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First Pentium logo (1993)
| produced-start = {{Start date and age|1993|03|22}}
| produced-end = {{End date and age|2023}}<ref name="Warren 2022">{{cite web |last1=Warren |first1=Tom |date=September 16, 2022 |title=Intel Processor will replace Pentium and Celeron in 2023 laptops |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/16/23356495/intel-processor-pentium-celeron-brand-2023-notebook-laptops |website=The Verge |language=en-US |access-date=December 22, 2022}}</ref>
|
| designfirm = Intel
<!----------------- Performance ------------------>
| slowest =
| fastest = 4.4
| slow-unit = MHz
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| application =
| size-from = 800 nm
| size-to = [[
▲| arch1 =
| microarch = {{ubl |[[P5 (microarchitecture)|P5]]
| [[P6 (microarchitecture)|P6]]
| [[NetBurst]]
| [[Intel Core (microarchitecture)|Core]]
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| instructions = [[x86]]
<!----------- Physical specifications ------------>
| numcores = 1-
| sock1 = '''Desktop''' {{bulleted list |[[Socket 4]] |[[Socket 5]] |[[Socket 7]] |[[Socket 8]] |[[Slot 1]] |[[Socket 370]] |[[Socket 423]] |[[Socket 478]] |[[LGA 775]] |[[LGA 1155]] |[[LGA 1150]] |[[LGA 1151]] |[[LGA 1200]] |[[LGA 1700]]}}
| sock2 = '''Mobile''' {{bulleted list |[[Socket 495]] |[[Socket 479]]|[[Socket M]]|[[Socket P]]|[[Socket G1]]|[[Socket G2]]}}
<!--------- Products, models, variants ----------->
| core1 =
| pcode1 =
|
| brand2 = [[Pentium Pro]]
| brand3 = [[Pentium II|Pentium II/Pentium II MMX]]
| brand4 = [[Pentium III]]
| brand5 = [[Pentium 4|Pentium 4/Pentium 4 Extreme Edition]]
| brand6 = [[Pentium D|Pentium D/Pentium Extreme Edition]]
| brand7 = [[Pentium M]]
| brand8 = Pentium Silver
| brand9 = Pentium Gold
| variant = [[Intel Atom|Atom]], [[Celeron]]
<!------------------ History ------------------->
| predecessor = [[i486]]
| successor = [[Intel Core|Core]], Intel Processor
}}
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}}
'''Pentium''' is a discontinued series of [[x86]] architecture-compatible [[microprocessor]]s produced by [[Intel]]. The [[Pentium (original)|original Pentium]] was first released on March 22, 1993. The name "Pentium" is originally derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''[[wikt:pent-|pente]]'' (''πεντε''), meaning "five", a reference to the prior numeric naming convention of Intel's 80x86 processors (8086–80486), with the [[Latin]] ending ''[[-ium]]'' since the processor would otherwise have been named 80586 using that convention.
Pentium was Intel's flagship processor line for over a decade until the introduction of the [[Intel Core]] line in 2006. Pentium-branded processors released from 2009 to
The later Pentiums were based on both the architecture used in [[Intel Atom|Atom]] and that of Core processors. In the case of Atom architectures, Pentiums were the highest performance implementations of the architecture. Pentium processors with Core architectures prior to 2017 were distinguished from the faster, higher-end i-series processors by lower [[clock rate]]s and disabling some features, such as [[hyper-threading]], [[Intel VT|virtualization]] and sometimes L3 [[CPU cache|cache]].
In 2017,
* Pentium Silver, aiming for low-power devices
* Pentium Gold, aiming for entry-level desktop and using existing
In September 2022, Intel announced that the Pentium and Celeron brands
== Overview ==
{{See also|List of Intel Pentium processors}}
During development, Intel generally identifies processors with [[codename]]s, such as ''Prescott'', ''Willamette'', ''Coppermine'', ''Katmai'', ''Klamath'', or ''Deschutes''. These usually become widely known, even after the processors are given official names on launch. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Names of processors |url=http://www.ece.iastate.edu/~morris/cs570/name.html |website=IA State}}</ref>
The original Pentium-branded CPUs were expected to be named 586 or i586, to follow the naming convention of prior generations ([[Intel 80286|286]], [[Intel 80386|i386]], [[Intel 80486|i486]]). However, as the firm wanted to prevent their competitors from branding their processors with similar names (as AMD had done with their [[Am486]]), Intel filed a [[trademark]] application on the name in the United States, but was denied because a series of numbers was considered to lack ''[[trademark distinctiveness]]''.<ref name="newyorker">{{cite news |last=Colapinto |first=John |author-link=John Colapinto |date=October 3, 2011 |title=Famous names |language=en-US |pages=38–43 |work=The New Yorker |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/10/03/111003fa_fact_colapinto |access-date=October 12, 2011}}</ref>▼
Following Intel's prior series of [[8086]], [[80186]], [[80286]], [[80386]], and [[80486]] microprocessors, the firm's first P5-based processor was released as the [[P5 (microarchitecture)|original Intel Pentium]] on March 22, 1993. Marketing firm [[Lexicon Branding]] was hired to coin a name for the new processor. The suffix ''-ium'' was chosen as it could connote a fundamental ingredient of a computer, like a [[chemical element]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Burgess |first=John |date=October 20, 1992 |title=Intel's fifth-generation chip no longer goes by the numbers |language=en-US |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1992/10/20/intels-fifth-generation-chip-no-longer-goes-by-the-numbers/cbf117ef-23b8-4f48-bfc6-70faaecaf298/
Due to its success, the Pentium brand would continue through several generations of high-end processors. In 2006, the name briefly disappeared from Intel's [[technology roadmap]]s,<ref>{{cite news |last=Huynh |first=Anh Tuan |date=September 20, 2006 |title=Intel "Conroe-L" Details Unveiled |website=DailyTech |url=http://www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=4252 |
In 1998, Intel introduced the [[Celeron]]<ref name="intel.com">{{cite web |title=Microprocessor Hall of Fame |url=http://www.intel.com/museum/online/hist%5Fmicro/hof/ |
In 2009, the "Dual-Core" suffix was dropped, and new x86 processors started carrying the plain ''Pentium'' name again.▼
In 2014, Intel released the ''Pentium 20th Anniversary Edition'', to mark the 20th anniversary of the Pentium brand. These processors are unlocked and highly overclockable.▼
In 2017, Intel split the Pentium branding into two line-ups. Pentium Silver targets low-power devices and shares architecture with Atom and Celeron, while Pentium Gold targets entry-level desktops and uses existing architecture, such as [[Kaby Lake]] and [[Coffee Lake]].▼
In September 2022, Intel announced that the Pentium and Celeron brands
{| class=wikitable
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|}
[[File:A80502100 sy007 pentium observe.png|thumb|A 100 MHz Pentium processor manufactured in 1996]]▼
▲The original Pentium-branded CPUs were expected to be named 586 or i586, to follow the naming convention of prior generations ([[Intel 80286|286]], [[Intel 80386|i386]], [[Intel 80486|i486]]). However, as the firm wanted to prevent their competitors from branding their processors with similar names (as AMD had done with their [[Am486]]), Intel filed a [[trademark]] application on the name in the United States, but was denied because a series of numbers was considered to lack ''[[trademark distinctiveness]]''.<ref name=newyorker/>
▲Following Intel's prior series of [[8086]], [[80186]], [[80286]], [[80386]], and [[80486]] microprocessors, the firm's first P5-based processor was released as the [[P5 (microarchitecture)|original Intel Pentium]] on March 22, 1993. Marketing firm [[Lexicon Branding]] was hired to coin a name for the new processor. The suffix ''-ium'' was chosen as it could connote a fundamental ingredient of a computer, like a [[chemical element]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Burgess |first=John |date=October 20, 1992 |title=Intel's fifth-generation chip no longer goes by the numbers |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1992/10/20/intels-fifth-generation-chip-no-longer-goes-by-the-numbers/cbf117ef-23b8-4f48-bfc6-70faaecaf298/ |work=The Washington Post |language=en-US |access-date=December 22, 2022}}</ref> while the prefix ''[[pent-]]'' could refer to the fifth generation of x86.<ref name=newyorker>{{cite news |last=Colapinto |first=John |author-link=John Colapinto |date=October 3, 2011 |title=Famous names |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/10/03/111003fa_fact_colapinto |work=The New Yorker |language=en-US |pages=38–43 |access-date=October 12, 2011}}</ref>
▲Due to its success, the Pentium brand would continue through several generations of high-end processors. In 2006, the name briefly disappeared from Intel's [[technology roadmap]]s,<ref>{{cite news |last=Huynh |first=Anh Tuan |date=September 20, 2006 |title=Intel "Conroe-L" Details Unveiled |url=http://www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=4252 |website=DailyTech |access-date=August 16, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306021304/http://www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=4252 |archive-date=March 6, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Feature - Computers - CNET Asia">{{cite web |last1=Thatcher |first1=Michelle |last2=Brown |first2=Rich |date=April 23, 2008 |title=The multicore era is upon us |url=http://asia.cnet.com/the-multicore-era-is-upon-us-61998152.htm |website=CNET |language=en-US |access-date=May 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119125038/http://asia.cnet.com/the-multicore-era-is-upon-us-61998152.htm |archive-date=January 19, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> only to re-emerge in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=Intel to unify product naming scheme |url=http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/33234/122/ |website=TG Daily |date=August 6, 2007 |access-date=August 12, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926232224/http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/33234/122/ |archive-date=September 26, 2007}}</ref>
▲In 1998, Intel introduced the [[Celeron]]<ref name="intel.com">{{cite web |title=Microprocessor Hall of Fame |url=http://www.intel.com/museum/online/hist%5Fmicro/hof/ |website=Intel |language=en-US |access-date=August 11, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706032836/http://www.intel.com/museum/online/hist_micro/hof/ |archive-date=July 6, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> brand for low-priced processors. With the 2006 introduction of the [[Intel Core]] brand as the company's new flagship line of processors, the Pentium series was to be discontinued. However, due to a demand for mid-range dual-core processors, the Pentium brand was repurposed to be Intel's mid-range processor series, between the Celeron and Core series, continuing with the [[Pentium Dual-Core]] line.<ref name="asia.cnet.com">{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Rich |last2=Thatcher |date=April 23, 2008 |first2=Michelle |title=The multicore era is upon us: How we got here – Where we stand today |url=http://asia.cnet.com/reviews/pcperipherals/0,39051168,61998152-5,00.htm |work=CNET Asia |access-date=April 18, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915181017/http://asia.cnet.com/reviews/pcperipherals/0,39051168,61998152-5,00.htm |archive-date=September 15, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="xbitlabs.com">{{cite news |last=Shilov |first=Anton |title=Intel Readies Pentium E2000-Series Processors |url=http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20061115223825.html |website=X-bit Labs |access-date=August 15, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814195657/http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20061115223825.html |archive-date=August 14, 2007}}</ref><ref name="tgdaily.com">{{cite news |title=Intel to unify product naming scheme |url=http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/33234/122/ |website=TG Daily |access-date=August 15, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926232224/http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/33234/122/ |archive-date=September 26, 2007}}</ref>
▲In 2009, the "Dual-Core" suffix was dropped, and new x86 processors started carrying the plain ''Pentium'' name again.
▲In 2014, Intel released the ''Pentium 20th Anniversary Edition'', to mark the 20th anniversary of the Pentium brand. These processors are unlocked and highly overclockable.
▲In 2017, Intel split the Pentium branding into two line-ups. Pentium Silver targets low-power devices and shares architecture with Atom and Celeron, while Pentium Gold targets entry-level desktops and uses existing architecture, such as [[Kaby Lake]] and [[Coffee Lake]].
▲In September 2022, Intel announced that the Pentium and Celeron brands will be replaced with the new "Intel Processor" branding for low-end processors in laptops from 2023 onwards.<ref name="Warren 2022"/>
== Pentium-branded processors ==
[[File:Pentium P54C Die.jpg|thumb|The [[Die (integrated circuit)|die]] of a Pentium processor in its package]]
[[File:Intel Pentium 120MHz SY062 (No Dust, Color Corrected).png|thumb|Intel Pentium 120MHz die shot]]
=== P5 microarchitecture based ===
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===P6 microarchitecture based===
▲[[File:A80502100 sy007 pentium observe.png|thumb|A 100 MHz Pentium ([[iCOMP (index)|ICOMP]]=815) processor manufactured in 1996|left]]
In parallel with the P5 microarchitecture, Intel developed the ''[[P6 (microarchitecture)|P6 microarchitecture]]'' and started marketing it as the ''[[Pentium Pro]]'' for the high-end market in 1995. It introduced [[out-of-order execution]] and an integrated second-level [[CPU cache|cache]] on dual-chip processor package.
The second P6 generation replaced the original P5 with the ''[[Pentium II]]'' and rebranded the high-end version as ''[[Pentium II Xeon]]''. It was followed by a third version named the ''[[Pentium III]]'' and ''[[Pentium III Xeon]]'' respectively. The Pentium II line added the [[MMX (instruction set)|MMX]] instructions that were also present in the Pentium MMX.
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! Core !! [[Photolithography|Process]] !! {{nowrap|[[Clock rate]]s}} !! L1 [[CPU cache|cache]] !! L2 [[CPU cache|cache]] !! [[Front-side bus|FSB]] !! [[CPU socket|Socket]] !! Release date
|-
| [[Banias (microprocessor)|Banias]] || 130 nm || 0.9–1.7 GHz || 64 KB || 1 MB || 400 Mhz (== MT/s) || [[Socket 479]] || March 2003
|-
| [[Dothan (microprocessor)|Dothan]] || 90 nm || 1.00–2.26 GHz || 64 KB || 2 MB || 400–533 Mhz (== MT/s) || FC-uBGA|| June 2004
|}
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* [[Performance Rating]], informally termed ''Pentium Rating''
* "[[It's All About the Pentiums]]", a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic
* [[Athlon]], AMD's line of processors that competed with Pentium
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pentium (Brand)}}
[[Category:Intel x86 microprocessors]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1993]]
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