobsSchool statedin thatMountain heView. wasHis "prettyfather boredPaul in(who schoolwas andabused [had] turned intoas a littlechild) terror...never youreprimanded shouldhim, havehowever, seenand usinstead inblamed the thirdschool grade,for wenot basicallychallenging destroyedhis thebrilliant teacher"son.<ref name{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=journeyisreward/>12–13}} HeJobs frequentlyskipped playedthe pranks5th ongrade othersand attransferred Montato Lomathe Elementary6th grade at Crittenden Middle School in Mountain View., Hiswhere fatherhe Paulbecame (whoa was"socially abusedawkward asloner".{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=13}} aJobs child)was neveroften reprimanded"bullied" him,at howeverCrittenden Middle, and instead blamedin the schoolmiddle forof not7th challenginggrade, he gave his brilliantparents sonan ultimatum: either they would take him out of Crittenden or he would drop out of school.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=12–1313–14}}

The location of the Los Altos home meant that Jobs would be able to attend nearby [[Homestead High School (Cupertino, California)|Homestead High School]], which had strong ties to [[Silicon Valley]].{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=16}} He began his first year there in late 1968 along with [[Bill Fernandez]],<ref name=journeyisreward"Hiner">{{cite web|url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/apples-first-employee-the-remarkable-odyssey-of-bill-fernandez/|title=Apple's first employee: The remarkable odyssey of Bill Fernandez|author=Jason Hiner|date=December 5, 2014|work=TechRepublic}}</ref> who introduced Jobs to Steve Wozniak, and would become Apple's first employee. Neither Jobs nor Fernandez (whose father was a lawyer) came from engineering households and thus decided to enroll in John McCollum's Electronics I class.<ref name="journeyisrewardHiner" /> Jobs had grown his hair long and become involved in the growing counterculture, and the rebellious youth eventually clashed with McCollum and lost interest in the class.<ref name=journeyisreward"Hiner"/>

Jobs underwent a change during mid-1970: "I got stoned for the first time; I discovered Shakespeare, [[Dylan Thomas]], and all that classic stuff. I read ''[[Moby Dick]]'' and went back as a junior taking creative writing classes."<ref name=journeyisreward/> JobsHe later noted to his official biographer that "I started to listen to music a whole lot, and I started to read more outside of just science and technology — [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], [[Plato]]. I loved ''[[King Lear]]'' ... when I was a senior I had this phenomenal [[AP English Literature and Composition|AP English class]]. The teacher was this guy who looked like [[Ernest Hemingway]]. He took a bunch of us snowshoeing in Yosemite." During his last two years at Homestead High, Jobs developed two different interests: electronics and literature.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=19}} These dual interests were particularly reflected during Jobs's senior year, as his best friends were Wozniak and his first girlfriend, the artistic Homestead junior [[Chrisann Brennan]].{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=21–32}}

{{quote box|width=25em|align=right|quote=I was interested in [[Counterculture of the 1960s#Religion, spirituality and the occult|Eastern mysticism]] which hit the shores about then. At [[Reed College|Reed]] there was a constant flow of people stopping by – from [[Timothy Leary]] and [[Richard Alpert]], to [[Gary Snyder]]. There was a constant flow of intellectual questioning about the truth of life. That was the time when every college student in the country read ''[[Be Here Now (book)|Be Here Now]]'' and ''[[Diet for a Small Planet]]''.|source=—Steve Jobs<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/11/playboy-releases-1985-interview-with-29-year-old-steve-jobs/66833/ The Atlantic: "Playboy Releases 1985 Interview With 29-Year-Old Steve Jobs"] November 19, name=journeyisreward2010</ref>}}

{{quote box|width=25em|align=right|quote=I was lucky to get into computers when it was a very young and idealistic industry. There weren't many degrees offered in computer science, so people in computers were brilliant people from mathematics, physics, music, zoology, whatever. They loved it, and no one was really in it for the money [...] There are people around here who start companies just to make money, but the great companies, well, that's not what they're about.|source=—Steve Jobs<ref>{{Cite web |url=httphttps://archivemoney.fortunecnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1998/11/09/250880/index.htm |title=The Three Faces of Steve in this exclusive, personal conversation, Apple's CEO reflects on the turnaround, and on how a wunderkind became an old pro. |last=Schlender |first=Brent |date=November 9, 1998 |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date=June 27, 2015 |archive-date=April 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408150120/http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1998/11/09/250880/index.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>}}

Jobs traveled to India in mid-1974<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-25/news/30320340_1_delhi-belly-intuition-indian-villages |title=What really shaped Steve Jobs's view of India – Realms of intuition or the pains of Delhi belly? |date=September 25, 2011 |work=Economic Times |access-date=October 27, 2011 |url-status=livedead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430234032/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-25/news/30320340_1_delhi-belly-intuition-indian-villages |archive-date=April 30, 2012 |location=India }}</ref> to visit [[Neem Karoli Baba]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.repubblica.it/2008/06/sezioni/scienza_e_tecnologia/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley.html |title=Il santone della Silicon Valley che ha conquistato i tecno-boss |date=June 9, 2008 |publisher=Repubblica.it |language=it |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508204520/http://www.repubblica.it/2008/06/sezioni/scienza_e_tecnologia/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley.html |archive-date=May 8, 2012 |access-date=August 30, 2011}}</ref> at his Kainchi [[ashram]] with his Reed College friend and eventual Apple employee [[Daniel Kottke]], searching for spiritual teachings. When they got to the Neem Karoli ashram, it was almost deserted because Neem Karoli Baba had died in September 1973. Then they made a long trek up a dry riverbed to an ashram of [[Haidakhan Babaji]].<ref name="intoday1" />

After seven months, Jobs left [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/wandering-india-steve-jobs-learned-intuition-123904237.html |title=Wandering in India for 7 months: Steve Jobs |date=October 24, 2011 |publisher=Yahoo News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619010551/http://in.news.yahoo.com/wandering-india-steve-jobs-learned-intuition-123904237.html |archive-date=June 19, 2012 |access-date=October 27, 2011 }}</ref> and returned to the US ahead of Daniel Kottke.<ref name="intoday1" /> Jobs had changed his appearance; his head was shaved, and he wore traditional [[Clothing in India|Indian clothing]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/4242660/Steve-Jobs-Apples-iGod-Profile.html |title=Steve Jobs, Apple's iGod: Profile |last=Andrews |first=Amanda |date=January 14, 2009 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=October 29, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413064433/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/4242660/Steve-Jobs-Apples-iGod-Profile.html |archive-date=April 13, 2012 |location=UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.scotsman.com/comment/Steve-Jobs-profile-Apple39s-hard.4863847.jp |title=Steve Jobs profile: Apple's hard core |date=January 11, 2009 |access-date=October 29, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926150825/http://news.scotsman.com/comment/Steve-Jobs-profile-Apple39s-hard.4863847.jp |archive-date=September 26, 2011 |publisher=News scotsman |location=Edinburgh}}</ref> During this time, Jobs experimented with [[psychedelic drug|psychedelics]], later calling his [[LSD]] experiences "one of the two or three most important things [he had] done in [his] life".<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cTyfxP-g2IIC&pg=PT25 |title=What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry |last=Markoff |first=John |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-303676-0 |page=preface xix |author-link=John Markoff |access-date=October 5, 2011 |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819025734/https://books.google.com/books?id=cTyfxP-g2IIC&pg=PT25 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/jobss-pentagon-papers-kidnap-fears-drug-use-and-a-speeding-ticket-20120612-206yr.html |title=Jobs's Pentagon papers: kidnap fears, drug use and a speeding ticket |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=June 12, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615160118/http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/jobss-pentagon-papers-kidnap-fears-drug-use-and-a-speeding-ticket-20120612-206yr.html |archive-date=June 15, 2012}}</ref> He spent a period at the [[All One Farm]], a [[History of the hippie movement#New Communalism|commune]] in [[Oregon]] that was owned by [[Robert Friedland#Early life|Robert Friedland]].

During this time period, Jobs and Brennan both became practitioners of [[Zen]] [[Buddhism]] through the Zen master [[Kōbun Chino Otogawa]]. Jobs engaged in lengthy [[retreat (spiritual)#Buddhism|meditation retreats]] at the [[Tassajara Zen Mountain Center]], the oldest [[Sōtō|Sōtō Zen]] monastery in the US.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.plos.org/neurotribes/2011/10/28/what-kind-of-buddhist-was-steve-jobs-really/ |title=What Kind of Buddhist was Steve Jobs, Really? |last=Silberman |first=Steve |date=October 28, 2011 |website=NeuroTribes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703001131/http://blogs.plos.org/neurotribes/2011/10/28/what-kind-of-buddhist-was-steve-jobs-really/ |archive-date=July 3, 2012 |access-date=December 29, 2011 }}</ref> He considered taking up monastic residence at [[Eihei-ji]] in [[Japan]], and maintained a lifelong appreciation for Zen,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burke |first=Daniel |date=November 2, 2011 |title=Steve Jobs' private spirituality now an open book |work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/story/2011-11-02/steve-jobs-faith-buddhism/51049772/1 |url-status=live |access-date=December 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120914/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/story/2011-11-02/steve-jobs-faith-buddhism/51049772/1 |archive-date=September 14, 2012}}</ref> Japanese cuisine, and artists such as [[Hasui Kawase]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kentaro |first=Saeki |date=May 10, 2020 |title=The secret passion of Steve Jobs {{!}} NHK WORLD-JAPAN News |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/backstories/1074/ |access-date=March 21, 2023 |website=NHK WORLD |publisher=[[NHK World-Japan]] |language=en |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314182646/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/backstories/1074/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Jobs and Wozniak attended meetings of the [[Homebrew Computer Club]] in 1975, which was a stepping stone to the development and marketing of the first Apple computer.<ref name="NYT obit">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/06/business/steve-jobs-of-apple-dies-at-56.html |title=Steven P. Jobs, 1955–2011: Apple's Visionary Redefined Digital Age |last=Markoff |first=John |date=October 5, 2011 |work=The New York Times |access-date=February 18, 2017 |archive-date=December 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219231603/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/06/business/steve-jobs-of-apple-dies-at-56.html |url-status=live|url-access=subscription }}</ref> According to a document released by the DoD,[[United circaStates 1975,Department Steveof Defense]], Jobs claimsclaimed that in 1975, he was arrested in [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]], Oregon, after being questioned for being a minor in possession of alcohol. Jobs allegesalleged that he "didn't have any alcohol", but police questioned him, and subsequently determined that he had an outstanding arrest warrant for an unpaid speeding ticket. Jobs claimsclaimed he then paid the approximately $50 fine. The arrest allegedly occurred "behind a store".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heisler |first1=Yoni |title=Steve Jobs' LSD habit, why he indulged in Marijuana, and his 1975 arrest |url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/2222575/data-center-steve-jobs-lsd-habit-why-he-indulged-in-marijuana-and-his-1975-arrest.html |website=NETWORKWORLD |date=June 12, 2012 |publisher=IDG Communications, Inc. |access-date=September 5, 2023 |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905044820/https://www.networkworld.com/article/2222575/data-center-steve-jobs-lsd-habit-why-he-indulged-in-marijuana-and-his-1975-arrest.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Zetter |first1=Kim |title=Steve Jobs' Pentagon File: Blackmail Fears, Youthful Arrest and LSD Cubes |url=https://www.wired.com/2012/06/steve-jobs-security-clearance/ |magazine=WIRED |access-date=September 5, 2023 |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905044820/https://www.wired.com/2012/06/steve-jobs-security-clearance/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{quote box|width=25em|align=right|quote=Basically [[Steve Wozniak]] and I invented the Apple because we wanted a personal computer. Not only couldn't we afford the computers that were on the market, those computers were impractical for us to use. We needed a [[Volkswagen Type 2|Volkswagen]]. The Volkswagen isn't as fast or comfortable as other ways of traveling, but the VW owners can go where they want, when they want and with whom they want. The VW owners have personal control of their car.|source=—Steve Jobs<ref>{{cite namebook|last=journeyisrewardYoung|first=Jefferey S.|title=Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward.|date=December 1988|publisher=Lynx Books|isbn=155802378X|pages=6}}</ref>}}

By March 1976, Wozniak completed the basic design of the [[Apple I]] computer and showed it to Jobs, who suggested that they sell it; Wozniak was at first skeptical of the idea but later agreed.{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=5–6}} In April of that same year, Jobs, Wozniak, and administrative overseer [[Ronald Wayne]] founded Apple Computer Company (now called "[[Apple Inc.]]") as a [[business partnership]] in Jobs's parents' Crist Drive home on April 1, 1976. The operation originally started in Jobs's bedroom and later moved to the garage.{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=6–8}}<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://extras.denverpost.com/books/chap0411h.htm |title=Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer, Inc |last=Linzmayer |first=Owen W. |work=The Denver Post |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414125259/http://extras.denverpost.com/books/chap0411h.htm |archive-date=April 14, 2012 }}</ref> Wayne stayed briefly, leaving Jobs and Wozniak as the active primary cofounders of the company.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/TECH/web/06/24/apple.forgotten.founder/index.html |title=The gambling man who co-founded Apple and left for $800 |last=Simon |first=Dan |date=June 24, 2010 |access-date=June 24, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410065148/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/TECH/web/06/24/apple.forgotten.founder/index.html?hpt=C1&fbid=lG95iTlU4iD |archive-date=April 10, 2014 |publisher=CNN}}</ref>

| source = —Jeffrey S. Young, 1987<ref>{{cite namebook|last=journeyisreward/>Young|first=Jefferey S.|title=Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward.|date=December 1988|publisher=Lynx Books|isbn=155802378X|pages=8}}</ref>

As Jobs became more successful with his new company, his relationship with Brennan grew more complex. In 1977, the success of Apple was now a part of their relationship, and Brennan, [[Daniel Kottke]], and Jobs moved into a house near the Apple office in [[Cupertino, California|Cupertino]];.<ref name="kqed">[http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/11/25/interview-apple-employee-no-12-dan-kottke-on-companys-earliest-days-and-steve-jobs-in-college "Interview: Apple Employee No. 12 Dan Kottke on Company's Earliest Days and the College Steve Jobs"]. [[KQED Inc.|KQED]], November 25, 2011.</ref> Brennan eventually took a position in the shipping department at Apple.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/pictures-of-apples-first-employees-2013-12 |title=These Pictures of Apple's First Employees Are Absolutely Wonderful |last=Edwards |first=Jim |date=December 26, 2013 |website=Business Insider |access-date=January 19, 2015 |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731193835/http://www.businessinsider.com/pictures-of-apples-first-employees-2013-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> Brennan's relationship with Jobs deteriorated as his position with Apple grew, and she began to consider ending the relationship. In October 1977, Brennan was approached by [[Rod Holt]], who asked her to take "a paid apprenticeship designing blueprints for the Apples".<ref name="vicious">{{sfncite web|Brennanurl=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/15/steve-jobs-chrisann-brennan-memoir-apple|title=Steve Jobs' ex-girlfriend pens memoir on life with 'vicious' Apple founder|access-date=January 17, 2015|last=Metz|first=Rachel |date=October 15, 2013|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Both Holt and Jobs believed that it would be a good position for her, given her artistic abilities. Holt was particularly eager that she take the position and puzzled by her ambivalence toward it. Brennan's decision, however, was overshadowed by the fact that she realized she was pregnant, and that Jobs was the father. It took her a few days to tell Jobs, whose face, according to Brennan, "turned ugly" at the news;. At the same time, according to Brennan, at the beginning of her third trimester, Jobs said to her: "I never wanted to ask that you get an abortion. I just didn't want to do that."{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=88–89}} He healso refused to discuss the pregnancy with her.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=88–89}}

Brennan turned down the internship and decided to leave Apple. A few weeks before she was due to give birth, Brennan was invited to deliver her baby at the All One Farm;. sheShe accepted the offer.<ref name="vicious"/> When Jobs was 23 (the same age as his biological parents when they had him){{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=88–89}} Brennan gave birth to her baby, [[Lisa Brennan-Jobs|Lisa Brennan]], on May 17, 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |urlname=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/15/steve-jobs-chrisann-brennan-memoir-apple |title=Steve Jobs' ex-girlfriend pens memoir on life with '"vicious' Apple founder |last=Metz |first=Rachel |date=October 15, 2013 |website=The Guardian |access-date=January 17, 2015 |archive-date=June 6, 2015 |archive-url=https:"//web.archive.org/web/20150606123024/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/15/steve-jobs-chrisann-brennan-memoir-apple |url-status=live }}</ref> Jobs went there for the birth after he was contacted by [[Robert Friedland]], their mutual friend and the farm owner. While distant, Jobs worked with her on a name for the baby, which they discussed while sitting in the fields on a blanket. Brennan suggested the name "Lisa" which Jobs also liked and notes that Jobs was very attached to the name "Lisa" while he "was also publicly denying paternity". She would discover later that during this time, Jobs was preparing to unveil a new kind of computer that he wanted to give a female name (his first choice was "Claire" after [[Clare of Assisi|St. Clare]]). She stated that she never gave him permission to use the baby's name for a computer and he hid the plans from her. Jobs worked with his team to come up with the phrase, "Local Integrated Software Architecture" as an [[backronym|alternative explanation]] for the [[Apple Lisa]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.minyanville.com/special-features/articles/lisa-brennan-jobs-business-icons-rich/8/31/2010/id/29768 |title=The Kids of Business Icons: Lisa Brennan-Jobs |last=Bullock |first=Diane |date=August 31, 2010 |website=[[Minyanville]] |access-date=October 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904121526/http://www.minyanville.com/special-features/articles/lisa-brennan-jobs-business-icons-rich/8/31/2010/id/29768 |archive-date=September 4, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Decades later, however, Jobs admitted to his biographer [[Walter Isaacson]] that "obviously, it was named for my daughter".{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=93}}

When Jobs denied paternity, a [[DNA paternity testing|DNA test]] established him as Lisa's father.<ref whichname="machineofthe year1" /> It required him to pay Brennan {{USD|385|1983|about=yes|long=no|round=-2}} monthly in addition to returning the welfare money she had received. Jobs paid her {{USD|500|1983|about=yes|long=no|round=-2}} monthly at the time when Apple went public and made him a millionaire. Later, Brennan agreed to interview with [[Michael Moritz]] for ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine for its [[Time Person of the Year]] special, released on January 3, 1983, in which she discussed her relationship with Jobs. Rather than name Jobs the Person of the Year, the magazine named the generic [[personal computer]] the "Machine of the Year".<ref>"Machine of the Year: The Computer Moves in". ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', January 3, 1983</ref> In the issue, Jobs questioned the reliability of the paternity test, which stated that the "probability of paternity for Jobs, Steven... is 94.1%".<ref name="machineofthe year1">Cocks, Jay. Reported by Michael Moritz. "[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953633,00.html The Updated Book of Jobs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209201759/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953633,00.html |date=February 9, 2015 }}" in "Machine of the Year: The Computer Moves in". ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', January 3, 1983:27.</ref> He responded by arguing that "28% of the male population of the United States could be the father". ''Time'' also noted that "the baby girl and the machine on which Apple has placed so much hope for the future share the same name: Lisa".<ref name="machineofthe year1" />

In 1978, at age 23, Jobs was worth over {{USD|1 million|long=no}} (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US|1000000|1978|r=0}}}} in {{Inflation-year|USD}}). By age 25, his net worth grew to an estimated {{USD|250 million|long=no}} (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US|250000000|1981|r=0}}}} in {{Inflation-year|USD}}). He was also one of the youngest "people ever to make the ''[[Forbes]]'' list of the nation's richest people—and one of only a handful to have done it themselves, without inherited wealth".<ref>{{cite namebook|last=journeyisrewardYoung|first=Jefferey S.|title=Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward.|date=December 1988|publisher=Lynx Books|isbn=155802378X|pages=7}}</ref> In 1982, Jobs bought an apartment on the top two floors of [[The San Remo]], a Manhattan building with a politically progressive reputation. Although he never lived there,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/02/steve-jobs-house-dem/ |title=Photos: The Historic House Steve Jobs Demolished |date=February 17, 2011 |magazine=Wired |access-date=March 11, 2017 |archive-date=June 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603000841/http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/02/steve-jobs-house-dem |url-status=live }}</ref> he spent years renovating it thanks to [[I. M. Pei]]. In 1983, Jobs lured [[John Sculley]] away from [[Pepsi-Cola]] to serve as Apple's CEO, asking, "Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugared water, or do you want a chance to change the world?".{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=386–387}}

| caption1 = A Macintosh prototype, {{circa|1981}}

By early 1985, the Macintosh's failure to defeat the IBM PC became clear,{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=185–187}}{{sfn|Schlender|2016|pp=84–88}} and it strengthened Sculley's position in the company. In May 1985, Sculley—encouraged by Arthur Rock—decided to reorganize Apple, and proposed a plan to the board that would remove Jobs from the Macintosh group and put him in charge of "New Product Development". This move would effectively render Jobs powerless within Apple.<ref>{{cite nameweb | url=journeyisrewardhttps://abcnews.go.com/Technology/steve-jobs-fire-company/story?id=14683754 | title=When Steve Jobs Got Fired by Apple | website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] }}</ref> In response, Jobs then developed a plan to get rid of Sculley and take over Apple. However, Jobs was confronted after the plan was leaked, and he said that he would leave Apple. The Board declined his resignation and asked him to reconsider. Sculley also told Jobs that he had all of the votes needed to go ahead with the reorganization. A few months later, on September 17, 1985, Jobs submitted a letter of resignation to the Apple Board. Five additional senior Apple employees also resigned and joined Jobs in his new venture, [[NeXT]].<ref name="journeyisreward:0">{{Cite book |title=Steve Jobs: The Journey Is the Rewardweb |last=YoungGallagher |first=Jeffrey S.William |date=1987September 12, 2019 |publishertitle=AmazonLooking Digitalback Servicesat Steve Jobs's NeXT, 2011Inc ebook— editionthe (originallymost [[Scottsuccessful Foresman]])}}{{Pagesfailure ever needed|url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/18/09/12/looking-back-at-steve-jobss-next-inc----the-most-successful-failure-ever |access-date=AprilJuly 201712, 2022 |website=AppleInsider |language=en}}</ref>

Following his resignation from Apple in 1985, Jobs founded [[NeXT|NeXT Inc.]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Apple's Jobs Starts New Firm, Targets Education Market |last=Spector |first=G |date=September 24, 1985 |work=[[PC Week]] |page=109}}</ref> with $7&nbsp;million. A year later he was running out of money, and he sought venture capital with no product on the horizon. Eventually, Jobs attracted the attention of billionaire [[Ross Perot]], who invested heavily in the company.{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|p=208}} The NeXT computer was shown to the world in what was considered Jobs's comeback event,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newsweek.com/steve-jobs-comes-back-207006 |title=Steve Jobs Comes Back |last=Schwartz |first=John |date=October 24, 1988 |work=Newsweek |access-date=October 20, 2014 |location=Palo Alto, California |page=Business |archive-date=October 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014213058/http://www.newsweek.com/steve-jobs-comes-back-207006 |url-status=live }}</ref> a lavish invitation-only gala [[NeXT Introduction|launch event]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kevra.org/TheBestOfNext/Timeline/TImeline.html |title=NeXT Timeline |access-date=January 21, 2015 |archive-date=February 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203052821/http://www.kevra.org/TheBestOfNext/Timeline/TImeline.html |url-status=live }}</ref> that was described as a multimedia extravaganza.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://tech-insider.org/unix/research/1988/1013.html |title=Next Project: Apple Era Behind Him, Steve Jobs Tries Again, Using a New System |last=Schlender |first=Brenton R. |date=October 13, 1988 |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=October 20, 2014 |publisher=[[Dow Jones & Company|Dow Jones & Company Inc]] |location=Palo Alto, California |edition=Western |page=Front Page Leader |archive-date=October 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020150953/http://tech-insider.org/unix/research/1988/1013.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The celebration was held at the [[Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall]], San Francisco, California, on Wednesday, October 12, 1988. [[Steve Wozniak]] said in a 2013 interview that while Jobs was at NeXT he was "really getting his head together".<ref name=TheVerge/>

The revised, second generation [[NeXTcube]] was released in 1990. Jobs touted it as the first "interpersonal" computer that would replace the personal computer. With its innovative [[NeXTMail]] multimedia email system, NeXTcube could share voice, image, graphics, and video in email for the first time. "Interpersonal computing is going to revolutionize human communications and groupwork", Jobs told reporters.<ref>''Computimes''. (May 31, 1990). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YK5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cZADAAAAIBAJ&pg=4008%2C4314860 Interpersonal computing{{spaced ndash}}the third revolution?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429021747/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YK5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cZADAAAAIBAJ&pg=4008,4314860|date=April 29, 2016}}. ''New Straits Times''. (230), 20; Schlender, B. R., Alpert, M. (February 12, 1990). {{Cite news |last=Schlender |first=Brenton R. |date=February 12, 1990 |title=Who's ahead in the computer wars |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1990/02/12/73067/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129082428/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1990/02/12/73067/index.htm |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |access-date=August 3, 2020 |work=CNN}}. ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]''.</ref> Jobs ran NeXT with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as evidenced by the development of and attention to NeXTcube's magnesium case.<ref>Stross, R. E. (1993). ''Steve Jobs and the NeXT Big Thing''. Atheneum. {{ISBN|978-0-689-12135-7}}. pp. 117, 120, 246.</ref> This put considerable strain on NeXT's hardware division, and in 1993, after having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to software development with the release of [[NeXTSTEP]]/[[Intel]].<ref name="OGrady">O'Grady, J. (2008). ''Apple Inc.'' Greenwood Press. {{ISBN|978-0-313-36244-6}}.{{Pages needed|date=April 2017}}</ref> The company reported its first yearly profit of $1.03&nbsp;million in 1994.{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|p=213}} In 1996, NeXT Software, Inc. released [[WebObjects]], a framework for Web application development. After NeXT was acquired by Apple Inc. in 1997, WebObjects was used to build and run the [[Apple Store]].,<ref name="OGrady" /> [[MobileMe]] services, and the iTunes Store.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a11177/steve-jobs-esquire-interview-0703/|title=Is Steve Jobs the God of Music?|last=Langer|first=Andy|date=September 10, 2014|website=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]|publisher=[[Hearst Communications]]|access-date=July 10, 2017}}</ref>

In 1986, Jobs funded the spinout of The Graphics Group (later renamed [[Pixar]]) from [[Lucasfilm]]'s computer graphics division for the price of $10&nbsp;million, $5&nbsp;million of which was given to the company as capital and $5&nbsp;million of which was paid to Lucasfilm for technology rights.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://alvyray.com/pixar/default.htm |title=Pixar Founding Documents |last=Smith |first=Alvy Ray |author-link=Alvy Ray Smith |website=Alvy Ray Smith Homepage |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050427012806/http://alvyray.com/Pixar/default.htm |archive-date=April 27, 2005 |access-date=January 11, 2011 }}</ref> The first film produced by Pixar with its [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] partnership, ''[[Toy Story]]'' (1995), with Jobs credited as executive producer,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-24-fi-60492-story.html | title=Steve Jobs to Get Executive Producer Credit on Disney Animated Film | last=Bates | first=James | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=October 24, 1995 | access-date=September 28, 2022 | archive-date=September 28, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928114156/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-24-fi-60492-story.html | url-status=live }}</ref> brought financial success and critical acclaim to the studio when it was released. Over the course of Jobs's life, under Pixar's creative chief [[John Lasseter]], the company produced box-office hits ''[[A Bug's Life]]'' (1998), ''[[Toy Story 2]]'' (1999), ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]'' (2001), ''[[Finding Nemo]]'' (2003), ''[[The Incredibles]]'' (2004), ''[[Cars (film)|Cars]]'' (2006), ''[[Ratatouille (film)|Ratatouille]]'' (2007), ''[[WALL-E]]'' (2008), ''[[Up (2009 film)|Up]]'' (2009), ''[[Toy Story 3]]'' (2010), and ''[[Cars 2]]'' (2011). ''[[Brave (2012 film)|Brave]]'' (2012), Pixar's first film to be produced since Jobs's death, honored him with a tribute for his contributions to the studio.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-brave-steve-jobs-tribute-329832|title=Pixar's 'Brave' Honors Steve Jobs|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=May 25, 2012|access-date=February 8, 2021|archive-date=February 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214011411/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-brave-steve-jobs-tribute-329832|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Finding Nemo'', ''The Incredibles'', ''Ratatouille'', ''WALL-E'', ''Up'', ''Toy Story 3'', and ''Brave'' each received the [[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature]], an award introduced in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2012/02/05/steve-jobs-bio-reveals-how-michael-eisner-actively-tried-to-derail-disney-s-acquisition-of-pixar.aspx |title=Steve Jobs bio reveals how Michael Eisner actively tried to derail Disney's 2006 acquisition of Pixar |last=Hill, Jim |date=February 5, 2012 |publisher=Jim Hill Media |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627083419/http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2012/02/05/steve-jobs-bio-reveals-how-michael-eisner-actively-tried-to-derail-disney-s-acquisition-of-pixar.aspx |archive-date=June 27, 2012 |access-date=February 10, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=McClintock |first1=Pamela |title=Oscars 2013: Brenda Chapman's 'Brave' Win a Vindication After Being Fired From the Project |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-2013-brave-win-a-423951 |access-date=May 1, 2021 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=February 24, 2013 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420000831/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-2013-brave-win-a-423951 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2003 and 2004, as Pixar's contract with Disney was running out, Jobs and Disney chief executive [[Michael Eisner]] tried but failed to negotiate a new partnership,<ref>Wolff, Michael, {{Cite web |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2006/04/wolff200604?currentPage=all |title=iPod, Therefore I am |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=October 10, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328111011/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2006/04/wolff200604?currentPage=all |archive-date=March 28, 2014}}, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', April 2006. Retrieved September 3, 2010.</ref> and in January 2004, Jobs announced that he would never deal with Disney again.{{r|iger20190918}} In October 2005, [[Bob Iger]] replaced Eisner at Disney, and Iger quickly worked to mend relations with Jobs and Pixar. On January 24, 2006, Jobs and Iger announced that Disney had agreed to purchase Pixar in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4&nbsp;billion. When the deal closed, Jobs became [[The Walt Disney Company]]'s largest single shareholder with approximately seven percent of the company's stock.<ref name="DisneyBuysPixar">January 25, 2006 {{Cite web |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/jan/25disney.htm |title=Disney buys Pixar for $7.4 bn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109012018/http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/jan/25disney.htm |archive-date=November 9, 2013}}, rediff.com</ref> Jobs's holdings in Disney far exceeded those of Eisner, who holds 1.7%, and of Disney family member [[Roy E. Disney]], who until his 2009 death held about 1% of the company's stock and whose criticisms of Eisner—especially that he soured Disney's relationship with Pixar—accelerated Eisner's ousting. Upon completion of the merger, Jobs received 7% of Disney shares, and joined the board of directors as the largest individual shareholder.<ref name="DisneyBuysPixar" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/bios/steve_jobs.html|title=The Walt Disney Company – Steve Jobs Biography|access-date=June 22, 2008|archive-date=April 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426205336/http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/bios/steve_jobs.html|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite news|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/25/business/25disney.html|title=Disney Agrees to Acquire Pixar in a $7.4&nbsp;Billion Deal|work=The New York Times|first=Laura M.|last=Holson|date=January 25, 2006|archive-date=October 9, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009001039/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/25/business/25disney.html|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite news|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/business/media/06pixar.html|title=Pixar Becomes Unit of Disney|work=The New York Times|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=May 6, 2006|archive-date=April 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423133903/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/business/media/06pixar.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.splashnology.com/article/steve-jobs-1955-%E2%80%93-2011/2961/ |title=Steve Jobs, 1955–2011 |date=October 6, 2011 |publisher=Splashnogly |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423053407/http://www.splashnology.com/article/steve-jobs-1955-%E2%80%93-2011/2961/ |archive-date=April 23, 2012 |access-date=January 15, 2012 }}</ref> Upon Jobs's death his shares in Disney were transferred to the Steven P. Jobs Trust led by [[Laurene Jobs]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2011-11-23/steven-jobs-trust-reports-holding-7-7-stake-in-walt-disney-1-.html |title=Jobs's 7.7% Disney Stake Transfers to Trust Led by Widow Laurene |work=Bloomberg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023716/http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2011-11-23/steven-jobs-trust-reports-holding-7-7-stake-in-walt-disney-1-.html |archive-date=April 10, 2014 }}</ref>

After Jobs's death, Iger recalled in 2019 that many warned him about Jobs, "that he would bully me and everyone else". Iger wrote, "Who wouldn't want Steve Jobs to have influence over how a company is run?", and that as an active Disney board member "he rarely created trouble for me. Not never but rarely." He speculated that they would have seriously considered merging Disney and Apple had Jobs lived.{{r|iger20190918}} [[Floyd Norman]], of Pixar, described Jobs as a "mature, mellow individual" who never interfered with the creative process of the filmmakers.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://jimhillmedia.com/blogs/floyd_norman/archive/2009/01/19/steve-jobs-a-tough-act-to-follow.aspx |title=Steve Jobs: A Tough Act to Follow |last=Norman |first=Floyd |date=January 19, 2009 |access-date=January 19, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508103204/http://jimhillmedia.com/blogs/floyd_norman/archive/2009/01/19/steve-jobs-a-tough-act-to-follow.aspx |archive-date=May 8, 2010 |publisher=Jim Hill Media |author-link=Floyd Norman}}</ref> In early June 2014, Pixar cofounder and [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] President [[Edwin Catmull]] revealed that Jobs once advised him to "just explain it to them until they understand" in disagreements. Catmull released the book ''[[Creativity, Inc.]]'' in 2014, in which he recounts numerous experiences of working with Jobs. Regarding his own manner of dealing with Jobs, Catmull writes:<ref>{{Cite book |titlename=Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration |title-link=Creativity, Inc. |last1=Catmull |first1=Edwin |last2=Wallace |first2=Amy |date=2014 |publisher=[[Transworld Publishers Limited]] |isbn=978-0552167260|author-link=Edwin Catmull}}<"ventures"/ref>

{{blockquote|In all the 26 years with Steve, Steve and I never had one of these loud verbal arguments, and it's not my nature to do that. ... but we did disagree fairly frequently about things. ... I would say something to him and he would immediately shoot it down because he could think faster than I could. ... I would then wait a week ... I'd call him up, and I give my counterargument to what he had said, and he'd immediately shoot it down. So I had to wait another week, and occasionally this went on for months. But ultimately one of three things happened. About a third of the time he said, "Oh, I get it, you're right", and that was the end of it. And it was another third of the time in which [I'd] say, "Actually I think he is right". The other third of the time, where we didn't reach consensus, he just let me do it my way, never said anything more about it.<ref name="ventures">{{Cite web |url=https://www.inc.com/julie-bort/steve-jobs-taught-this-man-how-to-win-arguments-with-really-stubborn-people.html |title=Steve Jobs Taught This Man How To Win Arguments With Really Stubborn People |first=Julie |last=Bort |date=June 5, 2014 |website=Inc. |publisher=Monsueto Ventures |access-date=June 8, 2014 |archive-date=June 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608002440/http://www.inc.com/julie-bort/steve-jobs-taught-this-man-how-to-win-arguments-with-really-stubborn-people.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

[[File:Stevejobs Macworld2005.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Full-length portrait of a middle-aged man, wearing jeans and a black turtleneck shirt, standing in front of a dark curtain with a white Apple logo|Jobs presented at [[Macworld Conference & Expo]] in 2005.]]

In 1996, Jobs's former company Apple was struggling and its survival depended on completing its next operating system. After failed negotiations to purchase [[Be Inc.]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |author=WIRED Staff |title=Apple Buyout of Be Appears Unlikely |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/1996/12/apple-buyout-of-be-appears-unlikely/ |access-date=November 5, 2023 |issn=1059-1028 |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105035855/https://www.wired.com/1996/12/apple-buyout-of-be-appears-unlikely/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Software Deal Turns Up Heat On Apple {{!}} The Spokesman-Review |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/nov/27/software-deal-turns-up-heat-on-apple/ |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=www.spokesman.com |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105035854/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/nov/27/software-deal-turns-up-heat-on-apple/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Apple eventually came to a deal with [[NeXT]] in December<ref>{{Cite news |last=Markoff |first=John |date=December 23, 1996 |title=Why Apple Sees Next as a Match Made in Heaven |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/23/business/why-apple-sees-next-as-a-match-made-in-heaven.html |access-date=November 5, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105035855/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/23/business/why-apple-sees-next-as-a-match-made-in-heaven.html |url-status=live }}</ref> for $400 million; the deal was finalized in February 1997, bringing Jobs back to the company he had cofounded.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kawamoto |first=Dawn |date=December 20, 1996 |title=Apple acquires Next, Jobs |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/apple-acquires-next-jobs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606093742/https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/apple-acquires-next-jobs/ |archive-date=June 6, 2022 |access-date=October 26, 2022 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref> Jobs became ''de facto'' chief after then-CEO [[Gil Amelio]] was ousted in July 1997. He was formally named interim chief executive on September 16.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/091797apple.html |title=Apple Formally Names Jobs as Interim Chief |date=September 17, 1997 |work=The New York Times |access-date=June 27, 2011 |archive-date=November 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117174448/http://www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/091797apple.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 1998, to concentrate Apple's efforts on returning to profitability, Jobs terminated several projects, such as [[Newton (platform)|Newton]], [[Cyberdog]], and [[OpenDoc]]. In the coming months, many employees developed a fear of encountering Jobs while riding in the elevator, "afraid that they might not have a job when the doors opened. The reality was that Jobs's summary executions were rare, but a handful of victims was enough to terrorize a whole company."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.salon.com/tech/books/2000/10/11/jobs_excerpt/index2.html |title=The once and future Steve Jobs |date=October 11, 2000 |work=Salon.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416051238/http://archive.salon.com/tech/books/2000/10/11/jobs_excerpt/index2.html |archive-date=April 16, 2009 }}</ref> Jobs changed the licensing program for [[Macintosh clones]], making it too costly for the manufacturers to continue making machines.

With the purchase of NeXT, much of the company's technology found its way into Apple products, most notably [[NeXTSTEP]], which evolved into [[Mac OS X]]. Under Jobs's guidance, the company increased sales significantly with the introduction of the [[iMac]] and other new products; since then, appealing designs and powerful branding have worked well for Apple. At the 2000 Macworld Expo, Jobs officially dropped the "interim" modifier from his title at Apple and became permanent CEO.<ref>{{Cite news |url=httphttps://articleswww.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/2000-01-06/business/17635644_1_mac-os-itools-apple-servers |title=MacWorld Expo/Permanent Jobs/Apple CEO finally drops 'interim' from title |last=Norr |first=Henry |date=January 6, 2000 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=June 27, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102181558/http://articles.sfgate.com/2000-01-06/business/17635644_1_mac-os-itools-apple-servers |archive-date=November 2, 2011}}</ref> Jobs quipped at the time that he would be using the title "iCEO".<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/01/05/macworld.keynote/index.html |title=Jobs announces new MacOS, becomes 'iCEO' |date=January 5, 2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820231820/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/01/05/macworld.keynote/index.html |archive-date=August 20, 2013 |work=CNN}}</ref>

The company subsequently branched out, introducing and improving upon other digital appliances. With the introduction of the [[iPod]] portable music player, iTunes digital music software, and the [[iTunes Store]], the company made forays into consumer electronics and music distribution. On June 29, 2007, Apple entered the cellular phone business with the introduction of the [[iPhone]], a [[multi-touch]] display cell phone, which also included the features of an iPod and, with its own mobile browser, revolutionized the mobile browsing scene. While nurturing open-ended innovation, Jobs also reminded his employees that "real artists ship".<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xqZQAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA312 |title=Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer That Changed Everything |last=Levy |first=Steven |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-14-023237-0 |page=312 |author-link=Steven Levy |access-date=May 6, 2020 |archive-date=August 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820022749/https://books.google.com/books?id=xqZQAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA312 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Jobs was both admired and criticized for his consummate skill at persuasion and salesmanship, which has been dubbed the "[[reality distortion field]]" and was particularly evident during his keynote speeches (colloquially known as "[[Stevenote]]s") at [[Macworld Conference & Expo|Macworld Expos]] and at [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference]]s.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=May 28, 2014 |title=11 Presentation Lessons You Can Still Learn From Steve Jobs |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2012/10/04/11-presentation-lessons-you-can-still-learn-from-steve-jobs/ |magazine=Forbes |access-date=June 16, 2014 |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605113729/http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2012/10/04/11-presentation-lessons-you-can-still-learn-from-steve-jobs/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Jobs usually went to work wearing a black long-sleeved [[mock turtleneck]] made by [[Issey Miyake]], [[Levi's]] 501 blue jeans, and [[New Balance]] 991 sneakers.<ref name="latimes turtleneck">{{Cite news |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2011/10/steve-jobs-explains-black-turtleneck-in-biography.html |title=Steve Jobs' black turtleneck reportedly explained in biography |date=October 11, 2011 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=October 14, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028073808/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2011/10/steve-jobs-explains-black-turtleneck-in-biography.html |archive-date=October 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gizmodo.com/gadgets/pcs/wear-the-exact-outfit-of-steve-jobs-for-458-157402.php |title=Wear the Exact Outfit of Steve Jobs for $458 |date=February 28, 2006 |website=Gizmodo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711100122/http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/pcs/wear-the-exact-outfit-of-steve-jobs-for-458-157402.php |archive-date=July 11, 2011 |access-date=April 19, 2010 }}</ref> Jobs told his biographer Walter Isaacson "...he came to like the idea of having a uniform for himself, both because of its daily convenience (the rationale he claimed) and its ability to convey a signature style".<ref name="latimes turtleneck" /> Jobs was a board member at [[Gap Inc.]] from 1999 to 2002.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2002-10-05/article/15120 |title=Steve Jobs resigns from Gap's board |last=Liedtke, Michael |date=October 5, 2002 |work=The Berkeley Daily Planet |access-date=December 23, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114034440/http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2002-10-05/article/15120 |archive-date=November 14, 2012 }}</ref>

In 2005, Jobs responded to criticism of Apple's poor recycling programs for [[e-waste]] in the US by lashing out at environmental and other advocates at Apple's annual meeting in Cupertino in April. A few weeks later, Apple announced it would take back iPods for free at its retail stores. The [[Computer recycling#Takeback|Computer TakeBack Campaign]] responded by flying a banner from a plane over the Stanford University graduation at which Jobs was the commencement speaker. The banner read "Steve, don't be a mini-player—recycle all e-waste".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last= |first= |date=2005-06-13 |title=Live, Jobs Tells Stanford Grads |url=https://www.wired.com/2005/06/live-jobs-tells-stanford-grads/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>

In 2006, he further expanded Apple's recycling programs to any US customer who buys a new Mac. This program includes shipping and "environmentally friendly disposal" of their old systems.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1895,1952356,00.asp |title=Apple Improves Recycling Plan |date=April 21, 2006 |work=[[PC Magazine]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020063840/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0%2C1895%2C1952356%2C00.asp |archive-date=October 20, 2008}}</ref> The success of Apple's unique products and services provided several years of stable financial returns, propelling Apple to become the world's most valuable publicly traded company in 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/09/apple-most-valuable-company/ |title=Apple Is the Most Valuable Company |last=Bilton |first=Nick |date=August 9, 2011 |work=The New York Times |access-date=February 24, 2012 |archive-date=February 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225221243/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/09/apple-most-valuable-company/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

On July 1, 2008, a {{USD|7 billion|long=no}} class action suit was filed against several members of the Apple board of directors for revenue lost because of alleged securities fraud.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailytech.com/Group+Wants+7B+USD+From+Apple+Steve+Jobs+Executives+Over+Securities+Fraud+/article12258.htm |title=Group Wants $7B USD From Apple, Steve Jobs, Executives Over Securities Fraud |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201113415/http://www.dailytech.com/Group+Wants+7B+USD+From+Apple+Steve+Jobs+Executives+Over+Securities+Fraud+/article12258.htm |archive-date=February 1, 2012 |access-date=July 2, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/global-cio/legal/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=208802018 |title=Apple, Steve Jobs, Executives, Board, Sued For Securities Fraud |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519090826/http://www.informationweek.com/news/global-cio/legal/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=208802018 |archive-date=May 19, 2009 }}</ref> In a 2011 interview with biographer Walter Isaacson, Jobs revealed that he had met with US President [[Barack Obama]], complained about the nation's shortage of software engineers, and told Obama that he was "headed for a one-term presidency".<ref name="obama" /> Jobs proposed that any foreign student who got an engineering degree at a US university should automatically be offered a green card. After the meeting, Jobs commented, "The president is very smart, but he kept explaining to us reasons why things can't get done {{Nbsp}}. . . . It infuriates me".<ref name="obama">{{Cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/11/01/BUHP1LOI3O.DTL |title=Steve Jobs bio sheds light on Obama relationship |first=Andrew S. |last=Ross |date=November 1, 2011 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=November 12, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104073135/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2011%2F11%2F01%2FBUHP1LOI3O.DTL |archive-date=November 4, 2011 }}</ref>

In October 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with [[cancer]]. In mid- 2004, he announced to his employees that he had a cancerous tumor in his [[pancreas]].<ref name="Evangelista-2004" /> The prognosis for [[pancreatic cancer]] is usually very poor;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2011/10/steve-jobs-and-the-celebrity-diagnosis-complete-guide-to-pancreatic-cancers/ |title=Steve Jobs and the Celebrity Diagnosis Complete Guide to Tumors of the Pancreas |publisher=Celebrity Diagnosis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626212907/http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2011/10/steve-jobs-and-the-celebrity-diagnosis-complete-guide-to-pancreatic-cancers/ |archive-date=June 26, 2012 |access-date=November 12, 2011 |date=October 6, 2011 }}</ref> Jobs stated that he had a rare, much less aggressive type, known as [[pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor|islet cell neuroendocrine tumor]].<ref name="Evangelista-2004">{{Cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/08/02/MNGMJ816F41.DTL |title=Apple's Jobs has cancerous tumor removed |last=Evangelista |first=Benny |date=August 2, 2004 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=August 9, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818215442/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F08%2F02%2FMNGMJ816F41.DTL |archive-date=August 18, 2006 |page=A1 }}</ref>

Jobs resisted his doctors' recommendations for medical intervention for nine months,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index.htm |title=The trouble with Steve Jobs |last=Elkind |first=Peter |date=March 5, 2008 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date=March 5, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421165823/http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index.htm |archive-date=April 21, 2010 }}</ref> in favor of [[alternative medicine]]. Other doctors agree that Jobs's diet was insufficient to address his disease. However, cancer researcher and alternative medicine critic [[David Gorski]] wrote that "it's impossible to know whether and by how much he might have decreased his chances of surviving his cancer through his flirtation with woo. My best guess was that Jobs probably only modestly decreased his chances of survival, if that."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.medpagetoday.com/HematologyOncology/OtherCancers/30421 |title=Jobs Leaves Lessons for Cancer Care |last=Fiore |first=Kristina |date=December 28, 2012 |work=MedPage Today |access-date=July 14, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410025609/http://www.medpagetoday.com/HematologyOncology/OtherCancers/30421 |archive-date=April 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/one-more-thing/ |title="And one more thing" about Steve Jobs' battle with cancer |last=Gorski |first=David |date=October 31, 2011 |work=Science-Based Medicine |access-date=October 9, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511020931/https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/one-more-thing/ |archive-date=May 11, 2020}}</ref> [[Barrie R. Cassileth]], the chief of [[Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center]]'s [[integrative medicine]] department,<ref>[http://www.mskcc.org/prg/prg/bios/525.cfm Physician Biography] for [[Barrie R. Cassileth]]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113140753/http://www.mskcc.org/prg/prg/bios/525.cfm |date=November 13, 2011 }}</ref> on the other hand, said, "Jobs's faith in alternative medicine likely cost him his life&nbsp;... He had the only kind of pancreatic cancer that is treatable and curable&nbsp;... He essentially committed suicide."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/18/book-raises-alarms-about-alternative-medicine/2429385/ |title=Book raises alarms about alternative medicine |first=Liz |last=Szabo |date=June 18, 2013 |work=USA Today |access-date=June 19, 2013 |archive-date=June 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618204646/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/18/book-raises-alarms-about-alternative-medicine/2429385/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to biographer Walter Isaacson, "for nine months he refused to undergo surgery for his pancreatic cancer – a decision he later regretted as his health declined".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Potter |first=Ned |date=October 20, 2011 |title=Steve Jobs Regretted Delaying Cancer Surgery 9 Months, Biographer Says |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/steve-jobs-treatment-biographer-jobs-delayed-surgery-pancreatic/story?id=14781250 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410015342/http://abcnews.go.com/story?id=14781250 |archive-date=April 10, 2014 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> "Instead, he tried a vegan diet, acupuncture, herbal remedies, and other treatments he found online, and even consulted a psychic. He was also influenced by a doctor who ran a clinic that advised juice fasts, bowel cleansings and other unproven approaches, before finally having surgery in July 2004."<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Metz |first1=Rachel |last2=Ortutay |first2=Barbara |last3=Robertson |first3=Jordan |last4=Writers |first4=AP Technology |title=Jobs questioned authority all his life, book says (Update) |url=https://phys.org/news/2011-10-biography-steve-jobs-life.html |access-date=October 23, 2022 |website=phys.org |language=en |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023203618/https://phys.org/news/2011-10-biography-steve-jobs-life.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Steve Jobs chose herbal medicine, delayed cancer surgery |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/steve-jobs-chose-herbal-medicine-delayed-cancer-surgery-1.1124855 |access-date=October 23, 2022 |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023203618/https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/steve-jobs-chose-herbal-medicine-delayed-cancer-surgery-1.1124855 |url-status=live }}</ref> He underwent a [[pancreaticoduodenectomy]] (or "Whipple procedure") that appeared to remove the tumor successfully.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/pancreatic-cancer/treatment.html |title=Pancreatic Cancer Treatment |publisher=Mayo Clinic |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119112514/http://www.mayoclinic.org/pancreatic-cancer/treatment.html |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |access-date=April 19, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/23/technology/23apple.html |title=Talk of Chief's Health Weighs on Apple's Share Price |last=Markoff |first=John |date=July 23, 2008 |work=[[The New York Times]] |author-link=John Markoff |access-date=February 18, 2017 |archive-date=March 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318112140/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/23/technology/23apple.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Jobs did not receive [[chemotherapy]] or [[radiation therapy]].<ref name="Evangelista-2004" /><ref name="Elmer">{{Cite web |url=http://apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2008/06/13/steve-jobs-life-after-the-whipple |title=Steve Jobs and Whipple |last=Elmer |first=Philip |date=June 13, 2008 |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611174254/http://apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2008/06/13/steve-jobs-life-after-the-whipple/ |archive-date=June 11, 2009 |access-date=April 19, 2010 }}</ref> During Jobs's absence, [[Tim Cook]], head of worldwide sales and operations at Apple, ran the company.<ref name="Evangelista-2004" />

In 2009, Tim Cook offered a portion of his [[liver]] to Jobs, since both share a rare blood type, and the donor liver can regenerate tissue after such an operation. Jobs yelled, "I'll never let you do that. I'll never do that."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/03/13/tim_cook_tried_to_foist_his_liver_on_steve_jobs/ |title=I BEG YOU, mighty Jobs, TAKE MY LIVER, Cook told Apple's dying co-founder |date=March 13, 2015 |website=[[The Register]] |access-date=August 22, 2017 |archive-date=August 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816154815/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/03/13/tim_cook_tried_to_foist_his_liver_on_steve_jobs |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2009, Jobs underwent a [[liver transplantation]] at [[Methodist University Hospital]] Transplant Institute in [[Memphis, Tennessee]].<ref name="cnntrans" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2009/06/steve-jobs-liver-transplant-performed-at-memphis-hospital-was-sickest-patient-on-waiting-list/ |title=Liver Transplant in Memphis: Jobs' was Sickest Patient on Waiting List |date=June 24, 2009 |publisher=Celebrity Diagnosis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626230257/http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2009/06/steve-jobs-liver-transplant-performed-at-memphis-hospital-was-sickest-patient-on-waiting-list/ |archive-date=June 26, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/business/23liver.html |title=A Transplant That Is Raising Many Questions |last1=Grady |first1=Denise |date=June 22, 2009 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last2=Meier |first2=Barry |access-date=February 18, 2017 |archive-date=April 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422144517/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/business/23liver.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Jobs's prognosis was described as "excellent".<ref name="cnntrans">{{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/23/steve.jobs.liver.transplant/index.html |title=Steve Jobs recovering after liver transplant |date=June 23, 2009 |access-date=April 19, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331181334/http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/23/steve.jobs.liver.transplant/index.html |archive-date=March 31, 2014 |publisher=CNN}}</ref>

On January 17, 2011, a year and a half after Jobs returned to work following the liver transplant, Apple announced that he had been granted a medicalanother leave of absence. Jobs announced his leave in a letter to employees, stating his decision was made "so he could focus on his health". As it did at the time of his 2009 medical leave, Apple announced that Tim Cook would run day-to-day operations and that Jobs would continue to be involved in major strategic decisions at the company.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/18/technology/18apple.html |title=Apple Says Steve Jobs Will Take a New Medical Leave |last=Helft |first=Miguel |date=January 17, 2010 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=January 17, 2010 |archive-date=March 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318130535/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/18/technology/18apple.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/01/17/steve_jobs_to_take_medical_leave_of_absence_but_remain_apple_ceo.html |title=Steve Jobs to take medical leave of absence but remain Apple CEO |date=January 17, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124100159/http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/01/17/steve_jobs_to_take_medical_leave_of_absence_but_remain_apple_ceo.html |archive-date=January 24, 2012 }}</ref> While on leave, Jobs appeared at the [[iPad 2]] launch event on March 2, the [[WWDC]] keynote introducing [[iCloud]] on June 6, and before the Cupertino City Council on June 7.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/06/cupertino-jobs-ufo-building/ |title=Video: Jobs Pitches New 'Mothership' to Approving Cupertino City Council |last=Abell |first=John |date=June 8, 2011 |magazine=Wired |access-date=June 9, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114122458/http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/06/cupertino-jobs-ufo-building |archive-date=January 14, 2012 }}</ref>

Childhood friend and fellow Apple co-founder [[Steve Wozniak]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dK_XEGrzHUo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/dK_XEGrzHUo |archive-date=December 19, 2021 |url-status=live|title=Wozniak Tearfully Remembers His Friend Steve Jobs |date=October 6, 2011 |website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> former owner of what would become Pixar, [[George Lucas]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://postcards.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2011/10/06/george-lucas-steve-jobs |title=George Lucas on Steve Jobs |first=Patricia |last=Sellers |date=October 6, 2011 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307091948/http://postcards.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2011/10/06/george-lucas-steve-jobs/ |archive-date=March 7, 2012 }}</ref> his competitor Microsoft co-founder [[Bill Gates]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesnotes.com/about-bill-gates/steve-jobs |title=Remembering Steve Jobs |date=October 6, 2011 |publisher=gatesnotes.com |access-date=June 9, 2022 |archive-date=May 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516122314/https://www.gatesnotes.com/About-Bill-Gates/Steve-Jobs |url-status=live }}</ref> and President [[Barack Obama]]<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Statement by the President on the Passing of Steve Jobs |date=October 5, 2011 |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/05/statement-president-passing-steve-jobs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210172203/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/05/statement-president-passing-steve-jobs |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |url-status=live }}</ref> all made statements in response to his death. At his request, Jobs was buried in an [[unmarked grave]] at [[Alta Mesa Memorial Park]], the only [[nonsectarian]] cemetery in Palo Alto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2011/10/steve-jobs-died-of-respiratory-arrest-amid-pancreatic-tumor/ |title=Steve Jobs Died of Respiratory Arrest Amid Pancreatic Tumor |date=October 10, 2011 |work=ABC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122060516/http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2011/10/steve-jobs-died-of-respiratory-arrest-amid-pancreatic-tumor/ |archive-date=January 22, 2012 |access-date=November 12, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-jobs-idUSTRE79969E20111011 |title=Steve Jobs died of respiratory arrest, tumor |last=Gupta |first=Poornima |date=October 10, 2011 |access-date=September 21, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410020239/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/11/us-apple-jobs-idUSTRE79969E20111011 |archive-date=April 10, 2014 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

Jobs's design aesthetic was influenced by philosophies of Zen and Buddhism. In India, he experienced Buddhism while on his seven-month spiritual journey,<ref name="The Hindu-2011">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/article2567088.ece?homepage=true |title=Steve Jobs' autobiography: a chronicle of a complex genius |date=October 24, 2011 |work=The Hindu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109011852/http://www.thehindu.com/news/article2567088.ece?homepage=true |archive-date=November 9, 2013 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> and his sense of intuition was influenced by the spiritual people with whom he studied.<ref name="The Hindu-2011" /> Jobs gained insights regarding [[industrial design]]s from [[Richard Sapper]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/designer-richard-sapper-regrets-turning-down-apple-and-steve-jobs-2013-6 |title=This Man Could Have Made $30 Million Per Year As Apple's Designer — But He Turned Steve Jobs Down |last=Shontell |first=Alyson |website=Business Insider |access-date=May 17, 2019 |archive-date=May 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517055254/https://www.businessinsider.com/designer-richard-sapper-regrets-turning-down-apple-and-steve-jobs-2013-6 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Apple co-founder Wozniak, "Steve didn't ever code. He wasn't an engineer and he didn't do any original design...".<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.fastcodesign.com/1664863/what-made-steve-jobs-so-great |title=What Made Steve Jobs So Great? |newspaper=Fast Company |date=August 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410045331/http://www.fastcodesign.com/1664863/what-made-steve-jobs-so-great |archive-date=April 10, 2014 |access-date=August 21, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Does Steve Jobs know how to code">{{Cite web |url=http://www.woz.org/letters/does-steve-jobs-know-how-code |title=Does Steve Jobs know how to code? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031141542/http://www.woz.org/letters/does-steve-jobs-know-how-code |archive-date=October 31, 2013 |access-date=August 21, 2012 }}</ref> [[Daniel Kottke]], one of Apple's earliest employees and a college friend of Jobs, stated: "Between Woz and Jobs, Woz was the innovator, the inventor. Steve Jobs was the marketing person."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://boingboing.net/2012/08/09/kottke.html |title=Searching for Magic in India and Silicon Valley: An Interview with Daniel Kottke, Apple Employee #12 |newspaper=Boing Boing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111073600/http://boingboing.net/2012/08/09/kottke.html |archive-date=January 11, 2014 |access-date=August 30, 2012|date=August 9, 2012 }}</ref>

Involved in many projects throughout his career was his long-time marketing executive and confidant [[Joanna Hoffman]], known as one of the few employees at Apple and NeXT who could successfully stand up to Jobs while also engaging with him.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/08/kate-winslet-on-her-role-in-steve-jobs.html |title=How Kate Winslet Won a Role in Steve Jobs and Managed All That Sorkin Dialogue |last=Kachka |first=Boris |date=August 26, 2015 |work=Vulture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618180609/http://www.vulture.com/2015/08/kate-winslet-on-her-role-in-steve-jobs.html |archive-date=June 18, 2016 |access-date=December 28, 2017}}</ref> Even while terminally ill in the hospital, Jobs sketched new devices that would hold the iPad in a hospital bed.<ref name=eulogy /> He despised the oxygen monitor on his finger, and suggested ways to revise the design for simplicity.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/walter-isaacsons-steve-jobs-biography-shows-apple-co-founders-genius-flaws/2011/10/23/gIQA86vaAM_story.html |title=Walter Isaacson's 'Steve Jobs' biography shows Apple co-founder's genius, flaws |last=Rosenwald |first=Michael S. |date=October 24, 2011 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=September 16, 2012 |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025093629/http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/walter-isaacsons-steve-jobs-biography-shows-apple-co-founders-genius-flaws/2011/10/23/gIQA86vaAM_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Apple I]] was designed entirely by Steve Wozniak, but Steve Jobs had the idea of selling the computer, which led to the founding of [[Apple Computer]] in 1976. Jobs and Wozniak constructed several of the Apple I prototypesprototype by hand, funded by selling some of their belongings. Eventually, 200 units were produced.<ref name="AppleStoryPart1"/> One of the main innovations of the Apple I was that it included [[video display terminal]] circuitry on its circuit board, allowing it to connect to a low-cost [[composite video]] monitor or television, instead of an expensive computer terminal, compared to most existing computers at the time.

{{Main|Apple II series}}

The Lisa is a personal computer developed by Apple from 1978 and sold in the early 1980s to business users. It is the first personal computer with a [[graphical user interface]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mac-history.net/apple-lisa/2007-10-12/apple-lisa |title=Apple Lisa |first=Christoph |last=Dernbach |date=October 12, 2007 |publisher=Mac History |access-date=November 15, 2012 |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103160504/http://www.mac-history.net/apple-lisa/2007-10-12/apple-lisa |url-status=live }}</ref> The Lisa sold poorly at 100,000 units.,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://oldcomputers.net/lisa.html |title=Apple Lisa computer |access-date=May 20, 2015 |archive-date=June 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602111059/http://oldcomputers.net/lisa.html |url-status=live }}</ref> but despite being considered a commercial failure, it received technical acclaim, introducing several advanced features that reappeared on the Macintosh and eventually [[IBM PC compatible]]s. In 1982, after Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project,<ref>{{Cite book |title=iCon: Steve Jobs, the greatest second act in the history of business |title-link=iCon: Steve Jobs |last1=Simon |first1=Jeffrey S. |last2=Young |first2=William L. |date=April 14, 2006 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Wiley]] |isbn=978-0471787846 |edition=Newly updated |location=Hoboken, NJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/iconstevejobsgre00jeff/page/70 70] }}</ref> he took over the [[Macintosh]] project, adding inspiration from Lisa. The final Lisa 2/10 was modified and sold as the [[Macintosh XL]].{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|p=79}}

[[File:Steve Jobs.jpg|thumb|upright|Jobs holds up a [[MacBook Air]] at the [[MacWorld Conference & Expo]] in, 2008.]]

iTunes is a [[media player software|media player]], media library, online radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple. It is used to play, download, and organize digital [[Sound recording and reproduction|audio]] and video on personal computers running the [[macOS]] and [[Microsoft Windows]] operating systems. The [[iTunes Store]] is also available on the [[iPod Touch]], [[iPhone]], and iPad.<ref name="History">{{Cite web |last=McElhearn |first=Kirk |date=January 9, 2016 |title=15 years of iTunes: A look at Apple's media app and its influence on an industry |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/3019878/software/15-years-of-itunes-a-look-at-apples-media-app-and-its-influence-on-an-industry.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014254/https://www.macworld.com/article/3019878/software/15-years-of-itunes-a-look-at-apples-media-app-and-its-influence-on-an-industry.html |archive-date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 16, 2017 |website=[[iPadMacworld]]. |publisher=[[International Data Group]]}}</ref>

Through the iTunes Store, users can purchase and download music, music videos, television shows, [[audiobook]]s, [[podcast]]s, movies, and movie rentals in some countries, and [[ringtone]]s, available on the iPhone and iPod Touch (fourth generation onward). [[Application software]] for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch can be downloaded from the [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]].<ref name="History"/>

The iPad is an [[iOS]]-based line of [[tablet computer]]s designed and marketed by Apple. The [[iPad (1st generation)|first iPad]] was released on April 3, 2010. The [[user interface]] is built around the device's [[multi-touch]] screen, including a [[virtual keyboard]]. The iPad includes built-in [[Wi-Fi]] and cellular connectivity on select models. {{As of |April 2015}}, more than 250 million iPads have been sold.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/3/8339599/apple-ipad-five-years-old-timeline-photos-videos |title=The iPad's 5th anniversary: a timeline of Apple's category-defining tablet |website=[[The Verge]] |access-date=April 17, 2015 |date=April 3, 2015 |archive-date=April 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417213254/http://www.theverge.com/2015/4/3/8339599/apple-ipad-five-years-old-timeline-photos-videos |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:SteveJobs house in PaloAlto with fruit trees.jpg|thumb|Jobs's house had abundant fruit trees in Palo Alto.]]

In 1989, Jobs first met his future wife, [[Laurene Powell Jobs|Laurene Powell]], when he gave a lecture at the [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]], where she was a student. Soon after the event, he stated that Laurene "was right there in the front row in the lecture hall, and I couldn't take my eyes off of her ... kept losing my train of thought, and started feeling a little giddy".<ref name=bsj/>{{rpCite web |neededlast=y Love| first= Dylan| title= Steve Jobs Skipped A Business Meeting To Take His Wife On Their First Date|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-wife-2011-10|access-date=March2020-06-30| website=Business 2018Insider}}</ref> After the lecture, he met her in the parking lot and invited her out to dinner. From that point forward, they were together, with a few minor exceptions, for the rest of his life.<ref>{{Cite nameweb |last=bsj/>Milian |first=Mark |date=2011-10-06 |title=The spiritual side of Steve Jobs {{rp!}} CNN Business |neededurl=yhttps://www.cnn.com/2011/10/05/tech/innovation/steve-jobs-philosophy/index.html |access-date=March2024-05-02 2018|website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

Jobs proposed on New Year's Day 1990; with "a fistful of freshly picked wildflowers".<ref name=bsj/>{{rp|needed=y|date=March 2018}} Theythey married on March 18, 1991, in a Buddhist ceremony at the [[Ahwahnee Hotel]] in [[Yosemite National Park]].<ref name=bsj"CNN Money"/>{{rp|needed=y|date=March 2018}} Fifty people, including Jobs's father, Paul, and his sister Mona, attended. The ceremony was conducted by Jobs's [[guru]], [[Kobun Chino Otogawa]].<ref name="CNN Money">{{cite web| first= Peter |last= Elkind |url= https://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index2.htm|title=America's Most Admired Companies: Steve Jobs (pg 2)|work=[[CNNMoney]]|date=March 5, 2008 |access-date=September 17, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100305185913/http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index2.htm|archive-date=March 5, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The vegan wedding cake was in the shape of Yosemite's [[Half Dome]], and the wedding ended with a hike and Laurene's brothers' snowball fight. Jobs reportedly said to Mona: "You see, Mona [...], Laurene is descended from [[Joe Namath]], and we're descended from [[John Muir]]".{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=274}}

Jobs's and Powell's first child, a son named [[Reed Jobs|Reed]], was born in 1991.{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|p=81}} Jobs's father, Paul, died a year and a half later, on March 5, 1993. Jobs's childhood home remains a tourist attraction and is currently owned by his stepmother (Paul's second wife), Marilyn Jobs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://patch.com/california/losaltos/steve-jobs-childhood-home-draws-tourists-stepmom-lamea2c39be94e |title=Steve Jobs' Childhood Home Draws Tourists; Stepmom Laments Resignation |date=August 25, 2011 |website=Los Altos, CA Patch |access-date=May 30, 2021 |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213808/https://patch.com/california/losaltos/steve-jobs-childhood-home-draws-tourists-stepmom-lamea2c39be94e |url-status=live }}</ref> Jobs and Powell had two more children, daughters Erin (b. 1995) and [[Eve Jobs]] (b. 1998), who is a fashion model.{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|p=81}} The family lived in [[Palo Alto, California]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parsacf.org/Page/82 |title=Laurene Powell Jobs&nbsp;– PARSA |year=2006 |publisher=PARSA Community Foundation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914010800/http://www.parsacf.org/Page/82 |archive-date=September 14, 2010 |access-date=July 8, 2008}}</ref> Although a billionaire, Jobs made it known that, like Gates, he had stipulated that most of his monetary fortune would not be left to his children.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/business/laurene-powell-jobs-corner-office.html|title=Laurene Powell Jobs Is Putting Her Own Dent in the Universe: An interview with the 35th-richest person in the world|first=David|last=Gelles|date=February 27, 2020|access-date=May 25, 2020|archive-date=May 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525094813/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/business/laurene-powell-jobs-corner-office.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Business Insider]]|title=Laurene Powell Jobs says she won't pass on billions to her children|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/laurene-powell-jobs-children-wont-inherit-billions-2020-2|quote=It ends with me|first=Avery|last=Hartmans|date=February 28, 2020|access-date=May 25, 2020|archive-date=June 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629182850/https://www.businessinsider.com/laurene-powell-jobs-children-wont-inherit-billions-2020-2|url-status=live}}</ref>

Jobs did not contact his birth family during his adoptive mother Clara's lifetime, however. He would later telltold his official biographer [[Walter Isaacson]]: "I never wanted [Paul and Clara] to feel like I didn't consider them my parents, because they were totally my parents [...] I loved them so much that I never wanted them to know of my search, and I even had reporters keep it quiet when any of them found out".{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=253–255}} However, in 1986, when Jobs was 31, Clara was diagnosed with lung cancer. He began to spend a great deal of time with her and learned more details about her background and his adoption, information that motivated him to find his biological mother. Jobs found on his birth certificate the name of the San Francisco doctor to whom Schieble had turned when she was pregnant. Although the doctor did not help Jobs while he was alive, he left a letter for Jobs to be opened upon his death. As he died soon afterwards, Jobs was given the letter which stated that "his mother had been an unmarried graduate student from Wisconsin named Joanne Schieble".{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=253–255}}

Jobs only contacted Schieble after Clara died in early 1986 and after he received permission from his father, Paul. In addition, out of respect for Paul, he asked the media not to report on his search.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=253–255}} Jobs stated that he was motivated to find his birth mother out of both curiosity and a need "to see if she was okay and to thank her, because I'm glad I didn't end up as an abortion. She was twenty-three and she went through a lot to have me."{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=254}} Schieble was emotional during their first meeting (though she wasn't familiar with the history of Apple or Jobs's role in it) and told him that she had been pressured into signing the adoption papers. She said that she regretted giving him up and repeatedly apologized to him for it. Jobs and Schieble would developdeveloped a friendly relationship throughout the rest of his life and would spendspent Christmas together.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=258}}

{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area
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[[Category:NeXT people]]