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{{Short description|Mass-produced, identical units of a vehicle model}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}
The characteristics of a '''production vehicle''' or '''production car''' are [[mass-produced]] identical models, offered for sale to the public, and able to be legally driven on public roads ([[Street-legal vehicle|street legal]]). Legislation and other rules further define the production vehicle within particular countries or uses.▼
[[File:Wolfsburg - Volkswagen Assembly Line.jpg|thumb|right|A Volkswagen assembly line in 1960 at Wolfsburg]]
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==Origin==
[[File:1911 Ford Model T Touring 2.jpg|thumb|right|Early production car - 1912 Ford Model T Touring]]
At that time, production cars referred to
There is no fixed definition of the number of vehicles or the amount of modification allowed outside of motorsports or national regulations or laws that determine what is or is not a production vehicle. For example, Guinness
==Definitions==
===Guinness Book of Records===
In 2010, the ''[[Guinness Book of Records]]'' awarded the record for the
===Motorsports===
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====FIA definitions====
There have been numerous disputes over what constituted production and modified cars when used in [[motorsports]]. Even under [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA), the exact definition of what was (or was not) a production car was unclear and controversial, which led to rules written in 1955.<ref name="checkeredpast">{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Vni97b1MzsIC&q=disputes+over+what+constituted+production+and+modified+cars.+The+FIA+rules+notwithstanding,+the+definition+of+what+was+(or+was+not)+a+production+car+was+quite+unclear+and+controversial&pg=PA65 |page=65 |title=The chequered past: sports car racing and rallying in Canada, 1951-1991 |first=David Anderson |last=Charters |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780802093943 |access-date=27 February 2014}}</ref> Although the term is defined for particular types of vehicles, and that a certain number of a model must be produced
====Utah Salt Flats Racing Association====
Another example is the [[Bonneville Speedway|Utah Salt Flats Racing Association]], which is concerned solely with the speed of a vehicle. The Association uses its
====Stock
A [[stock car]], in the original sense of the term, is an automobile that has not been modified from its original factory configuration. Later the term stock car came to mean any production-based automobile used in racing. This term is used to differentiate such a car from a "race car", a special, custom-built car designed only for racing purposes.
The actual degree to which the cars conform to standard model specs has changed over the years and varies from country to country. Today most American stock cars may superficially resemble standard American family [[sedan (car)|sedans]], but are in fact purpose-built racing machines built to a strict set of regulations governing the car design ensuring that the [[chassis]], [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension]], engine, etc. are architecturally identical on all vehicles. For example, the NASCAR Sprint Cup series now requires [[fuel injection]]. The closest European equivalent to stock car racing is probably [[touring car racing]]. In the UK and New Zealand there is a racing formula called stock cars but the cars are markedly different from any road car one might see. In Australia there was a formula that was similar to NASCAR called [[Australian Stock Car Auto Racing|AUSCAR]], but it has been ended, and a form of touring cars has taken its place (this is known locally as
===Land
[[File:Caca bueno bonneville 20100825.jpg|thumb|Chevrolet Vectra JL G-09]]
The FIA Land Speed Records Commission has regulations governing series-production cars attempting land speed records under its ''2014 Appendix D - Regulations for Land Speed Record Attempts''. Series-production cars fall under rule D2.3.2 and state that they must be:
<blockquote>
Category B: Series-production Automobiles in production at the time of the application for the Record Attempt and either homologated by the FIA, or for which an application for homologation has been made to the FIA or recognised by the ASN of the country in which they are manufactured for National Records.<ref name="fia.com">{{cite web|title=FIA World Land Speed Records |url= http://www.fia.com/sports/fia-world-land-speed-records |website=Federation Internationale de l'Automobile |date= 10 June 2012 |access-date=January 20, 2018}}</ref>
</blockquote>
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===Modified cars===
{{Main|Modified car}}
[[File:2017-03-07 Geneva Motor Show 1205.JPG|thumb|right|RUF CTR production car]]
Not all performance specialists are officially recognised and their cars are not usually referred to as production vehicles. The primary means of identifying a cars manufacturer since the mid 1980s has been the [[Vehicle identification number|vehicle identification]] or VIN. The first three digits are the [[Vehicle identification number#World manufacturer identifier|manufacturer or WMI identifier]].<ref name=ISO3780>{{cite web |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/45844.html |title=ISO 3780:2009 Road vehicles – World manufacturer identifier (WMI) code |publisher=[[ISO]] |date=2009-10-05 |access-date=2010-09-27}}</ref> If the performance specialist is the manufacturer then its WMI identifier will be in the VIN. An example would be vehicles made or modified by tuning and manufacturing company [[Ruf Automobile|RUF]], which specialises in [[Porsche]] based vehicles. In general, if the RUF vehicle is a RUF modified Porsche then the WMI will be Porsche's (WP0), but if it is built by RUF then its WMI will be RUF's (W09).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rufregistry.com/what-exactly-is-a-ruf/
===Limited production cars===
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==From concept car to production model==
Pre-production cars come after [[prototype]]s or [[development mule]]s, which themselves may be preceded by [[concept car]]s. Pre-production vehicles are followed by production vehicles in the [[mass production]] for distribution through [[car dealership]]s. For example the [[Bugatti Chiron]] in which [[Andy Wallace (racing driver)|Andy Wallace]] achieved a maximum of {{cvt|304.77|mph|kph|2|abbr=on|order=flip}} on 2 August 2019 was described by Bugatti a "near production ready prototype".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkiyAZ63RT8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/NkiyAZ63RT8 |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=Bugatti hits 304.77mph in a Chiron {{!}} Top Gear|website=[[YouTube]] }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/bugatti-has-broken-300mph-barrier|title=Top gear reporting Bugatti Chiron breaking the 300mph barrier|date=2 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>
== See also ==
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