 | |
| Founder | Lawrence Herbert |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | Carlstadt, New Jersey |
| Parent | X-Rite |
| Website | pantone |
History
Pantone began in New Jersey in the 1950s as the commercial printing company of brothers Mervin and Jesse Levine, M & J Levine Advertising.[1][2] In 1956, its founders, both advertising executives, hired recent Hofstra University graduate Lawrence Herbert as a part-time employee. Herbert used his chemistry knowledge to systematize and siased annually, as their inks become yellowish over time.[citation needed][3][4]
Pantone Color Matching System
The Pantone Color Matching System is largely a standardized color reproduction system; as of 2019 it has 2161 colors. By standardizing the colors, different manufacturers in different locations can all refer to the Pantone system to make sure colors match without direct contact with one another.
One such use is standardizing colors in the CMYK process. The CMYK process is a method of printing color by using four inks—cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. A majority of the world's printed material is produced using the CMYK process, and there is a special subset of Pantone colors that can be reproduced using CMYK.[5] Those that are possible to simulate through the CMYK process are labeled as such within the company's guides.
However, about 30% of the Pantone system's 1114 spot colors (as of year 2000) cannot be simulated with CMYK but with 13 base pigments (14 including black) mixed in specified amounts, called base colors.[6] Those 1114 colorsf Canada|Canada]] and South Korea and organizations such as the FIA have also chosen to refer to specific Pantone colors to use when producing flags. US states including Texas have set legislated PMS colors of their flags.[7]
Pantone Goe System
On September 5, 2007, Pantone introduced the Goe System.[8] Goe consisted of 2058 new colors in a new matching and numbering system. In addition to the standard swatch books (now called the GoeGuide), the new system also included adhesive-backed GoeSticks, interactive software, tools, and an online community where users were able to share color swatches and information.
The Goe system was streamlined to use fewer base colors (ten, plus clear coating for reflections, only 4 base colors were new) and accommodate many technical challenges in reproducing colors on a press.[6]
The Pantone Goe system was discontinued in November 2013, but 4 new base colors were added into PMS and some of new colors too, though those 4 base colors are harder to purchase.[9]
Other products
In mid-2006 Pantone, partnering with Vermont-based Fine Paints of Europe, introduced a new line of interior and exterior paints. The color palette uses Pantone's color research and trending and has more than 3,000 colors.
In November 2015, Pantone partnered with Redland London to create a collection of bags inspired from Pantone's authority on color.
Pantone also produced Hexachrome, a patented six-color printing system.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). Adobe Illustrator removed five acb files (Adobe Color Books) of Pantone+ from 2023 version, since Pantone+ was deprecated by Pantone anyway. Photoshop 2023 and Acrobat still work.
Color of the Year
Since 2000,[11][12] the Pantone Color Institute has declared a particular color "Color of the Year". Twice a year the company hosts, in a European capital, a secret meeting of representatives from various nations' color standards groups. After two days of presentations and debate, they choose a color for the following year; for example, the color for summer 2013 was chosen in London in the spring of 2012.[13]
The selected color purportedly connects with the zeitgeist;[14] for example, the press release declaring Honeysuckle the color of 2011 said "In times of stress, we need something to lift our spirits. Honeysuckle is a captivating, stimulating color that gets the adrenaline going – perfect to ward off the blues."[15] The results of the meeting are published in Pantone View, which fashion designers, florists, and many other consumer-oriented companies purchase to help guide their designs and planning for future products.[13] In 2016 and 2021, Pantone chose two colors for Color of the Year.
2000
Cerulean
rticles/color-of-the-year/color-of-the-year-2012
#9BB7D4
</ref>}}
2014
Radiant Orchid
Pantone 18-3224[17]
#B163A3
2015
Marsala
Pantone 18-1438[18]
#955251
2016
Rose Quartz
Pantone 13-1520[19]
#F7CAC9
2016
Serenity
Pantone 15-3919[19]
#92A8D1
2017
Greenery
Pantone 15-0343[20]
#88B04B
2018
Ultra Violet
Pantone 18-3838[21]
#5F4B8B
2019
Living Coral
Pantone 16-1546[22]
#FF6F61
2020
Classic Blue
Pantone 19-4052[23]
#0F4C81
2021
Ultimate Gray
Pantone 17-5104[24]
#939597
2021
Illuminating
Pantone 13-0647[24]
#F5DF4D
2022
Very Peri
Pantone 17-3938[25]
#6667AB
2023
Viva Magenta
Pantone 18-1750[26]
#BB2649
2024
Peach Fuzz
Pantone 13-1023[27]
#FFBE98
In 2012, the color of the year, Tangerine Tango, was used to create a makeup line, in partnership with Sephora.[28] The product line, named Sephora + Pantone Universe collection, features Tangerine Tango–embellished false lashes, nail lacquers, cream, glitters, and high-pigment lip glosses.[29] 2013 Emerald color was reported to be out of sRGB gamut.[30] Also new Very Peri color of 2022 is present in TCX (dyed cotton reference) and TPG (Textile Paper – "Green"[31]) form, here TCX for sRGB hex values are mentioned.
The person behind Pantone's Color of the Year, executive director of the Pantone Color Institute Leatrice Eiseman, explained in an interview how 2014's Color of the Year, Radiant Orchid, was chosen:
I look for ascending color trends, colors that are being used in broader ways and broader context than before ... In this case, Radiant Orchid descends from the purple family, which is kind of a magical color that denotes creativity and innovation. Purple is just that kind of a complex, interesting, attracting kind of color ... [The] back-story to purple is that it inspires confidence in your creativity, and we're living in a world where that kind of creative innovation is greatly admired. In the world of color, purple is an attention-getter, and it has a meaning. It speaks to people, and we felt that it was time for the purple family to be celebrated. That's why we chose the particular shade called Radiant Orchid.
Pantone has said that color "has always been an integral part of how a culture expresses the attitudes and emotions of the times."[12]
Intellectual property
Pantone asserts that their lists of color numbers and pigment values are the intellectual property of Pantone and free use of the list is not allowed.[33] This is frequently held as a reason Pantone colors cannot be supported in open-source software and are not often found in low-cost proprietary software.[34] Pantone has been accused of "being intentionally unclear" about its exact legal claims, but it is acknowledged that "the simplest claim would be trademark misappropriation or dilution towards someone who produced a color palette marketed as compatible with Pantone's".[34]
By contrast, intellectual property scholar Aaron Perzanowski claims that Pantone has no intellectual property rights over individual colors or color libraries.[4]
See also
External links
- ^ Budds, Diana (September 18, 2015). "How Pantone Became The Definitive Language Of Color". Fast Company. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- ^ "History of Pantone Inc. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- ^ Stempkowski, Joy. "When should you repl colors in Adobe products". The Verge. Retrieved February 2, 2023.
- ^ a b Stokel-Walkergearnov, Chris (November 2, 2022). "Adobe Just Held a Bunch of Colors Hostage". Wired. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
- ^ "CMYK, RGB & Pantone for Print Marketing". Ballantine. August 29, 2018. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
- ^ a b Pantone 2.0: After 45 Years, the Sequel to PMS, Creative Pro, September 5, 2007.
- ^ "3100. State Flag", Statute, TX, US, archived from the original on October 13, 2007,
(b) The red and blue of the state flag are (1) the same colors used in the United States flag; and (2) defined as numbers 193 (red) and 281 (dark blue) of the Pantone Matching System
. - ^ Pantone Unveils Goe System (press release), archived from the original on February 18, 2017, retrieved September 5, 2007,
Over 2,000 new Pantone colors to inspire, explore and express the color of ideas
. - ^ Cite error: The named reference
pantone.comwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Celebrating the Little Red Dot, SG50 Programme Office, 2015, archived from the original on March 18, 2015.
- ^ "Trend forecasting – Celebrate color: Color by decade infographic from Pantone.com". Pantone. Retrieved August 17, 2017.
- ^ a b Eiseman, Lee; Recker, Keith (2013). "Celebrate color: 50 years in color" (infographic). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
- ^ a b Vanderbilt, Tom (April 27, 2012). "Sneaking into Pantone HQ". Slate. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
- ^ Ibrahim, Banu (December 5, 2019). "Pantone's color of the year is a calming start to 2020". CNN Underscored. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
- ^ "Pantone reveals color of the year for 2011: Pantone 18-2120 Honeysuckle" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone. December 9, 2010.
- ^ "Color of the year 2013: Pantone 17-5641 Emerald" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ "Color of the year 2014: Pantone 18-3324 Radiant Orchid" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ "Color of the year 2015: Pantone 18-1438 Marsala" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ a b "Color of the year 2016: Pantone 13-1520 Rose Quartz & Pantone 15-3919 Serenity" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ "Color of the year 2017: Pantone 15-0343 Greenery" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ "Color of the year 2018: Pantone 18-3838 Ultra Violet" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ "Color of the year 2019: Pantone 16-1546 Living Coral" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ "Color of the year 2020: Pantone 19-4052 Classic Blue" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ a b "Announcing the Pantone color of the year 2021: Pantone 17-5104 Ultimate Gray" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ "Announcing the Pantone color of the year 2022: Pantone 17-3938 Very Peri" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ "Announcing the Pantone color of the year 2023: Pantone 18-1750 Viva Magenta" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ "Announcing the Pantone color of the year 2024: Pantone 13-1023 Peach Fuzz" (Press release). Carlstadt, NJ: Pantone.
- ^ Hutchings, Emma (March 23, 2012). "Pantone teams up with Sephora to create a color-saturated makeup line". PSFK. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
- ^ Sragovic, Ana (March 21, 2012). "Orange crush: Sephora and Pantone team up for an NYC pop-up shop". Vogue. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
- ^ "Color of the year for 2013 falls outside sRGB gamut". Nanosys (blog). December 11, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
- ^ "Pantone numbering explained". pantone.com. Pantone. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
- ^ Eiseman, L. "Lee Eiseman, Executive Director, Pantone Color Institute". Signazon. Spotlight. Archived from the original on January 17, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ^ "Clause 4", Terms of Use, Pantone, July 30, 2009,
published materials of Pantone, are protected by copyright laws and include, for example, graphic presentations, color references, Pantone Colors, Pantone Names, numbers, formulas, and software
. - ^ a b "Pantone and free software". Linux.com - News For Open Source Professionals. November 21, 2005. Archived from the original on November 29, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2022.