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Sammi Brie (talk | contribs) Adding local short description: "Bundle of nerve fibers", overriding Wikidata description "paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx" |
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{{Short description|Bundle of nerve fibers}}
{{Infobox
| Image = Gray847.png
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▲ Caption = Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the [[celiac plexus]] and [[hypogastric plexus]]. (Sympathetic trunk labeled at center left.) |
▲ Caption2 = Scheme showing pathways (white/grey rami are spatially reversed, possibly for clarity?) of a typical spinal nerve.<BR>1. [[General somatic efferent fibers|Somatic efferent]].<BR>2. [[General somatic afferent fibers|Somatic afferent]].<BR>3,4,5. [[General visceral efferent fibers|Sympathetic efferent]].<BR>6,7. Parasympathetic afferent.
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▲ Innervates = |
▲ BranchFrom = |
▲ BranchTo = |
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The '''sympathetic trunks''' ('''sympathetic chain''', '''gangliated cord''') are a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the [[Human skull|skull]] to the [[coccyx]]. They are a major component of the [[sympathetic nervous system]].
==Structure==
The sympathetic trunk lies just lateral to the [[vertebral bodies]] for the entire length of the [[vertebral column]]. It interacts with the [[anterior ramus of spinal nerve|anterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] by way of [[rami communicantes]]. The sympathetic trunk permits [[preganglionic fibers]] of the [[sympathetic nervous system]] to ascend to spinal levels superior to T1 and descend to spinal levels inferior to L2/3.<ref>Mader S. S. (2000): Human biology. McGraw-Hill, New York, {{ISBN|0-07-290584-0}}; {{ISBN|0-07-117940-2}}.</ref><ref>Pritchard T. E., Alloway D. (1999): Medical neuroscience. Hayes Barton Press, {{ISBN|978-1-59377-200-0}}:https://books.google.com/books/about/Medical_neuroscience.html?id=m7Y80PcFHtsC.</ref><ref>Butler A. B., Hodos W. (2005): Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: evolution and adaptation. Wiley-Blackwell, {{ISBN|978-0-471-21005-4}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nO6ggvV1PUC|title=Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation|last=Butler|first=Ann B.|last2=Hodos|first2=William|date=2005-09-02|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9780471733836|language=en}}</ref><ref>Hall J. E., Guyton A. C. (2006): Textbook of medical physiology, 11th edition. Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, Mo, {{ISBN|0-7216-0240-1}}.</ref><ref>Warrell D. A., Cox T. M., Firth J. D. (2010): [http://otm.oxfordmedicine.com/ The Oxford Textbook of Medicine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321002102/http://otm.oxfordmedicine.com/ |date=2012-03-21 }} (5th ed.). Oxford University Press</ref><ref>Greenstein B., Greenstein A. (2002): Color atlas of neuroscience – Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Thieme, Stuttgart – New York, {{ISBN|9783131081711}}.</ref>
The superior end of it is continued upward through the [[carotid canal]] into the skull, and forms a [[plexus]] on the [[internal carotid artery]]; the inferior part travels in front of the [[coccyx]], where it converges with the other trunk at a structure known as the [[ganglion impar]].
Along the length of the sympathetic trunk are [[sympathetic ganglia]] known as [[paravertebral ganglia]].▼
▲The superior end of it is continued upward through the [[carotid canal]] into the skull, and forms a [[plexus]] on the [[internal carotid artery]]; the inferior part travels in front of the [[coccyx]], where it converges with the other trunk at a structure known as the [[ganglion impar]].
<gallery>
▲Along the length of the sympathetic trunk are [[ganglia]] known as [[paravertebral ganglia]].
File:Gray530.png|The sympathetic trunk (yellow) can be seen just [[Anatomical terms of location#lateral|lateral]] to the [[Human vertebral column|vertebral column]].
</gallery>
=== Relations ===
In the cervical region, the sympathetic trunk is situated upon the [[prevertebral fascia]] posterior to the [[carotid sheath]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Standring |first=Susan |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1201341621 |title=Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-7020-7707-4 |edition=42nd |location=[New York] |oclc=1201341621}}</ref>{{Rp|page=600}}
==Function==
The sympathetic trunk is a fundamental part of the [[sympathetic
{{Table of autonomic innervation of organs}}
==Additional images==
<gallery>
File:Gray839.png|Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Horner's syndrome]]
==References==
{{Gray's}}
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{SUNYAnatomyFigs|21|04|04}} - "The position of the right and left vagus nerves, and sympathetic trunks in the mediastinum."
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|43|15|01|02}} - "The Female Pelvis: The Posterolateral Pelvic Wall"
* {{UMichAtlas|n3a6p1}} - "Autonomic Connections of the Spinal Cord"
* [http://www.umm.edu/thoracic/images/sym_lg2.jpg Diagram at umm.edu]
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[[Category:Sympathetic nervous system]]
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