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{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3''' (PNPLA3), also known as '''adiponutrin''' (ADPN), '''acylglycerol O-acyltransferase''' or '''calcium-independent phospholipase A2-epsilon''' (iPLA2-epsilon) is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''PNPLA3'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid16799181">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wilson PA, Gardner SD, Lambie NM, Commans SA, Crowther DJ | title = Characterization of the human patatin-like phospholipase family | journal = Journal of Lipid Research | volume = 47 | issue = 9 | pages = 1940–9 | date = September 2006 | pmid = 16799181 | doi = 10.1194/jlr.M600185-JLR200 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid19029121">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kienesberger PC, Oberer M, Lass A, Zechner R | title = Mammalian patatin domain containing proteins: a family with diverse lipolytic activities involved in multiple biological functions | journal = Journal of Lipid Research | volume = 50 Suppl | pages = S63-8 | date = April 2009 | issue = Suppl | pmid = 19029121 | pmc = 2674697 | doi = 10.1194/jlr.R800082-JLR200 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PNPLA3 patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=80339}}</ref>
== Function ==
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The gene is located on the long arm of [[chromosome 22]] at band 13.31 (22q13.31). It lies on the Watson (plus) strand and is 40,750 bases in length.
Upstream of the gene, putative binding sites for several transcription factors have been identified. These include [[PPAR-gamma]], [[POU2F1]], and [[Oct-2|POU2F2]].
==Biochemistry==
The recommended name for the gene product is ''patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3''. It is a
The mature protein is 481 amino acids in length and the predicted molecular weight is 52.865
==Clinical relevance==
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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Liu YM, Moldes M, Bastard JP, Bruckert E, Viguerie N, Hainque B, Basdevant A, Langin D, Pairault J, Clément K | title = Adiponutrin: A new gene regulated by energy balance in human adipose tissue | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 89 | issue = 6 | pages = 2684–9 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15181042 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2003-031978 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jenkins CM, Mancuso DJ, Yan W, Sims HF, Gibson B, Gross RW | title = Identification, cloning, expression, and purification of three novel human calcium-independent phospholipase A2 family members possessing triacylglycerol lipase and acylglycerol transacylase activities | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 47 | pages = 48968–75 | date = November 2004 | pmid = 15364929 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M407841200 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I | title = A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 5 | issue = 10 | pages = R84 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15461802 | pmc = 545604 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lake AC, Sun Y, Li JL, Kim JE, Johnson JW, Li D, Revett T, Shih HH, Liu W, Paulsen JE, Gimeno RE | title = Expression, regulation, and triglyceride hydrolase activity of Adiponutrin family members | journal = Journal of Lipid Research | volume = 46 | issue = 11 | pages = 2477–87 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16150821 | doi = 10.1194/jlr.M500290-JLR200 | doi-access = free }}
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