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{{short description|1923 massacre of African Americans in Florida, US}}
{{featured article}}▼
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Rosewood massacre
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| location =
| target = [[Black people]]
| coordinates = {{coord|29|14|0|N|82|56|0|
| date = January 1–7, 1923
| fatalities = {{Plain list|
| fatalities = 6 black and 2 white people (official figure)<br/>27 to 150 in some reports<ref name="Sentinel Memory">{{cite news|last1=Libby|first1=Jeff|title=Rosewood Descendant Keeps The Memory Alive|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2004-02-01/news/0401300610_1_rosewood-massacre-white-mob-black-residents|access-date=3 May 2016|publisher=Orlando Sentinel|date=1 February 2004|archive-date=24 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724095029/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2004-02-01/news/0401300610_1_rosewood-massacre-white-mob-black-residents|url-status=live}}</ref>▼
* 6 black and 2 white people (official figure)
▲
}}
}}
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After hearing all the evidence, the [[Special Master]] Richard Hixson, who presided over the testimony for the Florida Legislature, declared that the state had a "moral obligation" to make [[restitution]] to the former residents of Rosewood. He said, "I truly don't think they cared about compensation. I think they simply wanted the truth to be known about what happened to them ... whether they got fifty cents or a hundred and fifty million dollars. It didn't matter."<ref>D'Orso, pp. 256–257.</ref>
Black and Hispanic legislators in Florida took on the Rosewood compensation bill as a cause, and refused to support Governor [[Lawton Chiles]]' healthcare plan until he put pressure on House Democrats to vote for the bill. Chiles was offended, as he had supported the compensation bill from its early days, and the legislative caucuses had previously promised their support for his healthcare plan.<ref name="bassett"/> The legislature passed the bill, and Governor Chiles signed the Rosewood Compensation Bill, a $2.1 million package to compensate survivors and their descendants. Seven survivors and their family members were present at the signing to hear Chiles say
<blockquote>Because of the strength and commitment of these survivors and their families, the long silence has finally been broken and the shadow has been lifted ... Instead of being forgotten, because of their testimony, the Rosewood story is known across our state and across our nation. This legislation assures that the tragedy of Rosewood will never be forgotten by the generations to come.<ref name="bassett"/></blockquote>
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Rosewood descendants formed the Rosewood Heritage Foundation and the Real Rosewood Foundation Inc. in order to educate people both in Florida and all over the world about the massacre. The Rosewood Heritage Foundation created a traveling exhibit that tours internationally in order to share the history of Rosewood and the attacks; a permanent display is housed in the library of [[Bethune-Cookman University]] in [[Daytona Beach, Florida|Daytona Beach]].<ref name="curry"/> The Real Rosewood Foundation presents a variety of humanitarian awards to people in Central Florida who help preserve Rosewood's history. The organization also recognized Rosewood residents who protected blacks during the attacks by presenting an Unsung Heroes Award to the descendants of Sheriff Robert Walker, John Bryce, and William Bryce.<ref name="awards">Tinker, Cleveland (March 16, 2006). "[http://www.gainesville.com/article/20060316/GUARDIAN/60315042 Real Rosewood Foundation Hands Out Awards"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615080820/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20060316/GUARDIAN/60315042 |date=2011-06-15 }}, ''The Gainesville Sun''. Retrieved on April 8, 2009.</ref> Lizzie Jenkins, executive director of the Real Rosewood Foundation and niece of the Rosewood schoolteacher, explained her interest in keeping Rosewood's legacy current:
<blockquote>It has been a struggle telling this story over the years, because a lot of people don't want to hear about this kind of history. People don't relate to it, or just don't want to hear about it. But Mama told me to keep it alive, so I keep telling it ... It's a sad story, but it's one I think everyone needs to hear.<ref>{{cite news
|last=Reink
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== See also ==
{{Div col}}
* [[African Americans in Florida]]▼
* [[Black genocide]] – the notion that African Americans have been subjected to [[genocide]]
* [[Racism against African Americans]]▼
* [[Racism in the United States]]▼
* [[Lynching in the United States]]▼
* [[Mass racial violence in the United States]]▼
* [[Terrorism in the United States]]▼
* [[Domestic terrorism in the United States]]
* [[Nadir of American race relations]]▼
* [[Red Summer]]▼
▲* [[African Americans in Florida]]
* [[Newberry Six lynchings]]▼
* [[Elaine massacre]]
* [[Ocoee massacre]]▼
* [[Perry massacre]]▼
* [[Opelousas massacre]]▼
* [[Murder of Harry and Harriette Moore]]▼
* [[Tulsa race massacre]]▼
* [[Wilmington insurrection of 1898|Wilmington insurrection]]▼
* [[List of ethnic cleansing campaigns]]
* [[List of ethnic riots#United States]]
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* [[List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States]]
* [[List of massacres in the United States]]
▲* [[Lynching in the United States]]
▲* [[Mass racial violence in the United States]]
▲* [[Murder of Harry and Harriette Moore]]
▲* [[Nadir of American race relations]]
▲* [[Newberry Six lynchings]]
▲* [[Ocoee massacre]]
▲* [[Opelousas massacre]]
▲* [[Perry massacre]]
▲* [[Racism against African Americans]]
▲* [[Racism in the United States]]
▲* [[Red Summer]]
▲* [[Terrorism in the United States]]
* [[Timeline of terrorist attacks in the United States]]
▲* [[Tulsa race massacre]]
▲* [[Wilmington insurrection of 1898|Wilmington insurrection]]
{{Div col end}}
== Notes ==
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== Bibliography ==
* [[Michael D'Orso|D'Orso, Michael]] (1996). ''Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood'', Grosset/Putnam. {{ISBN|0-399-14147-2}}
* Dunn, Marvin. (2013). ''The Beast in Florida: A History of Anti-Black Violence'', [[University Press of Florida]]. {{ISBN|978-0-8130-4163-6}} ([http://upf.com/Mkt/Dunn_public_statement.pdf This book has been unpublished by the University Press of Florida and is not a valid reference])
* [[Michael Gannon (historian)|Gannon, Michael]] (ed.) (1996). ''A New History of Florida'', [[University Press of Florida]]. {{ISBN|0-8130-1415-8}}
* Gonzalez-Tennant. (2018).''[http://upf.com/book.asp?id=9780813056784 The Rosewood Massacre: An Archaeology and History of Intersectional Violence]'', University Press of Florida. {{ISBN|9780813056784}}.
* {{cite news
|title=Owed To Rosewood Voices From A Florida Town That Died In A Racial Firestorm 70 Years Ago Rise From The Ashes, Asking For Justice.
|date=February 21, 1993
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|access-date=January 2, 2018
|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1993-02-21/features/9301110134_1_lee-ruth-davis-rosewood-white-men}}
* Jackson, Kenneth T. (1992). ''The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915–1930'', Elephant Paperback. {{ISBN|0-8223-0730-8}}
* Jones, Maxine; McCarthy, Kevin (1993). ''African Americans in Florida'', Pineapple Press. {{ISBN|1-56164-030-1}}
* <cite id="Incident at Rosewood"></cite>Jones, Maxine; Rivers, Larry; Colburn, David; Dye, Tom; Rogers, William (1993). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090126110750/http://displaysforschools.com/rosewoodrp.html A Documented History of the Incident Which Occurred at Rosewood, Florida in 1923]" (hosted online by Displays for Schools).
* <cite id="Appendices"></cite>Jones, Maxine; Rivers, Larry; Colburn, David; Dye, Tom; Rogers, William (1993). "Appendices: A Documented History of the Incident Which Occurred at Rosewood, Florida in 1923".
* [[Charlton Tebeau|Tebeau, Charlton]] (1971). ''A History of Florida'', [[University of Miami]] Press. {{ISBN|0-87024-149-4}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |ref={{SfnRef|D'Orso,|1996|p=}} |last1=D'Orso |first1=Michael |author-link1=Mike D'Orso |date=1996 |title=Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a Town Called Rosewood |url=https://archive.org/details/likejudgmentdayr0000dors_v2c6/page/n5/mode/2up |url-access=registration |publisher=[[G.P. Putnam's Sons]] |via=[[Internet Archive]] }} {{LCCN|9538492}}; {{ISBN|0-3991-4147-2}}; {{OCLC|33047183|show=all}}.
* Flowers, Charles (March 14, 1997) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080326175941/http://www.seminoletribe.com/tribune/97/mar/rosewood.shtml Is Singleton's Movie a Scandal or a Black ''Schindler's List''?]", ''Seminole Tribune''▼
* Markovitz, Jonathan. ''Legacies of Lynching: Racial Violence and Memory,'' [[University of Minnesota Press]], 2004. Section on Singleton's film.
* Schumacher, Aileen. ''Rosewood's Ashes'' (2002). A fictional murder mystery that uses the massacre at Rosewood as historical backdrop.
▲*Flowers, Charles (March 14, 1997) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080326175941/http://www.seminoletribe.com/tribune/97/mar/rosewood.shtml Is Singleton's Movie a Scandal or a Black ''Schindler's List''?]", ''Seminole Tribune''
== External links ==
{{commonscat|Rosewood massacre}}
* [http://rosewoodflorida.com/ The Real Rosewood website]
* [http://www.virtualrosewood.com/ Rosewood Heritage & VR Project]
* [http://www.displaysforschools.com/history.html ''Remembering Rosewood''], by Displays for Schools, Inc.
* [http://www.
<!--* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090221050653/http://dlis.dos.state.fl.us/fgils/rosewood_bib.html State Library and Archives of Florida Bibliography: Rosewood Bibliography]-->
▲{{featured article}}
{{Lynching in the United States}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rosewood Massacre}}
[[Category:Lynching deaths in Florida|*]]▼
[[Category:1923 disasters in the United States]]
[[Category:1923 fires in the United States]]
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[[Category:1923 murders in the United States]]
[[Category:1923 riots]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Massacres in 1923]]▼
[[Category:Arson in Florida]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Levy County, Florida]]▼
[[Category:Ethnic cleansing in the United States]]
[[Category:History of racism in Florida]]▼
[[Category:January 1923 events]]
[[Category:Levy County, Florida]]
▲[[Category:Lynching deaths in Florida|*]]
[[Category:Lynching in the United States]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1923]]
[[Category:Mass murder in Florida]]
[[Category:Mass murder in the United States]]
▲[[Category:Massacres in 1923]]
[[Category:Massacres in the United States]]
[[Category:Massacres of ethnic groups]]
[[Category:Racially motivated violence against African Americans]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Florida]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Levy County, Florida]]▼
[[Category:White American riots in the United States]]
▲[[Category:History of racism in Florida]]
▲[[Category:Buildings and structures in Levy County, Florida]]
▲[[Category:Tourist attractions in Levy County, Florida]]
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