Sympathetic trunk: Difference between revisions

The sympathetic trunk lies just lateral to the [[vertebral bodies]] for the entire length of the [[vertebral column]]. It interacts with the [[anterior ramus of spinal nerve|anterior rami]] of [[spinal nerves]] by way of [[rami communicantes]]. The sympathetic trunk permits [[preganglionic fibers]] of the [[sympathetic nervous system]] to ascend to spinal levels superior to T1 and descend to spinal levels inferior to L2/3.<ref>Mader S. S. (2000): Human biology. McGraw-Hill, New York, {{ISBN|0-07-290584-0}}; {{ISBN|0-07-117940-2}}.</ref><ref>Pritchard T. E., Alloway D. (1999): Medical neuroscience. Hayes Barton Press, {{ISBN|978-1-59377-200-0}}:https://books.google.com/books/about/Medical_neuroscience.html?id=m7Y80PcFHtsC.</ref><ref>Butler A. B., Hodos W. (2005): Comparative vertebrate neuroanatomy: evolution and adaptation. Wiley-Blackwell, {{ISBN|978-0-471-21005-4}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nO6ggvV1PUC|title=Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation|last=Butler|first=Ann B.|last2=Hodos|first2=William|date=2005-09-02|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9780471733836|language=en}}</ref><ref>Hall J. E., Guyton A. C. (2006): Textbook of medical physiology, 11th edition. Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, Mo, {{ISBN|0-7216-0240-1}}.</ref><ref>Warrell D. A., Cox T. M., Firth J. D. (2010): [http://otm.oxfordmedicine.com/ The Oxford Textbook of Medicine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321002102/http://otm.oxfordmedicine.com/ |date=2012-03-21 }} (5th ed.). Oxford University Press</ref><ref>Greenstein B., Greenstein A. (2002): Color atlas of neuroscience – Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Thieme, Stuttgart – New York, {{ISBN|9783131081711}}.</ref>